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Figure 12 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 12. Species of Odonturini collected in Guartelá State Park. (a) Anisophya hemanuelae sp. nov., male (left) and female (right); (b, c) females of Xenicola nunoi sp. nov., found at night feeding on flowers and leaves of Malpighiaceae; (d) male holotype of X. nunoi sp. nov.; (e) X. xukrixi, female.

Figure 2 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 2. Sampling area and methods. (a) a panorama photo of the highest altitude of the Guartelá State Park (GSP), with grassland vegetation; (b) a panorama photo taken near the lowest altitude of GSP, with Atlantic Forest vegetation; (c, d) Iapó River, showing the Riparian Atlantic Forest that follows the water course contrasting to the dry areas of higher elevation; (d) Stone Bridge Waterfall; (e) Poções trail, with Cerrado formations; (f) Gaviões trail, with grassland vegetation; (g) an archaeological site near the highest altitude of the park; (h) rupestrian paintings; (i) sampling in Cerrado formations (Dr Diego N. Barbosa and me); (j) sampling at night (Dr D.N. Barbosa); (k) sampling in rocky vegetational refuge formations (Dr D.N. Barbosa and Phillip W. Engelking).

Figure 11 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 11. Xenicola nunoi sp. nov. (a) Male holotype, habitus; (b) female paratype, habitus; (c) head and pronotum dorsal view; (d) head and pronotum, lateral view; (e) male tegmina and antennae, dorsa view; (f) female tegmen; (g) male cerci and tergites IX–X; (h) male subgenital plate and cercus, ventral view; (i) female subgenital plate.

Figure 1 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 1. Guartelá State Park, Brazil. (a) location in the State of Paraná; (b) boundaries of the Guartelá State Park; (c) elevation map.

Figure 5 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 5. Species of Conocephalini found in Guartelá State Park. (a) female (top) and male (bottom) of Conocephalus (Anisoptera) goianus; (b) male (top) and female (bottom) of C. (A.) guartela sp. nov.; (c) male (top) and female (bottom) of C. (A.) saltator; (d) male of C. (A.) truncatus; (e) male of C. (Opeastylus) longipes; (f) male and female of an unknown genus and species of Conocephalini; (g) male of C. (A.) goianus; (h) male of C. (A.) saltator; (i) female of C. (O.) longipes.

Figure 9 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 9. Species of Aniarae and Cosmophylla genus group, and Microcentrini collected in Guartelá State Park. (a) male of Aniarella proxima; (b) male of Hyperophora brasiliensis; (c) and (d) female and nymph of H. minor feeding on flowers of Symphiopappus, respectively; (e) and (f) male of H. minor; (g) Engonia sp. 1; (h) Engonia minor; (i) Microcentrum lanceolatum.

Figure 3 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 3. Morphology of the male subgenital plate. (a) Ventral view; (b) lateral view. Black: style; yellow: styliform process; purple: posterior margin; red: ventral field; blue: lateral flange; green: lateral field.

Figure 10 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 10. Anisophya hemanuelae sp. nov. (a) Male holotype, habitus; (b) female holotype, habitus; (c) head and pronotum, dorsal view; (d) head and pronotum, lateral view; (e) male tegmen (veins: black = ScP; blue = R; red = M; arrow indicates A1); (f) male stridulatory area; (g) male cerci and tergite X, dorsal view; (h) male cerci and subgenital plate, ventral view; (i) sonogram of an echeme sequence; (j) sonogram of an echeme; (k) spectrogram of an echeme, in linear intensity scale.

Figure 13 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 13. Species of Phaneropterini (Anaulacomera and Grammadera) sampled in Guartelá State Park. (a) Anaulacomera angelinae, male; (b) A. (Anallomes) arlindoi, male; (c) A. (Anall.) sylviae, male; (d) A. (Anaulacomera) longicercata, male; (e) A. (Anaul.) metropolitana, male; (f) A. (Cervicercora) dama, male; (g) Grammadera (Deragramma) albida, male; (h) G. (D.) steinbachi, female; (i) G. (Grammadera) forcipata.

