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Distribution. Mostly in E New Guinea with one record in West Papua Province and one record each from Salawati and New Ireland Is; possibly on New Britain and SudestIs; there was a recent acoustic record from Manus I that probably is a member of this species complex, but this needs confirmation with a specimen, and the species is most likely widespread in W New Guinea. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Mostly in E New Guinea with one record in West Papua Province and one record each from Salawati and New Ireland Is; possibly on New Britain and SudestIs; there was a recent acoustic record from Manus I that probably is a member of this species complex, but this needs confirmation with a specimen, and the species is most likely widespread in W New Guinea.

Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed.

Distribution. Recorded from three localities in W & C Ethiopia (Beko River, Yamboshi River, and Chercher Mts) and three localities in W Kenya (Marsabit Lake, Mt Gargues, and Ngong); there is an apparent record from Tana Lake in NW Ethiopia, but it does not seem to represent this species (most likely P. hesperidus hesperidus). in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Recorded from three localities in W & C Ethiopia (Beko River, Yamboshi River, and Chercher Mts) and three localities in W Kenya (Marsabit Lake, Mt Gargues, and Ngong); there is an apparent record from Tana Lake in NW Ethiopia, but it does not seem to represent this species (most likely P. hesperidus hesperidus).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hesperidusTemminck,1840—EAfricainEritrea,Djibouti,Ethiopia,SWSudan,SouthSudan,andNE&SSomalia. P.h.fuscatusThomas,1901—EAfricainEDRCongo,Uganda,Kenya,Rwanda,Burundi,andTanzania. P. h. subtilis Sundevall, 1846 — S Africa in NC, C & W Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, NC Botswana, E & South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and along the W coast of Madagascar. There are also records on Canary and Cape Verde Is and in W Africa in W & SE Senegal, N Liberia, SE Ivory Coast, SC Burkina Faso, SE Ghana, SW Niger, NC Nigeria, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, although exact placement of these populations among taxa currently recognized under the P. hesperidus species complex is uncertain. A thorough investigation of records of this species is needed. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hesperidusTemminck,1840—EAfricainEritrea,Djibouti,Ethiopia,SWSudan,SouthSudan,andNE&SSomalia. P.h.fuscatusThomas,1901—EAfricainEDRCongo,Uganda,Kenya,Rwanda,Burundi,andTanzania. P. h. subtilis Sundevall, 1846 — S Africa in NC, C & W Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, NC Botswana, E & South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and along the W coast of Madagascar. There are also records on Canary and Cape Verde Is and in W Africa in W & SE Senegal, N Liberia, SE Ivory Coast, SC Burkina Faso, SE Ghana, SW Niger, NC Nigeria, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, although exact placement of these populations among taxa currently recognized under the P. hesperidus species complex is uncertain. A thorough investigation of records of this species is needed.

Distribution. Known only confidently from holotype in NE part of N Peninsula of Sulawesi; there are apparently records from Tolai and Rurukan, N Sulawesi, and two other specimens from Tobelo, N Sulawesi, which are all located near type locality, but all of these specimens need to be reexamined to determine whether or not they truly represent this species. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Known only confidently from holotype in NE part of N Peninsula of Sulawesi; there are apparently records from Tolai and Rurukan, N Sulawesi, and two other specimens from Tobelo, N Sulawesi, which are all located near type locality, but all of these specimens need to be reexamined to determine whether or not they truly represent this species.

Subspecies and Distribution. R.c.cystopsThomas,1903—NAfricafromMoroccotoNileValleyinEgypt,Sudan,andNSouthSudan,alsoinSahelregioninEMali,BurkinaFaso,Niger,andNChad. R. c. arabium Thomas, 1913 — extreme SW Syria, Levant, W Arabia S to Yemen and SE to W Oman (including Socotra I) and Horn of Africa (S Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and N Somalia). Also, in S Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Senegal but probably a separate not yet described species there. in Rhinopomatidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.c.cystopsThomas,1903—NAfricafromMoroccotoNileValleyinEgypt,Sudan,andNSouthSudan,alsoinSahelregioninEMali,BurkinaFaso,Niger,andNChad. R. c. arabium Thomas, 1913 — extreme SW Syria, Levant, W Arabia S to Yemen and SE to W Oman (including Socotra I) and Horn of Africa (S Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and N Somalia). Also, in S Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Senegal but probably a separate not yet described species there.

Distribution. Confirmed from NW Africa, the Sahel, and Nile Valley, E through the Middle East and WArabia to NW& C India (E to E Madhya Pradesh, 80° E); with possible distribution spots in E & SE India (indicated byfour mostlyhistorical records). Reportedly common in Bangladesh (yet disproved by recent reports) and retained on species lists of Myanmar, Thailand, and Sumatra without being supported by anyrecent record. in Rhinopomatidae

Distribution. Confirmed from NW Africa, the Sahel, and Nile Valley, E through the Middle East and WArabia to NW& C India (E to E Madhya Pradesh, 80° E); with possible distribution spots in E & SE India (indicated byfour mostlyhistorical records). Reportedly common in Bangladesh (yet disproved by recent reports) and retained on species lists of Myanmar, Thailand, and Sumatra without being supported by anyrecent record.

