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Figure 11 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). F, G, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 8 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 3. Terminology followed for the precaudal vertebrae (for the use of this word in the present work, see the Terminology section). Trunk vertebra of Lissotriton vulgaris in anterior (A), dorsal (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations (newly introduced term is in quotes): avc, anterior ventral crest; azc, anterior zygapophyseal crest; con, condyle; cot, cotyle; dia, diapophysis; fsn, foramen of the spinal nerve; 'idor, incisura dorsalis'; ivca, incisura vertebralis caudalis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ncr, neural crest; par, parapophysis; postz, postzygapophyses; prez, prezygapophyses; pvc, posterior ventral crest; pzc, posterior zygapophyseal crest; vc, vertebral centrum; vl, ventral lamina. Notice that in this specimen, the neural spine is absent. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 7 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 2. Terminology followed for the atlas. Atlas of Ichthyosaura alpestris in anterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cot, cotyle; fsn, foramen of the first spinal nerve; infcr, inferior crests; ivca, incisura vertebralis caudalis; ivcr, incisura vertebralis cranialis; lcr, lateral crest; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ncr, neural crest; odpr, odontoid process; oj, occipital joints; postz, postzygapophyses; scr, secondary crest. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 5 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae. A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 6 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 4 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 1. Terminology followed for the otic–occipitum complex. A–F in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 1. Terminology followed for the otic–occipitum complex. A–F, left otic–occipitum complex of Salamandra salamandra from left to right in dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. G–L, right otic–occipitum complex of Lissotriton vulgaris from left to right in dorsal, ventral, anterior and lateral views. Abbreviations (newly introduced terms are in quotes): 'acav, auditory cavity'; bco, basicapsular commissure; bpr, processus basalis; crr, crista retrosellaris; fba, fenestra basicranialis posterioris; fend, foramen endolymphaticum; ffa, foramen faciale; fo, fenestra ovalis; fper, foramen perylimphaticum; fpo, foramen postoticum; fpro, foramen prooticum; hco, hypochordal commissure; 'lts, lamina of the tectum synoticum'; 'mcr, medial crest'; 'md, middle depression'; occ, occipital cotyle; otpr, otic process; pan, prominentia semicircularis anterioris; par, parietal crest; pcr, parotic crest; pla, prominentia semicircularis lateralis; ppr, parotic process; pps, prominentia semicircularis posterioris; preco, prefacial commissure; spe, sulcus petrosus; sulc, sulcus carotis; tsyn, tectum synoticum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

dryad32/100

Black-tailed Godwit abundancies across key European breeding habitats

The endangered continental Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa limosa) is a migratory ground-nesting wader breeding in a wide variety of open, wet habitats across Europe. Conservation research has concentrated on the causes of population decline, but we know surprisingly little about whether any resources limit local breeding populations and, if so, whether these are resources for the adults or the chicks. We collected data from 63 key breeding sites in five countries across Europe to test whether, after correcting for differences in surveyed areas, the size of Godwit breeding populations was related to environmental variables (vegetation biomass, soil moisture) or food resources for adult birds (soil invertebrates) or chicks (vegetation dwelling arthropods) measured during different times of the reproductive cycle. We found the number of Godwit territories to be positively related to arthropod abundance during the chick-hatching period. We found additional, weaker support for a positive relation between Godwit territory numbers and the abundance of soil-dwelling invertebrates (mostly earthworms) at clutch laying, but not at chick-hatching. These relationships were observed across countries, while we found little support for relationships within countries, possibly due to the smaller range in conditions that exist within countries. Both vegetation growth and soil moisture weren't related to Godwit territory numbers. Our results suggest that food abundance for chicks, and to a lesser extent adult birds, are key factors determining the size of local Godwit breeding populations. Conservation management aiming to enhance local Godwit populations should therefore consider the impacts of management strategies on the arthropod prey of chicks.

Clinical Study Reports published by the European Medicines Agency 2016-2018

Clinical Study Reports published by the European Medicines Agency 2016-2018

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

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Data set from: Phylogenetic structure of alien plant species pools from European donor habitats

Aim. Many plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We tested whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that have naturalized outside Europe (habitat's donor role) and whether the donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than expected by chance. Location. Europe (native range), the rest of the World (invaded range). Time period. Last c. 100 years. Major taxa studied. Angiospermae. Methods. We selected 33 habitats in Europe and analyzed their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b) subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitats' donor role. Results. Habitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less human-influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats. Main conclusions. European human-influenced habitats donate closely related species that often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded range. However, in most cases, the naturalized species donated are phylogenetically random subsets of the donor habitats' species pools. Aim. Many plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We tested whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that have naturalized outside Europe (habitat's donor role) and whether the donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than expected by chance. Location. Europe (native range), the rest of the World (invaded range). Time period. Last c. 100 years. Major taxa studied. Angiospermae. Methods. We selected 33 habitats in Europe and analyzed their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b) subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitats' donor role. Results. Habitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less human-influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats. Main conclusions. European human-influenced habitats donate closely related species that often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded range. However, in most cases, the naturalized species donated are phylogenetically random subsets of the donor habitats' species pools.

