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22,710 results for “Plants for planting”
Soil phosphorus:E120 - Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Plant above and belowground biomass across an N fertilization gradient after 13 years of fertilization:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Net ecosystem exchange measurements throughout the 2020 growing season across an N fertilization gradient:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Presence, abundance, and environmental data from 1996 on Celastrus orbiculatus and other exotic plant species in the southern Appalachians, USA
A variety of abiotic, biotic, human and historic variables related to environmental suitability and propagule pressure determine the distribution of invasive plants in a landscape. Understanding the role of these variables for invasive species is challenging because environmental variables are often correlated, many invaders have broad ecological niches, and invasive distributions are often highly dynamic. The researchers examined the role of environmental variables at multiple spatial scales on the distribution of an invasive vine Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) and other exotic plant species in the southern Appalachians, USA. Data were collected in the Southern Blue Ridge Province of the southern Appalachian Mountains in western North Carolina, USA. This data set includes data on elevation, environmental disturbance, and the presence and abundance of various plant species. The researchers extracted presence and absence data from various sources, including the National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service survey data (NPS/USFS) and Southern Appalachian Volunteer Environmental Monitoring data (SAVEM) (Albright et al. 2009).
Post-burn study of woody plants at Jacobs Branch and Devil`s Den burn sites in 1991,1992, and 1994
Recent declines in the yellow pine component of pine-hardwood stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains has prompted managers to increase the use of fire as a silviculture tool. The fell and burn treatment is designed to remove competing vegetation (hardwoods and mountain laurel [Kalmia latifolia]) to ensure successful establishment of planted eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Two years after burning, mountain laurel had accumulated more biomass than any other species and accounted for 43% of total biomass in year 1 and 20% in year 2. By year 4, mountain laurel ranked fifth (8.9% of total) in total biomass among hardwood species behind Allegheny serviceberry (Amalanchier arborea, 14.3%), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, 13.7%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 12.4%), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea, 9.3%). Across sites, woody species richness ranged from 19-24 in year 1 and 14-22 in year 4. Species richness varied across sites and years, and there were substantial changes in the distribution of biomass among species. The introduction of fire allowed the once dominant pitch pine (P. rigida) to successfully reestablish. On sites, pine accounted for 25% of pretreatment stem density, but <1% and 2% in the first and fourth growing seasons after burning, respectively. However; in year 1, pines had increased in density 20-fold compared to pretreatment levels, and by year 4, had maintained a 17-fold increase compared to pretreatment. The use of fire in forest management has been the subject of considerable criticism. In light of current public concerns over the loss of critical or unique habitats, fire may gain public support for use as a restoration tool.
Post-burn study of woody plants at Devils Den burn site, 1991-1992
Recent declines in the yellow pine component of pine-hardwood stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains has prompted managers to increase the use of fire as a silviculture tool. The fell and burn treatment is designed to remove competing vegetation (hardwoods and mountain laurel [Kalmia latifolia]) to ensure successful establishment of planted eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Two years after burning, mountain laurel had accumulated more biomass than any other species and accounted for 43% of total biomass in year 1 and 20% in year 2. By year 4, mountain laurel ranked fifth (8.9% of total) in total biomass among hardwood species behind Allegheny serviceberry (Amalanchier arborea, 14.3%), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, 13.7%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 12.4%), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea, 9.3%). Across sites, woody species richness ranged from 19-24 in year 1 and 14-22 in year 4. Species richness varied across sites and years, and there were substantial changes in the distribution of biomass among species. The introduction of fire allowed the once dominant pitch pine (P. rigida) to successfully reestablish. On sites, pine accounted for 25% of pretreatment stem density, but <1% and 2% in the first and fourth growing seasons after burning, respectively. However, in year 1, pines had increased in density 20-fold compared to pretreatment levels, and by year 4, had maintained a 17-fold increase compared to pretreatment. The use of fire in forest management has been the subject of considerable criticism. In light of current public concerns over the loss of critical or unique habitats, fire may gain public support for use as a restoration tool.
