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Data from: Independently evolved and gene flow‐accelerated pesticide resistance in two‐spotted spider mites
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Data from: Evaluating UAV captured RGB and multispectral imagery as a proxy for visual rating of leaf spot in cultivated peanut
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Data from: Understanding species boundaries that arise from complex histories: Gene flow across the speciation continuum in the spotted whiptail lizards
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Recent extinctions among Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii) and the origin of extant populations
<p>Little Spotted Kiwi (LSK; <i>Apteryx owenii</i>) have the lowest genetic diversity of five currently recognised kiwi species apparently due to a bottleneck when at most five individuals were translocated to Kapiti Island in 1912. Ancient DNA analyses show that LSK also had the lowest genetic diversity of kiwi species historically, possibly due to population bottlenecks during Pleistocene glaciation. We compare genetic diversity between LSK from Kapiti Island (extant), D'Urville Island (extinct) and the South Island of mainland New Zealand (extinct) at 495 bp of the mitochondrial control region (mtDNA) and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci (nDNA). Despite higher sample sizes in extant (<i>n</i> = 31 mtDNA, 97 nDNA) than recently extinct (<i>n</i> = 10 mtDNA, 9 nDNA) populations, extant LSK have at least 78% fewer mtDNA haplotypes and 52% fewer microsatellite alleles than recently extinct LSK. Extant LSK were strongly divergent from historical LSK for both mtDNA and nDNA (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> = 0.237 to 0.480), but showed greatest similarity with historical samples from Fiordland near the putative source population of Kapiti founders. Microsatellite data suggest that Kapiti LSK could have arisen from as few as three birds and our mtDNA data show that at least two of the founders were female. Our results indicate that substantial genetic diversity has been lost with the recent extinctions of remnant populations. Locating and protecting any last surviving individuals in presumed extinct populations will require intensive conservation efforts, but could also provide an invaluable source of genetic diversity for the species.</p>
Dataset - Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States
<p>Dataset for manuscript "Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States"</p>
Conjunto de dados Modelo de Regressão Aplicado à Previsão de Preços SPOT de Energia Elétrica (Dataset Regression Model Applied to Electric Energy SPOT Price Forecasting)
<p>Esse conjunto de dados utilizou DataSets de duas fontes distintas: CCEE e ONS. Como são órgãos públicos os dados são acurados, transparentes, confiáveis e de boa qualidade. Os dados de entrada possuem as variáveis que são utilizadas no modelo atual do PLD, já citado. São elas: as datas, o armazenamento de água, a ENA, a expectativa de ENA para a próxima semana e a carga.</p> <p>As datas são dados diários entre janeiro de 2013 e janeiro de 2017. O armazenamento de água é dado por submercado e apresentado em porcentagem da capacidade máxima. A ENA e a expectativa dela para a semana seguinte são apresentadas em porcentagem a partir das chuvas realizadas convertidas em MWmédio pelas previsões feitas utilizando dados históricos (1932-2007). A carga está em MWmédio. E o PLD em R$/MWh.</p> <p>Os soma dos dados dos quatro submercados (SE/CO, SU, NE, NO) de cada dado nos fornece a informação do Sistema Nacional Interligado (SIN).</p> <p>As variáveis de carga, armazenamento e ENA foram retiradas do histórico de operações do site da ONS, disponibilizados para download em ‘csv’. E o PLD do site da CCEE, disponibilizados em ‘xls’.</p> <p>Foram mesclados a partir das datas formando o arquivo de entrada para o modelo utilizado nos experimento</p> <p> </p> <p>Metadados / Metadata</p> <p>Storage of water: percentage of storage of water by submarket.<br> ENA and expectative of ENA: presented by percentage of previsions of rains that happen converted on MWmedium by previsions did with a historic (1932-2007). Data are by submarket.<br> Charge: charge by submarket give on MWmedium.<br> PLD: give on R$/MWh<br> The sum of each variable is the data of the total system.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Low immunogenicity of common cancer hot spot mutations resulting in false immunogenic selection signals
<p>Downstream data used for the analysis as reported in the corresponding manuscript.</p>
Data from: Root morphology and mycorrhizal type strongly influence root production in nutrient hot spots of mixed forests