European Commission - 2023 foresight report on raw materials and strategic supply chains

This dataset contains the results of the material demand scenarios for strategic technologies developed in the following report by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) in partnership with DG GROW: Carrara, S., Bobba, S., Blagoeva, D., Alves Dias, P., Cavalli, A., Georgitzikis, K., Grohol, M., Itul, A., Kuzov, T., Latunussa, C., Lyons, L., Malano, G., Maury, T., Prior Arce, Á., Somers, J., Telsnig, T., Veeh, C., Wittmer, D., Black, C., Pennington, D., Christou, M., Supply chain analysis and material demand forecast in strategic technologies and sectors in the EU – A foresight study, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2023, doi:10.2760/386650, JRC132889 The material demand scenarios are complemented with information on the current global supply for the relevant materials. The report can be downloaded at the following link: <a href="https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC132889">https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC132889</a>

Data from: General patterns of beavers' selective foraging: How to evaluate the effects of a re-emerging driver of vegetation change along Central European small watercourses

This Excel table contains information about the woody plant supply and its utilization by the Eurasian beaver at 11 study sites along small watercourses located in Hungary. The following data are provided about each woody plant unit (trunk or branch): taxon group, genus, diameter class, and type of utilization. Two taxon groups were differentiated: softwood species (Salix and Populus spp.) and other species. The units were categorized into six diameter classes (d1-d6). Thin branches with a diameter of 0.8–4.9 cm were classified into the first one (d1), and five more diameter classes (d2–d6) were defined using Jenks natural breaks method: d2 – 5–9 cm, d3 – 10–18 cm, d4 – 19–32 cm, d5 – 33–54 cm, d6 – 55–146 cm. Three types of utilization were defined: cutting, carving, and debarking. We refer to trunks and branches not utilized by beavers as intact units. We also distinguished between fresh and old signs of utilization. In addition, a fresh dataset was defined, which consists of intact units, units with fresh signs of utilization, and formerly beaver-harmed but living trees.

Replication package for the article "Who chooses fast-track programs in mathematics? The role of class origin, ethnicity, and gender among Norwegian lower-secondary students", submitted to European Societies.

This file contains a replication package for the article "Who chooses fast-track programs in mathematics? The role of class origin, ethnicity, and gender among Norwegian lower-secondary students", submitted to European Societies **************************************************************************************************************************************** The analyses in this article are of secondary data from Norwegian state registers. We analyzed the data with concession from The Norwegian Data Protection Authority, and under the auspices of a confidentiality agreement with Statistics Norway. All direct identifiers were stripped from the file prior to analysis. Data were handled in such a way as to protect individual’s privacy and confidentiality. This included storing these data on a secure Research Computing server and requiring each researcher working with the data to sign a confidentiality affidavit. Other parties may not access the data because it would violate the concession given by The Norwegian Data Protection Authority, and the confidentiality agreement with Statistics Norway. This prevents us from uploading the data to a public repository.  Researchers may apply to get access to such data, and the procedure one needs to follow is described at Statistics Norway’s webpage:  https://www.ssb.no/en/data-til-forskning/utlan-av-data-til-forskere

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Central European Grid Frequency data in Open-ENF .fredb format

This file contains the Central European Wide Area Grid frequency for each second betwen 31st Dec 2009 23:00 UTC and 31st Dec 2020 23:00

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

FIG. 1 in How do young bats find suitable swarming and hibernation sites? Assessing the plausibility of the maternal guidance hypothesis using genetic maternity assignment for two European bat species

FIG. 1. Left — drawing of 'Brunnen Meyer'; right — photo of the western side of the 'Brunnen Meyer' well house with window where bats enter

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

FIG. 2 in How do young bats find suitable swarming and hibernation sites? Assessing the plausibility of the maternal guidance hypothesis using genetic maternity assignment for two European bat species

FIG. 2. Simulation (10,000 iterations) of how often mother-offspring pairs are expected to arrive on the same night by chance for M. daubentonii (top) and M. nattereri (bottom); the observed number of pairs arriving on the same night is denoted by the arrow

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Data from: Exploring the impact of read clustering thresholds on RADseq-based systematics: an empirical example from European amphibians.

This repository contains genetic sequences obtained from Hybrid-Enrichment and RAD sequencing protocols of the amphibian genera Discoglossus, Lissotriton, Rana and Triturus, as well as phylogenetic trees inferred from the RADseq data. This data was generated for the manuscript "Exploring the impact of read clustering thresholds on RADseq-based systematics: an empirical example from European amphibians.", in which we tested the influence of the clustering threshold used to assemble RADseq data on downstream phylogenetic inferences. Details on the data generation and analyses can be found in the manuscript and related supplementary materials. The repository is organised as follow: -> Hybrid-Enrichment: alignments of the Hybrid-Enrichment markers in phylip/fasta format (with one subdirectory for each of the four datasets assembled: Discoglossus, Lissotriton, Rana, Triturus) --> RADseq: Assemblies and phylogenetic trees obtained from a RADseq protocol     --> Assemblies: RADseq assemblies (complete loci sequences and SNP matrices, spreadsheets with assembly metrics). Divided into "iCT" (assemblies produced with 23 different intra-sample Clustering Threshold [iCT] and a fixed between-samples Clustering Threshold [bCT]) and "bCT" (assemblies produced with a fixed iCT and 23 different bCT). Both iCT and bCT are further divided in four sub-directories corresponding to the four datasets: Discoglossus, Lissotriton, Rana, Triturus)     --> Trees: Phylogenetic trees inferred from the aforementionned assemblies. Divided into "iCT" (RAxML concatenation trees inferred from the assemblies with different iCTs) and "bCT" (RAxML concatenation trees and Tetrad species trees inferred from the assemblies with different bCTs).