Post-burn study of woody plants at Jacobs Branch West burn site, 1991-1992
Recent declines in the yellow pine component of pine-hardwood stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains has prompted managers to increase the use of fire as a silviculture tool. The fell and burn treatment is designed to remove competing vegetation (hardwoods and mountain laurel [Kalmia latifolia]) to ensure successful establishment of planted eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Two years after burning, mountain laurel had accumulated more biomass than any other species and accounted for 43% of total biomass in year 1 and 20% in year 2. By year 4, mountain laurel ranked fifth (8.9% of total) in total biomass among hardwood species behind Allegheny serviceberry (Amalanchier arborea, 14.3%), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, 13.7%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 12.4%), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea, 9.3%). Across sites, woody species richness ranged from 19-24 in year 1 and 14-22 in year 4. Species richness varied across sites and years, and there were substantial changes in the distribution of biomass among species. The introduction of fire allowed the once dominant pitch pine (P. rigida) to successfully reestablish. On sites, pine accounted for 25% of pretreatment stem density, but <1% and 2% in the first and fourth growing seasons after burning, respectively. However; in year 1, pines had increased in density 20-fold compared to pretreatment levels, and by year 4, had maintained a 17-fold increase compared to pretreatment. The use of fire in forest management has been the subject of considerable criticism. In light of current public concerns over the loss of critical or unique habitats, fire may gain public support for use as a restoration tool.
Post-burn study of woody plants at the Jacobs Branch West burn site, 1994
Recent declines in the yellow pine component of pine-hardwood stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains has prompted managers to increase the use of fire as a silviculture tool. The fell and burn treatment is designed to remove competing vegetation (hardwoods and mountain laurel [Kalmia latifolia]) to ensure successful establishment of planted eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Two years after burning, mountain laurel had accumulated more biomass than any other species and accounted for 43% of total biomass in year 1 and 20% in year 2. By year 4, mountain laurel ranked fifth (8.9% of total) in total biomass among hardwood species behind Allegheny serviceberry (Amalanchier arborea, 14.3%), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, 13.7%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 12.4%), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea, 9.3%). Across sites, woody species richness ranged from 19-24 in year 1 and 14-22 in year 4. Species richness varied across sites and years, and there were substantial changes in the distribution of biomass among species. The introduction of fire allowed the once dominant pitch pine (P. rigida) to successfully reestablish.
The effects of land-use history and the contemporary landscape on non-native plant invasion at local and regional scales in the French Broad Watersheds, 2007
Determining what factors explain the distribution of non-native invasive plants that can spread in forest-dominated landscapes could advance understanding of the invasion process and identify forest areas most susceptible to invasion. The researchers conducted roadside surveys to determine the presence and abundance of 15 non-native plant species known to invade forests in western North Carolina, USA. Prior to sampling, the researchers identified 15 non-native invasive plant species that were of concern in the study region. Generalized linear models were used to examine how contemporary and historic land use, landscape context, and topography influenced presence and abundance of the species at local and regional scales.
Measures of plant performance for 4 species of forest herbs in the French Broad Watershed, 2009-2011
We used empirical measurements collected over three years to compare plant performance indicators for understory herbs across an elevation gradient (used as a proxy for temperature) in old (logged > 100 years ago) and young (20-40 years post-harvest) forested stands in the Southern Appalachians, USA. Specifically, we asked (1) how do stand age and temperature affect performance of four species of forest herbs in natural populations, and (2) do these effects vary across years with different precipitation patterns?
