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FIGURE 39 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURE 39. Hygrobates pilosus sp. nov., holotype male, ventral view of idiosoma; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 40–48 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 40–48. Hygrobates pilosus sp. nov., holotype male, Fig. 40. genital skeleton in anterior view, Fig. 41. I-leg, left, Fig. 42. II-leg, left, Fig. 43. III-leg, left, Fig. 44. IV-leg, left, Fig. 45. right chelicera in lateral view, Fig. 46. left chelicera in medial view, Fig. 47. left palp in medial view, Fig. 48. right palp in lateral view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 31–38 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 31–38. Hygrobates robustipalpis sp. nov., paratype female, Fig. 31. I-leg, left, Fig. 32. II-leg, left, Fig. 33. III-leg, left, Fig. 34. IV-leg, left, Fig. 35. left chelicera in medial view, Fig. 36. right chelicera in lateral view, Fig. 37. right palp in medial view, Fig. 38. left palp in lateral view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURE 30 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURE 30. Hygrobates robustipalpis sp. nov., paratype female, ventral view of idiosoma; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 22–29 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 22–29. Hygrobates robustipalpis sp. nov., holotype male, Fig. 22. I-leg, right, Fig. 23. II-leg, right, Fig. 24. III-leg, right, Fig. 25. IV-leg, right, Fig. 26. left chelicera in lateral view, Fig. 27. right chelicera in medial view, Fig. 28. left palp in medial view, Fig. 29. right palp in lateral view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 12–19 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 12–19. Hygrobates intermedius sp. nov., paratype female, Fig. 12. I-leg, right, Fig. 13. II-leg, right, Fig. 14. III-leg, right, Fig. 15. IV-leg, right, Fig. 16. left chelicera in lateral view, Fig. 17. right chelicera in medial view, Fig. 18. left palp in lateral view, Fig. 19. right palp in medial view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURE 11 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURE 11 Hygrobates intermedius sp. nov., paratype female, ventral view of idiosoma; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 20–21 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 20–21. Hygrobates robustipalpis sp. nov., holotype male, Fig. 20. ventral view of idiosoma, Fig. 21. genital skeleton in anterior view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 3–10 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 3–10. Hygrobates intermedius sp. nov., holotype male, Fig. 3. I-leg, left, Fig. 4. II-leg, left, Fig. 5. III-leg, left, Fig. 6. IV-leg, left, Fig. 7. left chelicera in medial view, Fig. 8. right chelicera in lateral view, Fig. 9. left palp in medial view, Fig. 10. right palp in lateral view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURES 1–2 in Description of three new water mite species of Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011) (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), parasitic in newts of the genera Paramesotriton and Pachytriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from China

FIGURES 1–2. Hygrobates intermedius sp. nov., holotype male, Fig. 1. ventral view of idiosoma, Fig. 2. genital skeleton in anterior view; scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURE 10 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 10. Austinixa felipensis; male, cw 12.3 mm (ULLZ 5556); from San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico. A, carapace, chelipeds, and right ambulatory appendages, dorsal; B, carapace frontal region, from anterior; C. third maxilliped, external; D, right chela, internal; E, right cheliped, external; F, left cheliped internal; G, left cheliped external; H, right pereopod 2, dorsal; I, right pereopod 3, dorsal; J, right pereopod 4, dorsal; K, right pereopod 5, dorsal. Scale bars = 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 12. Austinixa artankeri sp. nov.; A, male, cw 8.9 mm, Panama Caribbean (UF 18950, photograph from A. Anker); B, ovigerous female, cw 6.8 mm, Panama Caribbean (ULLZ 13336); C, female, Panama Caribbean (ULLZ 13334). Austinixa roblesi sp. nov.; D, male, cw 9.2 mm, Belize (ULLZ 12114); E, ovigerous female, cw 7.8 mm, Panama Caribbean (ULLZ 13335); F, ovigerous female, cw 11.1 mm, Belize (ULLZ 12114). Austinixa cuestai sp. nov.; G, male, cw 7.7 mm, Panama Pacific (USNM1552956); H, male, cw 11.1 mm, Panama Pacific (USNM 1552956); I, female, cw 8.5 mm, Panama Pacific (USNM 1552957); J, ovigerous female, cw 10.7 mm, Panama Pacific (USNM 1552958) (photographs from J. Scioli).