1. Plants compete for nutrients using a range of strategies. We investigated nutrient foraging within nutrient hot-spots simultaneously available to plant species with diverse root traits. We hypothesized that there would be more root proliferation by thin-root species than by thick-root species, and that root proliferation by thin-root species would limit root proliferation by thick-root species. 2. We conducted a root ingrowth experiment in a temperate forest in eastern USA where root systems of different tree species could interact. Tree species varied in the thickness of their absorptive roots, and were associated with either ectomycorrhizal (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Thus, there were thin- and thick-root AM and thin- and thick-root EM plant functional groups. Half the ingrowth cores were amended with organic nutrients (dried green leaves). Relative root length abundance, the proportion of total root length in a given soil volume occupied by a particular plant functional group, was calculated for the original root population and ingrowth roots after 6 months. 3. The shift in relative root length abundance from original to ingrowth roots was positive in thin-root species but negative in thick-root species (P < 0.001), especially in unamended patches (AM: +6% vs. -7%; EM: +8% vs. -9%). Being thin-rooted may thus allow a species to more rapidly recolonize soil after a disturbance, which may influence competition for nutrients. Moreover, we observed that nutrient additions amplified the shift in root length abundance of thin over thick roots in AM trees (+13% vs. -14%), but not in EM trees (+1% vs -3%). In contrast, phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers suggested that EM fungal hyphae strongly proliferated in nutrient hot-spots whereas AM fungal hyphae exhibited only modest proliferation. 4. We found no evidence that when growing in the shared patch, the proliferation of thin roots inhibited the growth of thick roots. 5. Synthesis. Knowledge of root morphology and mycorrhizal type of co-existing tree species may improve prediction of patch exploitation and nutrient acquisition in heterogeneous soils.
Data from: Structure and phylogeography of two tropical predators, spinner (Stenella longirostris) and pantropical spotted (S attenuata) dolphins, from SNP data
Little is known about global patterns of genetic connectivity in pelagic dolphins, including how circumtropical pelagic dolphins spread globally following the rapid and recent radiation of the subfamily delphininae. In this study, we tested phylogeographic hypotheses for two circumtropical species, the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) and the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), using >3,000 nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each species. Analyses for population structure indicated significant genetic differentiation between almost all subspecies and populations in both species. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses of spinner dolphins showed deep divergence between Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP) lineages. Despite high morphological variation, our results show very close relationships between endemic ETP spinner subspecies in relation to global diversity. The dwarf spinner dolphin is a monophyletic subspecies nested within a major clade of pantropical spinner dolphins from the Indian and western Pacific Ocean populations. Population-level division among the dwarf spinner dolphins was detected–with the northern Australia population being very different from that in Indonesia. In contrast to spinner dolphins, the major boundary for spotted dolphins is between offshore and coastal habitats in the ETP, supporting the current subspecies-level taxonomy. Comparing these species underscores the different scale at which population structure can arise, even in species that are similar in habitat (i.e., pelagic) and distribution.
Data from: Leaf-cutter ants engineer large nitrous oxide hot spots in tropical forests
Though tropical forest ecosystems are among the largest natural sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), the spatial distribution of emissions across landscapes is often poorly resolved. Leaf-cutter ants (LCA, Atta and Acromyrmex, Myrmicinae) are dominant herbivores throughout Central and South America and influence multiple aspects of forest structure and function. In particular, their foraging creates spatial heterogeneity by concentrating large quantities of organic matter (including nitrogen, N) from the surrounding canopy into their colonies, and ultimately, into colony refuse dumps. Here, we demonstrate that refuse piles created by LCA species Atta colombica in tropical rainforests of Costa Rica provide ideal conditions for extremely high rates of N2O production (high microbial biomass, potential denitrification enzyme activity, N content, and anoxia), and may represent an unappreciated source of heterogeneity in tropical forest N2O emissions. Average instantaneous refuse pile N2O fluxes surpassed background emissions by more than three orders of magnitude (in some cases exceeding 80,000 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1) and generating fluxes comparable to or greater than those produced by engineered systems such as wastewater treatment tanks. Refuse-concentrating Atta species are ubiquitous in tropical forests, pastures and production ecosystems, and increase density strongly in response to disturbance. As such, LCA colonies may represent an unrecognised greenhouse gas point source throughout the Neotropics.
