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opennotspecifiedJul 2014View details →

FIGURE 7. Aturus intermedius, male. A. IV-L-4–5 in Studies on European species of the water mite family Aturidae Thor (Acari: Hydrachnidia)

FIGURE 7. Aturus intermedius, male. A. IV-L-4–5 anterior; B. IV-L-4–5 posterior; C. dorsum; D. III-L-4–5. Scale bars = 100 µm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2014View details →

FIGURE 3. Aturus asserculatus, male. A in Studies on European species of the water mite family Aturidae Thor (Acari: Hydrachnidia)

FIGURE 3. Aturus asserculatus, male. A. dorsal shield; B. IV-L-4–6 posterior; C. IV-L-4–6 anterior. Scale bars = 100 µm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2014View details →

FIGURE 2 in Studies on European species of the water mite family Aturidae Thor (Acari: Hydrachnidia)

FIGURE 2. Aturus crinitus (I 181), SEM photographs. A.–D. male; A. IV-L-4–5 anteroventral; B. IV-L-4–5 posteroventral; C. dorsum; D. posterolateral idiosoma; E. female genital field posterolaterally. Scale bars: A–B, E: 20 µm, C–D 50 µm.

FIGURE 6. Syntergosternite 7 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 6. Syntergosternite 7+8 of male Sarcophaga (s. str.) [no specimen data available]. A–E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; C–F. Not to scale. A. S. subvicina: sntgst 7+8 very distinctly pruinose, with long and dense setae of similar length and density as in basal part of epandrium; distal 1/10 very distinctly pruinose. B. S. subvicina, other specimen: sntgst 7+8 slightly pruinose, with long setae. C. S. subvicina, other specimen: sntgst 7+8 normally pruinose, setae not dense. D. S. carnaria: sntgst 7+8 fully glossy, with very long, not dense setae and setae getting shorter and denser towards basal part of epandrium. E. S. variegata: sntgst 7+8 slightly pruinose, with long setae. F. S. carnaria, same specimen as in Fig. 6D: sntgst 7+8 glossy, with short but dense setae. Abbreviations: fg = fully glossy, sntgst 7+8 = syntergosternite 7+8, ta = transition abrupt, tg = transition gradual, vdp = very distinctly pruinose.

FIGURE 5 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 5. Female terminalia of Sarcophaga (s. str.). A. Tergite 6 (T6), with spiracles. B–E. Tergite 8 (T8), cerci and hypoproct. F–G. Spermathecae (SPE). A. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007083). B. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007082): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, lacking setae. C. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007079): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, with ca. 20 setae. D. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007080): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, lacking setae. E. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007070): sclerotisation on T8 clearly visible and distinct, T8 with ca. 32 setae. F. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007051): spherical apex of SPE distinctly broader than base. G. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007073): spherical apex of SPE comparatively narrow (only slightly wider than base).

FIGURE 3 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 3. Female terminalia of Sarcophaga (s. str.), sternites 6–8. A. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007081): length (L) of sternite 7 (ST7) equal to or longer than width (W). B. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007077): ST7 wider (W) than long (L); anterior, lateral and posterior margins of ST7 straight. C. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007079): anterior margin of ST7 with an indentation in the middle, lateral margins bending inwards on basal half, and posterior margin straight. D. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007041): lateral margins of ST7 bending inwards on basal 1/5. E. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007040): all margins of ST7 straight. F. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007042): lateral margins of ST7 bending inwards on basal half and posterior margin sinuous.

FIGURE 4. Sternite 7 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 4. Sternite 7 (ST7) length to width ratio of Sarcophaga (s. str.) females. Our analysis shows that this morphological character can be used reliably to separate S. subvicina from S. carnaria and S. variegata in most cases (p <0.0001; indicated by asterisks). However, the ST7 length/width ratio cannot be used to distinguish between S. carnaria and S. variegata (p = 0.242; indicated by ns). Box plots show median and first and third quartiles; dots represent extreme outliers. The number (n) of analysed female specimens is indicated above the name of each species.

FIGURE 2 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining tree of Sarcophaga spp. based on the analysis of 94 COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) barcode sequences of equal length (538 bp). Numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap support. Distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. Female specimens collected in 2019–2020 in Baden-Württemberg (SW Germany) and analysed morphologically in this study are displayed in bold. Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart was used as an outgroup species.