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: soil, litter, plant and microbial attributes on mycorrhizae litter decomposition plots
Studies show mycorrhizal fungi can influence leaf litter decomposition in a variety of ways, but the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi on litter decay in forests vary widely across published reports. We experimentally reduced the presence of fine roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi by soil trenching within a series of plots spanning a gradient of mycorrhizal dominance containing from 96% AM to 100% ECM-associated trees at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH. We incubated four species of leaf litter in mesh decomposition bags in areas with reduced access to roots and mycorrhizal fungi and in adjacent areas with intact roots and mycorrhizal fungi. After 608 days of decomposition (November 2017 through July 2019), we found that litter decayed more rapidly in the presence of fine roots and mycorrhizal hyphae in all plots, regardless of dominant tree mycorrhizal type. Root and mycorrhizal exclusion did not affect enzyme activities on decomposing litter or soil microbial community composition. Despite reports that both AM and ECM fungi may reduce litter decay rate, our results indicate that AM and ECM-associated fine roots stimulate litter decomposition.
Canopy cover for 9 perennial plant taxa across grazed/ungrazed fencelines at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1982-ongoing
This ongoing data set contains percent canopy cover estimates of 6 perennial plant species and 3 genera from transects that cross a grazed/ungrazed boundary fenceline of a single exclosure on the New Mexico State University Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. In the spring of 1982, as part of the establishment of the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research site in southern New Mexico, a 135 ha portion of a 1500 ha, internally drained, watershed was exclosed from grazing by domestic livestock. Prior to exclosure the watershed, as well as the rest of the Jornada basin, had been moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. Concurrent with grazing, the vegetation had undergone a dramatic change from desert grassland, with an almost continuous cover of C4 perennial grasses, to isolated patches of the original grassland in a mosaic with desert shrub dominated plant communities (Buffington and Herbel, 1965). The exclosure lies along a northeast facing piedmont slope at the base of a steep isolated mountain peak, and covers a variety of component landforms from the foot of the mountain to the basin floor. This provided the opportunity to investigate the response of vegetation with respect to landscape characteristics as well as release from grazing. This data set is limited to 6 perennial species and 3 genera because of the limited taxonomic resolution of the initial sampling in 1982. See data package knb-lter-jrn.210120001 for a dataset that contains all perennial species encountered but begins in 1986 instead of 1982. Sampling occurs approximately every five years; it was last conducted in November 2015 and will take place again in 2020.
Plant diverity and richness metrics across inter-annual precipitation variability treatments at a grassland site in the Jornada Basin, 2009-2014
This ongoing dataset contains metrics of plant diversity, evenness, and richness from a study at the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in southern New Mexico. The study was designed to assess the effect of interannual variability in precipitation on average aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. The study began in 2009, has five precipitation treatments (see Methods) and contains 50 plots (10 per treatment). This data package contains 6-year (2009 to 2014) means of metrics per plot. Annual and more recent data are available and will be released pending an upcoming publication.
Vascular Plant Species of the Jornada Basin, 1982-2018
This dataset contains a list of vascular plant species found in the Jornada Basin, an area at the southern end of the Jornada del Muerto in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA, bordered by the Rio Grande on the west and the San Andres Mountains on the east. The area encompases the Jornada Basin LTER, Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center of New Mexico State University, and the plains and bajadas (but not foothills and mountains) of the USDA Jornada Experimental Range. Taxonomy follows Allred, Kelly A. 2012. Flora Neomexican I: Annotated Checklist, 2nd edition and is cross-referenced to the taxonomy maintained by the Jornada Basin LTER (see Methods and Additional Information) as well as species codes to the USDA PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov). More information is provided for species encountered in Jornada Basin LTER core datasets.
Plant biomass collection on the Biodiversity Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2001 to 2011)
Dataset Abstract The biodiversity gradient experiment is an additional long-term study located within the LTER Main Site complex, in which a series of 21 different experimental treatments vary in plant species diversity. Treatments range from bare soil to single-crop rotations to multiple-crop rotations to annually fallowed fields with early successional plant communities. Plant species richness thus varies from 0 to >15 in any given 3-year rotation cycle. Treatment plots are 9.1×27.4 meters (30×90 feet) replicated in each of 4 randomized blocks. The study site was established in 2000. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/112
N and P fertilization experiment plant species composition and diversity data for South of saddle, 1990 - 2000.