WW2 Artillery Spotting Scope
WWII Era Japanese Mounted Artillery Spotting Scope Optics assignment for Game Asset Pipeline course. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Sequence of snow maps produced from Sentinel-2 type of observations (SPOT-5 Take 5) over the Deux Alpes and Alpe d'Huez ski resorts
<p>This is a series of snow cover maps between April 11 and September 8, 2015 over a region that covers the Deux Alpes and Alpe d'Huez ski resorts in France. The snow maps were produced from a SPOT-5 Take 5 images using the "Let-it-snow" processor (v1.0, June 2016: http://tully.ups-tlse.fr/grizonnet/let-it-snow).</p> <p>The SEB folder contains 20 GeoTiff at 10 m résolution in Lambert-93 projection system coded as follows (cf. http://tully.ups-tlse.fr/grizonnet/let-it-snow#products-format):</p> <p> 0: No-snow<br> 100: Snow<br> 205: Cloud including cloud shadow<br> 254: No data</p> <p>The "anim_no05jul_opt" animated gif was produced from these data after performing a simple temporal interpolation given by the following rules:</p> <ul> <li>If a pixel masked by a cloud was marked as snow in the preceding image and in the following image, then it is reclassified as a snow pixel.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>If a pixel masked by a cloud was marked as no-snow in the preceding image and in the following image, then it is reclassified as a no-snow pixel.</li> </ul> <p>The July 05 image was removed from the animation due to a cloud/snow confusion. This type of error should be avoided with Sentinel-2 data thanks to an additional "high cloud" test (see http://tully.ups-tlse.fr/grizonnet/let-it-snow/blob/master/doc/tex/ATBD_CES-Neige.pdf).</p> <p>These data were featured in this blog post : Gascoin, S. "Monitoring the snow cover in ski resorts using Sentinel-2" (19-Sep-2016) http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/multitemp/?p=8676</p>
An Empirical Analysis of Amazon EC2 Spot Instance Features Affecting Cost-effective Resource Procurement
<p>This repository contains code and data for the paper "An Empirical Analysis of Amazon EC2 Spot Instance Features Affecting Cost-effective Resource Procurement", by Cheng Wang, Qianlin Liang and Bhuvan Urgaonkar.</p>
Figure 1. - World map representing all the locations mentioned in the dataset. Areas of particular interest are represented with the same colour (⬤ Madagascar, ⬤ Western Indian Ocean, ⬤ Papuasia, ⬤ New Caledonia, ⬤ South Pacific). Grey spots gather all the other locations.
Figure 1. - World map representing all the locations mentioned in the dataset. Areas of particular interest are represented with the same colour (⬤ Madagascar, ⬤ Western Indian Ocean, ⬤ Papuasia, ⬤ New Caledonia, ⬤ South Pacific). Grey spots gather all the other locations.
Experimental data for "Spot-On: robust model-based analysis of single-particle tracking experiments"
<p><strong>Overview of experimental spaSPT data</strong></p> <p>To comprehensively test Spot-On over many different conditions, we conducted 1064 spaSPT experiments. The raw data is freely available and the purpose of this ReadMe file is to describe the organization, acquisition parameters and format of the data. The data is for 4 different cell lines imaged over 15 different conditions yielding a total of 60 different conditions. The four cell lines were:</p> <ul> <li> <p>U2OS C32 Halo-CTCF</p> </li> <li> <p>U2OS H2B-Halo-SNAP</p> </li> <li> <p>U2OS Halo-3xNLS</p> </li> <li> <p>mESC (JM8.N4) C3 Halo-Sox2</p> </li> </ul> <p>The cell lines were constructed in different ways. U2OS C32 Halo-CTCF was made by homozygous endogenous N-terminal tagging of CTCF in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing as described (C32 refers to clone number 32)<sup>1</sup>. We note the CTCF is an essential gene and that N-terminal tagging did not appear to affect CTCF function or expression level according to a series of control experiments<sup>1</sup>. Moreover, C32 Halo-CTCF has been authenticated using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiling (performed by Dr. Alison N. Killilea at the UC Berkeley Cell Culture Facility) against the following loci: THO1, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, AMEL, vWA and TPOX. The C32 Halo-CTCF cell line showed a 100% match with U2OS.</p> <p>U2OS H2B-Halo-SNAP was made through random integration of a H2B-HaloTag-SNAP-Tag transgene expressed using the EF1a promoter with an IRES-NeoR gene for drug selection. After transfection, cells were selected using G418 until a pure cell population was obtained. This cell line has also been described previously<sup>1</sup>. The wild-type U2OS cell line used to make this cell line was also authenticated using STR profiling against the same loci as C32 and also showed a 100% match with U2OS.</p> <p>U2OS Halo-3xNLS was made through random integration of a FLAG-Halo-3xNLS (3x SV40 NLS: PKKKRKV) transgene expressed using the EF1a promoter. NeoR for drug selection was separately expressed using an SV40 promoter. After transfection, cells were selected using G418 until a pure cell population was obtained. This cell line has also been described previously<sup>1</sup>. The wild-type U2OS cell line used to make this cell line was also authenticated using STR profiling against the same loci as C32 and also showed a 100% match with U2OS.