FIGURE 1 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 1. Map of 2020 collection sites near Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany (red dots; enlarged section of map depicted in top left corner). For full locality information, see Table 1. Map created using LHS Stuttgart (Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Stadtmessungsamt & Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geoinformationssysteme—GIS- AG; https://gis6.stuttgart.de/maps/index.html?karte=leben&embedded=false#basemap=0).

FIGURE 2. A in Variegated mud-loving beetles (Heteroceridae) of Russia and adjacent countries genus Augyles of European part of Russia and Caucasus Region

FIGURE 2. A coding system for administrative regions of European Russia, North Caucasus and Crimea (CRM).

openNov 2022View details →

Intermediate data belonging to "Process-based climate change assessment for European winds using EURO-CORDEX and global models"

This dataset contains the intermediate results of Wohland (2022) that are needed to redo the analysis und produce the figures. It allows to bypass those steps that rely on access to the supercomputers at the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ). When using this data in academic work, please reference <blockquote> Jan Wohland, Process-based climate change assessment for European winds using EURO-CORDEX and global models, Environmental Research Letters (provisionally accepted on 28/11/2022), 2022 </blockquote> Using this data to reproduce results The data can be used together with the code provided in https://github.com/jwohland/kliwist_modelchain In the above mentioned github repository, there is a `run_all.py` script that repeats the analysis presented in Wohland (2022). After downloading and extracting this data, you can ignore the steps under "calculations", and begin with "plots". Underlying data The dataset draws on output from the CMIP5, CMIP6 and EURO-CORDEX initiatives. I thank the climate modeling groups for making their data openly available. In particular, I acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Regional Climate, and the Working Group on Coupled Modelling, former coordinating body of CORDEX and responsible panel for CMIP5. I also acknowledge the Earth System Grid Federation infrastructure an international effort led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, the European Network for Earth System Modelling and other partners in the Global Organisation for Earth System Science Portals (GO-ESSP). I also acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme, which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP5 and CMIP6. Funding This work is part of the project "The influence of climate change on wind energy site assessments – KliWiSt" funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). References to raw data journal articles <blockquote> Jacob, D. et al. EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research. Reg Environ Change 14, 563–578 (2014). </blockquote> <blockquote> Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J. & Meehl, G. A. An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 93, 485–498 (2012). </blockquote> <blockquote> Hurtt, G. C. et al. Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500–2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands. Climatic Change 109, 117–161 (2011). </blockquote>

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Informing the design of urban green and blue spaces through an understanding of European's usage and preferences

In light of global climate change and the biodiversity crisis, making cities more resilient through an adjusted design of urban green and blue spaces is crucial. Nature-based solutions help address these challenges while providing opportunities for nature experiences, and providing cultural ecosystem services that support public health. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated stressors highlighted the interrelated socio-ecological services provided by nature-based solutions like urban green and blue spaces. This pan-European study therefore aimed to enhance the socio-ecological understanding of green and blue spaces to support their design and management. Using an online survey, green and blue space preferences, usage, and pandemic-related changes in greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were examined. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were associated with respondents' (N=584 from 15 countries) geographic location, dominant type of neighborhood greenspace, and greenspace availability during the pandemic, but not greenspace perceptions or sociodemographic background. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were generally high, however Southern Europeans reported lower greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies both before and during the pandemic than Northern Europeans. Many Southern Europeans also reported having few neighborhood greenspaces and low greenspace availability during the pandemic. The most common outdoor recreational activity among respondents before the pandemic was walking or running with the most frequently stated purpose of time spent outdoors being restorative in nature (i.e. relaxing or calming down). Most Europeans had positive perceptions of green and blue spaces with preferences for structurally diverse and natural or unmanaged green elements. This highlights the importance of accessible green and blue spaces both in everyday life and during times of crisis. Stakeholders, their preferences, and regional and cultural differences should be included in the co-design of urban green and blue spaces to maximize their potential for both people and nature.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Plant macrofossil, peat geochemical and chronological data from sub-Arctic European peatlands

This dataset consists of raw data from peat records analysed for plant macrofossils, peat geochemical properties supplemented by chronological control data from high-latitude Sweden, Finland and European Russia. Altogether, 33 peat cores were analysed from 16 peatlands. Peat cores were collected from seasonally thawed active peat layer with a box corer or a so-called Russian corer. Peat records cover both currently intermediate (n= 25) and dry (n= 8) surfaces. Majority of the sites (n= 12) are permafrost peatlands either with sporadic or discontinuous permafrost. Changes in peatland vegetation and peat and carbon accumulation were studied to resolve how high-latitude peatlands react to past and recent changes in climate. Peat properties were examined for bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and C/N ratio. C accumulation was calculated for the past two millennia. To establish chronological control, peat layers were dated with 210Pb and radiocarbon 14. To create age-depth models we used Plum and the ages retrieved form the models are found in this dataset. The data have been analysed between 2016 and 2020. More information about the methods can be found from Piilo et al. “Consistent centennial-scale change in European sub-Arctic peatland vegetation towards Sphagnum dominance – implications for carbon sink capacity”. Global Change Biology.