Figure 4 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 4. Conocephalus guartela sp. nov. (a) habitus of male holotype, brachypterous; (b) habitus of a male paratype, macropterous; (c) habitus of a female paratype; (d) forewing (veins: purple = ScA; black = ScP; blue = R; yellow = M+ CuA; red = M; green = CuA; arrow = A1); (e) head and pronotum, dorsal view; (f) head and pronotum, lateral view; (g) male stridulatory area; (h) stridulatory file; (i) male cerci and tergites IX–X, dorsal view; (j) male subgenital plate and cerci, ventral view; (k) titillator.

Figure 8 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 8. Species of Copiphorini sampled in Guartelá State Park. (a) Female of Lamniceps gigliotosi; (b–f) male of Neoconocephalus exaltatus, N. flavirostris, N. rioclarensis, N. testaceus, and N. vicinus, respectively; (g) female of N. vicinus; (h–j) males of N. viridis, Neoconocephalus. sp. 1, and Neoconocephalus. sp. 2, respectively; (k–l) Oxyprora flavicornis, male and female, respectively.

Figure 6 in Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Guartelá State Park, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil: diversity, bioacoustics and description of five new species

Figure 6. Calling songs of the species of Conocephalus (Anisoptera). (a, c, e, g) echeme sequence; (b, d, f, h) spectrogram of an echeme, in linear intensity scale. (a, b) C. (A.) goianus; (c, d) C. (A.) guartela sp. nov.; (e, f) C. (A.) saltator; (g, h) C. (A.) truncatus.

Fig. 6 in Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula

Fig. 6. The chemical dendrogram obtained by HCA (Euclidean distance and Ward's linkage method) on the LC–MS feature table. TCA: T. campylodes; TCO: T. coreanum; TE: T. erythrospermum; TU: T. ussuriense; TP: T. platycarpum.

Fig. 5 in Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula

Fig. 5. Bar plots showing the ion intensities of selected defensive metabolites (3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19) in analyzed Taraxacum samples. TCA: T. campylodes; TCO: T. coreanum; TE: T. erythrospermum; TU: T. ussuriense; TP: T. platycarpum.

Fig. 3 in Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula

Fig. 3. LC–MS base peak ion (BPI) chromatograms of 13 Taraxacum extracts. The selected major chromatographic peaks are annotated with peak numbers. T. campylodes, T. coreanum, and T. platycarpum were triplicated, while T. erythrospermum and T. ussuriense were duplicated. Gaps between the chromatograms were added to help visualize the differences, so the y-axis values do not equal the absolute intensities.

Fig. 1 in Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula

Fig. 1. Maps of the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S rDNA units of six Taraxacum species and the locations of polymorphic regions. The number of variable regions for each species is in Table 2 for the chloroplast genomes and Table 3 for the 45S rDNA. (A) The chloroplast genome map of the six Taraxacum species. Polymorphic regions among the species are indicated inside the circle in black and red bars for SNP and InDel, respectively. The innermost graph is Pi value representing nucleotide diversity. (B) The 45S rDNA coding region of the six Taraxacum species. SNPs and IndeLs among the six Taraxacum species are represented in blue and red, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula

Fig. 2. The phylogenomic relationship of Taraxacum species based on chloroplast (CP) and 45S rDNA. The phylogenetic position of each species was analyzed using 74 protein coding sequences from the CP genomes and 45S rDNA transcription unit sequences, along with previously reported CP sequences and 45S rDNA (Genbank accession number: MT003979) of Artemisia fukudo (Asteraceae) (Whitehead and Bowers, 2013).

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Fig. 5. A in Assessing specialized metabolite diversity of Alnus species by a digitized LC-MS/MS data analysis workflow

Fig. 5. A boxplot showing the ion intensities of MS/MS feature 10 (gallic acid) in extracts which were active (IC50 <30 μg/mL) and inactive against α-glucosidase.

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Fig. 4 in Assessing specialized metabolite diversity of Alnus species by a digitized LC-MS/MS data analysis workflow

Fig. 4. Discrimination of the analyzed Alnus extracts into chemogroups. The analyzed extracts can be discriminated into three chemogroups by visualizing the CSCS distance metric between samples as PCoA plot (A) and chemical dendrogram (B). On the other hand, conventional methods such as PCA score plot (C) or hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) using the Euclidean distance (D; chemogroups 1–3 are visualized with same colors used in B to make it easy to be compared) could not discriminate the samples into the same chemotypes. By mapping the chemogrouping of samples on the molecular network, it could be visualized that the three chemogroups were rich in diarylheptanoid, flavonoid, and tannins, respectively (E). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)