</p> <p>mESC C3 Halo-Sox2 was made through homozygous N-terminal tagging of Sox2 in JM8.N4<sup>2</sup> mouse embryonic stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing as previously described (C3 refers to clone number 3)<sup>3</sup>. The functionality of the C3 Halo-Sox2 knock-in was validated through control experiments and pluripotency through teratoma assays as described previously<sup>3</sup>.</p> <p>Each file contains single-molecule trajectories from a single cell imaged over 30,000 frames. Localization and tracking was performed using a custom-written Matlab implementation of the MTT-algorithm<sup>4</sup> and the following settings: Localization error: 10<sup>-6.25</sup>; deflation loops: 0; Blinking (frames): 1; max competitors: 3; max <em>D</em> (m<sup>2</sup>/s): 20.</p> <p>The same 15 conditions were used for each of the 4 cell lines.</p> <p><strong>ExpA PA-JF549</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this experiment was to test the effect of “motion-blurring” on the Spot-On estimated <em>D</em><sub>FREE</sub> and <em>F</em><sub>BOUND</sub>. 5 different experimental conditions were considered. Full details are given in the Methods section. Briefly, cells were grown overnight on plasma-cleaned 25 mm circular coverslips either directly (U2OS) and MatriGel coated as described<sup>1</sup>. Cell were labeled with 5-50 nM PA-JF549<sup>5</sup> for around 15-30 min, washed twice and medium exchanged to phenol-red free medium. 30,000 frames were collected at a camera exposure time (Andor iXon Ultra 897; frame-transfer mode; vertical shift speed: 0.9 μs; -70C) of 9.5 ms which together with a ~447 μs camera integration time gave a frame rate of ~100 Hz. PA-JF549 dyes were photo-activated during the ~447 μs camera integration time using 405 nm pulses and the 405 nm pulse intensity optimized to achieve a mean density of 1 molecule per frame per nucleus. The JF549 dye was excited using a 561 nm laser and the total number of excitation photons kept constant but either delivered during a 1 ms pulse, a 2 ms pulse, a 4 ms pulse, a 7 ms pulse or with constant illumination.</p> <p>For each cell line and condition, 4 replicates were performed. We count a replicate as an independent experiment performed on a different day. For each replicate around 5 cells were imaged. Occasionally, fewer than 5 cells are available. To avoid tracking errors, we removed cells with too high a localization density from the analysis. All of this information is available in the file name. For example, “U2OS_C32_Halo-CTCF_PA-JF549_1ms-561nm_100Hz_rep2_cell03” refers to the third cell imaged in the second replicate of U2OS C32 Halo-CTCF using a 1 ms excitation pulse of 561 nm laser at a frame rate of 100 Hz. Similarly, “U2OS_C32_Halo-CTCF_PA-JF549_cont-561nm_100Hz_rep4_cell01” refers to the first cell imaged in the fourth replicate of U2OS C32 Halo-CTCF using constant 561 nm laser at a frame rate of 100 Hz.</p> <p>The five ExpA_PAJF549 conditions are separated by cell line such that each cell line is provided in a separate directory. E.g. the directory “U2OS_H2B_ExpA_PAJF549” contains all data for the U2OS H2B-Halo-SNAP cell line.</p> <p><strong>ExpA PA-JF646</strong></p> <p>This experiment was exactly identical to the “ExpA_PA-JF549” experiment except cell were labeled with PA-JF646<sup>5</sup> and excited using a 633 nm laser. The file names and data organization was otherwise the same and the same five excitation conditions were considered.</p> <p><strong>ExpB PA-JF646</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this experiment was to test if the Spot-On estimated <em>D</em><sub>FREE</sub> and <em>F</em><sub>BOUND</sub> values would depend on the frame rate. In particular, all four proteins exhibit some levels of apparent anomalous diffusion, which could cause a dependence on the frame rate. Cells were labeled with PA-JF646 and grown and imaged as described above. Photo-activation took place during the ~447 μs camera integration time and JF646 dyes were excited using 1 ms stroboscopic 633 nm excitation pulses. To change the frame rate, the camera exposure time was set to 4.5 ms (~201 Hz), 5.5 ms (~167 Hz), 7 ms (~134 Hz), 13 ms (~74 Hz) and 19.5 ms (~50 Hz) when also counting the ~447 μs camera integration time. All of this information is available in the file name. For example, “U2OS_Halo-3xNLS_PA-JF646_1ms-633nm_74Hz_rep2_cell04” refers to the fourth cell imaged in the second replicate of U2OS Halo-3xNLS using a 1 ms excitation pulse of 633 nm laser at a frame rate of 74 Hz. Similarly, “mESC_C3_Halo-Sox2_PA-JF646_1ms-633nm_201Hz_rep1_cell03” refers to the third cell imaged in the first replicate of mESC Halo-Sox2 using a 1 ms excitation pulse of 633 nm laser at a frame rate of 201 Hz.