The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen+phosphorus fertilization on alpine plant species composition and diversity in a dry and a wet meadow community were examined. A point-quadrat system was used to estimate the cover frequencies for each species in plots in the 2 communities on the south slope of Niwot Ridge. Treatments were N, P, N+P, and control. Observations were made once per year per plot over a period of several years. Diversity (Shannon-Weaver) indices were also calculated.
Warming and snow experiment plant species composition data for Saddle snowfence, 1993 - 2000.
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a consortium of research sites seeking to understand the response of tundra plant populations to changes in growing season temperatures through a simple temperature manipulation and transplant experiment. The research goal is to examine the phenologic and reproductive responses of a set of species to experimentally-induced warming at a network of sites. The ITEX design is hierarchical, with sites participating at whatever level they are able. At the minimum, participation in ITEX requires climate monitoring (using the LTER MSR standards), a temperature manipulation using one of three possible designs, and monitoring phenologic and reproductive variables for at least one designated ITEX species or two other species. The temperature manipulation is achieved through use of conical or hexagonal open-top chambers of solar fiberglass, which have been shown to increase the air temperature at the surface approximately 3 degrees C. ITEX studies at Niwot Ridge, a logical outgrowth of the long-term phenology studies there, uses a factorial design based around the long-term snowfence experiment. Twenty cones are placed behind the snowfence, distributed at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m from the fence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. Beginning with the 1995 season, 24 additional plots were implemented outside of the snowfence influence. Twelve cones are distributed beyond both the north and south edges of the snowfence area, at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m behind the line of the snowfence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. This results in the following treatments: increased winter snow, increased summer temperature, increased snow and increased temperature, and control. Key phenologic, growth, and reproductive traits are being followed on marked individuals of Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and Bistorta (Polygonum) bistortoides, and complete species composition is being monitored. The point-quadrat technique used was identical to that d
Plant colonization of moss-dominated soils in the alpine: Microbial and biogeochemical implications
A major impact of global climate change is the decline of mosses and lichens and their replacement by vascular plants. Although we assume this decline will greatly affect ecosystem functioning, particularly in alpine and arctic areas where cryptogams make a substantial amount of biomass, the effects of this change in vegetation on soil microbial communities remains unknown. We asked whether changes in bacterial community composition and enzyme ratios were consistent across two sites in moss versus vascular plant dominated areas. Using data from treeline and subnival ecosystems, we compared bacterial community composition, enzyme activity, and soil chemistry in moss dominated and vascular plant dominated plots of two unique alpine environments. Further, we used a time series to examine plots that actively transitioned from moss dominated to vascular plant dominated over a seven-year time period. Bacterial community composition in the soils under these two vegetation covers was significantly different in both environments and changed over time due to plant colonization. Microbial activity was limited by carbon and phosphorus in all plots and there were no differences in BG:AP enzyme ratios; however, there were significantly higher NAG:AP and BG:AP ratios in vascular plant plots at one site, suggesting the potential for shifts toward microbial N acquisition in vascular plant dominated areas in the alpine. As vascular plants replace mosses under warming conditions, bacterial community composition and nutrient availability shift in ways that may result in changes to biogeochemical cycling and biotic interactions in these vulnerable ecosystems.
Year 2000, Plant species present along vegetation transects off the marsh on Middle Rd, Newbury, MA. Near Thurlow's Bridge and Governor's Academy.
This study was conducted in the Fall of 2000, by Governor's Academy high school science class students with their teacher Susan Olezsko-Zsuts to look at the annual presence and absence of marsh plants in the tidal marsh near the Governor's Academy school campus. The marsh is brackish and is located off Middle Road in Newbury , MA , near Thurlow's Bridge.
Year 2002, Plant species present along vegetation transects off the marsh on Middle Rd, Newbury, MA. Near Thurlow's Bridge and Governor's Academy.
This study was conducted in the Fall of 2002, by Governor's Academy high school science class students with their teacher Susan Olezsko-Zsuts to look at the annual presence and absence of marsh plants in the tidal marsh near the Governor's Academy school campus. The marsh is brackish and is located off Middle Road in Newbury , MA , near Thurlow's Bridge.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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