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Data from: Titmice are a better indicator of bird density in Northern European than in Western European forests

Population sizes of many birds are declining alarmingly and methods for estimating fluctuations in species' abundances at a large spatial scale are needed. The possibility to derive indicators from the tendency of specific species to co-occur with others has been overlooked. Here we tested whether the abundance of resident titmice can act as a general ecological indicator of forest bird density in European forests. Titmice species are easily identifiable and have a wide distribution, which makes them potentially useful ecological indicators. Migratory birds often use information on the density of resident birds, such as titmice, as a cue for habitat selection. Thus, the density of residents may potentially affect community dynamics. We examined spatio-temporal variation in titmouse abundance and total bird abundance, each measured as biomass, by using long-term citizen science data on breeding forest birds in Finland and France. We analyzed the variation in observed forest bird density (excluding titmice) in relation to titmouse abundance. In Finland, forest bird density linearly increased with titmouse abundance. In France, forest bird density non-linearly increased with titmouse abundance, the association weakening towards high titmouse abundance. We then analyzed whether the abundance (measured as biomass) of random species sets could predict forest bird density better than titmouse abundance. Random species sets outperformed titmice as an indicator of forest bird density only in 4.4% and 24.2% of the random draws, in Finland and France, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that titmice could act as an indicator of bird density in Northern European forest bird communities, encouraging the use of titmice observations by even less-experienced observers in citizen science monitoring of general forest bird density.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

FIGURE 9. Phaeobalia species. a, P in New synonyms and new species of European aquatic dance flies (Diptera, Empididae)

FIGURE 9. Phaeobalia species. a, P. pokornyi Mik, slide with lectotype; b, male terminalia, lateral view; c, P. remschakae Wagner sp. nov., slide with holotype; d, male terminalia, lateral view; e, epandrium with clasping cercus, inner view. (photos RW).

FIGURE 7. Wiedemannia oxystoma Bezzi. a in New synonyms and new species of European aquatic dance flies (Diptera, Empididae)

FIGURE 7. Wiedemannia oxystoma Bezzi. a, lectotype, lateral view; b, terminalia, lateral view; c, label. (photos M. Zilioli, MSNM).

FIGURE 6. Wiedemannia mirousei Vaillant. a in New synonyms and new species of European aquatic dance flies (Diptera, Empididae)

FIGURE 6. Wiedemannia mirousei Vaillant. a, slide with lectotype encircled in red and paralectotype encircled in black; b, lectotype, lateral view; c, male terminalia of lectotype, lateral view. d, slide with paralectotypes (3 ♁, 2 ♀); e, paralectotype, lateral view; f, paralectotype, terminalia, lateral view. (photos MZLS).

FIGURE 5. Wiedemannia debilis Collin. a in New synonyms and new species of European aquatic dance flies (Diptera, Empididae)

FIGURE 5. Wiedemannia debilis Collin. a, slide with neotype encircled in red and additional male specimen; b, neotype, lateral view; c, male terminalia, lateral view (photos MZLS).

FIGURE 4. Wiedemannia species. a, W in New synonyms and new species of European aquatic dance flies (Diptera, Empididae)

FIGURE 4. Wiedemannia species. a, W. hastata Mik, slide with lectotype; b, W. aerea Vaillant, slide with lectotype indicated by red label with arrow; c, W. aerea Vaillant, false designation of holotype by Vaillant (photos a, b RW; c MZLS)

FIGURE 3. Hemerodromia maculata Vaillant. a in New synonyms and new species of European aquatic dance flies (Diptera, Empididae)

FIGURE 3. Hemerodromia maculata Vaillant. a, slide with holotype; b, holotype, lateral view; c, male terminalia, lateral view lateral view (red arrow: arrow-head shaped tip of the phallus) (photos MZLS).