</p> <p><strong>Data format</strong></p> <p>All data is available in two different formats: CSV-files and Matlab MAT-files. Both file formats are readable by the web-version of Spot-On. The Matlab version of Spot-On is only able to read the MAT-files. The CSV format consists of comma-separated values and contains headers. If opened with Microsoft Excel, it should appear as shown:</p> <p>Here the “frame” column contains the frame number in which the molecule was detected. The “t” column contains the timestamp. The “trajectory” column contains the trajectory number. For example, trajectory number 1 was only detected in frame 13 after which it disappeared. In contrast, trajectory number 4 was detected in frames 20, 21 22, 23 and 24. Finally, the “x” and “y” columns contain the x,y coordinates of the localization in units of micrometers (μm).</p> <p>The MAT-files contain a structure array named “trackedPar”. trackedPar contains three variables:</p> <ul> <li> <p>trackedPar.xy: “xy” is a matrix with 2 columns and a number of rows corresponding to the number of localizations in that trajectory. The first column is the x-coordinate and the second column is the y-coordinate. The units are micrometers (μm).</p> </li> <li> <p>trackedPar.Frame: “Frame” is a column vector where each element is the frame where the particle was localized.</p> </li> <li> <p>trackedPar.TimeStamp: “TimeStamp” is a column vector where each element is the timepoint where the particle was localized.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Each element in the structure array “trackedPar” correspond to a different trajectory.</p>
Simulated data for "Spot-On: robust model-based analysis of single-particle tracking experiments"
<p><strong>Generation of simulated data</strong></p> <p>To systematically evaluate the performance of Spot-On as well as other common analysis tools such as MSD<sub>i</sub> and vbSPT, we considered a comprehensive set of 3480 realistic SPT simulations spanning the range of plausible dynamics. The simulations were performed using simSPT, which is freely available at GitLab: https://gitlab.com/tjian-darzacq-lab/simSPT. The simulation methods are described in detail at GitLab. A full description of the parameters which allows exact reproduction of the simulations is available together with the data (see Data Availability section). Briefly, we parameterized simSPT to consider that particles diffuse inside a sphere (the nucleus) of 8 µm diameter illuminated using HiLo illumination (assuming a HiLo beam width of 4 µm), with an axial detection range of ~700 nm, centered at the middle of the HiLo beam. Molecules are assumed to have a half-life of 4 frames (when inside the HiLo beam) and of 40 frames when outside the HiLo beam. The localization error was set to 25 nm and the simulation was run until 100000 in-focus trajectories were recorded. More specifically, the effect of the exposure time (1 ms, 4 ms, 7 ms, 13 ms, 20 ms), the free diffusion constant (from 0.5 µm²/s to 14.5 µm²/s in 0.5 µm²/s increments) and the fraction bound (from 0 % to 95 % in 5 % increments) were investigated, yielding a dataset consisting of 3480 simulations. The advantage of simulations is that the ground truth is known. This allows a quantitative assessment of which method works the best.</p> <p><strong>Content of the archives:</strong></p> <ol> <li>170718_simSPT_simulations.zip the code and instructions to reproduce the simulations</li> <li>4um.tar.bz2 simulated data inside a 4 µm nucleus</li> <li>20um.tar.bz2 simulated data inside a 20 µm nucleus, in which virtually no confinement occurs.</li> <li>subsampled.tar.bz2 is a set of subsampled datasets, containing either 99999, 30000, 10000, 3000, 1000, 300, 100 or 30 trajectories. Each subsampling was done 50 times, yielding 50 files per subsmpling.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Formats:</strong></p> <p>The data is provided both in CSV and .mat formats. .mat files are provided in the following dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.835541</p>
Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands
<p>Drained agricultural peatlands occupy only 1% of agricultural land but are estimated to be responsible for approximately one-third of global cropland greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent studies show that greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural peatlands can vary by orders of magnitude over time. The relationship between these hot moments (individual fluxes with disproportionate impact on annual budgets) of greenhouse gas emissions and individual chamber locations (i.e. hot spots with disproportionate observations of hot moments) is poorly understood but may help elucidate patterns and drivers of high greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatland soils. We used continuous chamber-based flux measurements across three land uses (corn, alfalfa, and pasture) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of soil greenhouse gas emissions from temperate agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. We found that the location of hot spots of emissions varied over time and were not consistent across annual timescales. Hot moments