FIGURE 8 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 8. Austinixa roblesi sp. nov.; A, B, D–G, male paratype, cw 9.0 mm (USNM 1558340); C, H, I, male holotype, cw 9.9 mm (USNM 1558341); both from Dangriga, Belize. A, carapace, chelipeds, and right ambulatory appendages, dorsal; B, carapace frontal region, from anterior; C. third maxilliped, external; D, right chela, internal, setae not shown; E, right pereopod 4, dorsal; F, right pereopod 5, dorsal; G, male pleon; H, left first gonopod tip, pleonal surface; I left first gonopod tip, sternal surface. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 4. Austinixa artankeri sp. nov.; male holotype, cw 7.6 mm (USNM 1558334), Bocas del Toro, Caribbean coast of Panama. A, carapace and right appendages, dorsal; B, carapace frontal region, from anterior; C, left third maxilliped, external; D, right chela, internal; E, right pereopod 2, dorsal; F, right pereopod 3, dorsal; G, right pereopod 4, dorsal; H, right pereopod 4 setae not shown, dorsal; I, right pereopod 4, ventral; J. right pereopod 5, dorsal. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 7. Austinixa cuestai sp. nov.; A–C, male paratype, cw 8.3 mm (ULLZ 5566); D–F ovigerous female paratype, cw 8.3 mm (ULLZ 5566); both from Nagualapa, Pacific coast of Nicaragua. A, male pleon; B, left first gonopod, sternal surface; C, left first gonopod tip, pleonal surface; D, right cheliped, internal; E, right cheliped, external; F, female pleon. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A, B, D–F), 0.5 mm (C).

FIGURE 11 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 11. Austinixa felipensis; A–C, male, cw 12.3 mm (ULLZ 5556); D–F, female cw 10.6 mm, both from San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico. A, male pleon; B, right first gonopod, sternal surface; C, right first gonopod tip, pleonal surface; D, left chela, external; E, left chela, internal. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A, B, D–F), 0.5 mm (C).

FIGURE 9 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 9. Austinixa roblesi sp. nov.; A–D, ovigerous female paratype, cw 9.8 mm (USNM 1558340); E, ovigerous female paratype, cw 9.4 mm (ULLZ 12115); F, female paratype, cw 6.6 mm (ULLZ 13143); all from Dangriga, Belize. A, carapace, dorsal; B, enlarged right side of carapace, dorsal; C, carapace frontal region, from anterior; D, right chela, internal; E, left chela, dorsal, F, female pleon. Scale bars = 1.5 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B–F).

FIGURE 5 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 5. Austinixa artankeri sp. nov.; A, male paratype, cw 7.3 mm (UF 18916); B, male paratype, cw 8.5 mm (ULLZ 13732); C, D, male paratype, cw 6.2 mm (ULLZ 13731); E, ovigerous female paratype, cw 8.5 mm (UF 18928); F, female paratype, cw 8.8 mm (UF 18950); G, ovigerous female paratype, cw 9.0 mm (USNM 1558331); H, ovigerous female paratype, cw 5.8 mm (ULLZ 13644), all from Bocas del Toro, Caribbean coast of Panama. A, right chela, internal, setae not shown; B, male pleon; C, D, left first gonopod, pleonal surface, entire and enlarged tip; E, right chela, internal, setae not shown; left chela, internal, setae not shown. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A, B, E–H), 0.5 mm (C), 0.25 mm (D).

FIGURE 3 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 3. Distribution of the species of Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997. In most cases, latitudinal ranges are shown. For A. cristata, the latitudinal range shown corresponds to the distribution on the Atlantic coast only. Specific locations are shown for records of A. cristata in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as for A. bragantina and three undescribed species (symbols as shown in legend). Only A. bragantina and A. leptodactyla were not included in the present phylogenetic analyses.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny of the genus Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of Austinixa felipensis (Glassell, 1935) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of Pinnotheroidea, with emphasis on Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, inferred from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated 1415 bp sequence of mitochondrial 16S/tRNA-Leu/NADH1 complex (705 bp), the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (293 bp) and nuclear histone 3 subunit (328 bp). Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap, Bayesian (BAY) posterior probabilities and maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap values are shown, in order ML/BAY/MP. "–" indicates a value lower than 50%. When all three values are the same, only one number is shown. If values are lower than 50% for all three, no number is shown. Letters and collection accession numbers follow the species name, to distinguish geographic origin and samples (see Material and methods for abbreviations). Modified from Palacios Theil et al. (2016) and generic assignments of some species of Pinnixa updated according to Palacios Theil & Felder (2020)