of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes were more evenly distributed across space than methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). In the corn system, hot moments of CH<sub>4</sub> flux were often isolated to a single location but locations were not consistent across years. Spatiotemporal variability in soil moisture, soil oxygen, and temperature helped explain patterns in N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in the annual corn agroecosystem but was less informative for perennial alfalfa N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes or CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes across ecosystems, potentially due to insufficient spatiotemporal resolution of the associated drivers. Overall, our results do not support the concept of persistent hot spots of soil CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in these drained agricultural peatlands. Hot moments of high flux events generally varied in space and time and thus required high sample densities. Our results highlight the importance of constraining hot moments and their controls to better quantify ecosystem greenhouse gas budgets.</p>
Stabilizing selection on a plumage-based foraging adaptation: hooded warblers with average-sized white tail spots live longer
<p><span>Avian flush-pursuit insectivores typically use contrasting white plumage patches in their tails or wings to startle potential prey. Although experimental evidence indicates that the extent of white has been fine-tuned by natural selection to optimize foraging performance, the hypothesis that within-population plumage variation directly influences survival or lifetime reproduction and is subject to stabilizing selection has not been tested. Here I provide such a test using data collected as part of a 14-year study of a colour-ringed breeding population of the hooded warbler (<em>Setophaga</em> <em>citrina</em>), a migratory flush-pursuit insectivore that shows inter-individual variation in the extent of white in the tail that is highly repeatable across molts and likely heritable. As expected under stabilizing selection, warblers with average-sized white tail patches achieved significantly higher long-term apparent survival than individuals with either a lesser or greater extent of white in the tail. Evidence of stabilizing selection was especially strong in males, an observation that is likely related to pronounced sexual habitat segregation on the wintering range. My results provide infrequently observed evidence of stabilizing selection operating in a natural population and also illustrate how stabilizing selection can act on avian plumage traits outside the context of sexual and social signaling.</span></p>
Intermittent Lobe Reconnection under Prolonged Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field Condition: Insights from Cusp Spot Event Observations
<p>SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America. <br>We would like to thank British Antarctic Survey (https://www.bas.ac.uk/project/superdarn) and the University of Saskatchewanan (https://superdarn.ca) for hosting the SuperDARN data mirrors access. <br>The EISCAT dataset is available from the Madrigal database (http://millstonehill.haystack.mit.edu). <br>We acknowledge the use of DMSP/SSUSI data provided by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). <br>Additionally, the OMNI dataset is available from the OMNIWeb service online of NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's (https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/omni/).</p>
The subapical labial sensory organ of spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula
<p>Deciphering how the spotted lanternfly (SLF), an invasive polyphagous planthopper in North America, engages with its environment is a pressing issue with fundamental biological significance and economic importance. This interaction primarily depends on olfaction. However, the cellular basis of olfaction in SLF remains elusive. Here we investigate the neuronal and functional organization of the subapical labial sensory organ using scanning electron microscopy and electrophysiological recordings. This organ is believed to supply planthoppers with crucial sensory information that influences their subsequent feeding behavior. We find in SLF that this organ comprises two identical placoid sensilla, each housing two distinct neurons. The A neuron displays a remarkable sensitivity to changes in airflow speed. Importantly, the same neuron also exhibits robust excitatory responses exclusively to three aldehydes out of a diverse pool of 85 tested odorants and inhibitory responses to 62 other odorants. By contrast, the B neuron solely serves as an olfactory detector, showing strong excitatory responses to 17 odorants and inhibitory responses to only three. The results provide a potential cellular basis for the behavioral responses of SLF to its ecologically relevant stimuli. Our study also identifies new odorants that may be useful for managing this serious pest.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.