FIGURES 15–18. Distribution maps for the Metallactus taeniatellus species group. M in Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 15–18. Distribution maps for the Metallactus taeniatellus species group. M. planipennis (15); M. quadrinus (16); M. superbiens (17); M. taeniatellus (18). Striped squares: two possible (alternative) locations for the type locality of M. planipennis due to the ambiguous report in the original description (see text for further information).

FIGURES 11–14. Distribution maps for the Metallactus taeniatellus species group. M in Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 11–14. Distribution maps for the Metallactus taeniatellus species group. M. cultus (11); M. insitivus (12); M. latiusculus (13); M. multicolor (14). Grey squares: generic localization for specimens briefly labeled as coming from "Venezuela" and "Suriname".

FIGURES 19–20. Distribution maps for the Metallactus taeniatellus species group. M in Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 19–20. Distribution maps for the Metallactus taeniatellus species group. M. geiseri (19); M. uncinatus (20).

Distribution. Presumably found across New Guinea (possibly widespread in N lowlands) and also on Raja Ampat Is (Waigeo and Salawati); distributional limits between this species and the Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (FP. tenax) are uncertain, and thus distribution given here is tentative. in Pteropodidae

Distribution. Presumably found across New Guinea (possibly widespread in N lowlands) and also on Raja Ampat Is (Waigeo and Salawati); distributional limits between this species and the Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (FP. tenax) are uncertain, and thus distribution given here is tentative.

Distribution. Known from two localities in SW Ecuador (El Oro Province); more recently, it has been recorded in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Choco and Valle del Cauca departments), and NW Peru (Tumbes Department). Known distribution is changing as existing specimens from NW South America (listed as S. Lilium parvidens) are reidentified as this species; new geographic and ecological information is being gathered in the process, and it could be locally common at some specific habitats. in Phyllostomidae

Distribution. Known from two localities in SW Ecuador (El Oro Province); more recently, it has been recorded in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Choco and Valle del Cauca departments), and NW Peru (Tumbes Department). Known distribution is changing as existing specimens from NW South America (listed as S. Lilium parvidens) are reidentified as this species; new geographic and ecological information is being gathered in the process, and it could be locally common at some specific habitats.

Distribution. Lowland forests of W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River. Because of abundance of individuals in the C. castanea complex, hampering precise species identification in the field and in collections, a detailed assessment ofits distribution is still needed. in Phyllostomidae

Distribution. Lowland forests of W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River. Because of abundance of individuals in the C. castanea complex, hampering precise species identification in the field and in collections, a detailed assessment ofits distribution is still needed.

FIGURE 3 in Geographical and ecological distribution of native bamboo species in San Luis Potosí, Mexico

FIGURE 3. Ordination of the attributes, based on the botanical collection of native bamboo species in the Huasteca Potosina.

FIGURE 2 in Geographical and ecological distribution of native bamboo species in San Luis Potosí, Mexico

FIGURE 2. Dendrogram of the sub-basins of the Huasteca Potosina classified according to the Jaccard Similarity Index by the presence of native bamboo species.

Distribution. Extent of this species' distribution is not yet known; recorded with certainty in Morocco, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. It is thought to be continuously distributed from Mauritania and Senegal E to South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. However, boundary between this species and the morphologically identical H. coffer is not known in Hipposideridae

Distribution. Extent of this species' distribution is not yet known; recorded with certainty in Morocco, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. It is thought to be continuously distributed from Mauritania and Senegal E to South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. However, boundary between this species and the morphologically identical H. coffer is not known

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic revision of critical taxa of Elwendia (Umbelliferae-Apioideae) from Tajikistan and neighbouring countries, with descriptions of three new species from the Pamir-Alay and distributional novelties

FIGURE 5. Schematic transects of mericarps. A, Elwendia darwasica. B, Elwendia schistosa. C, Elwendia varsobica. D, Elwendia lindbergii. E, Elwendia kuhitangi. F, Elwendia salsa. 1. Exocarp; 2. Vallecular vittae; 3. Vascular bundle; 4. Mesocarp, non-lignified parenchyma cells; 5. Endosperm; 6. Rib secretory ducts; 7. Commissure. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic revision of critical taxa of Elwendia (Umbelliferae-Apioideae) from Tajikistan and neighbouring countries, with descriptions of three new species from the Pamir-Alay and distributional novelties

FIGURE 4. General views of mericarps. A, Elwendia darwasica. B, Elwendia schistosa. C, Elwendia varsobica. D, Elwendia kuhitangi. E, Elwendia salsa. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic revision of critical taxa of Elwendia (Umbelliferae-Apioideae) from Tajikistan and neighbouring countries, with descriptions of three new species from the Pamir-Alay and distributional novelties

FIGURE 2. Elwendia schistosa, holotype (MW barcode MW0595752). Courtesy of the National Depository Bank of Live Systems, Moscow State University.

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic revision of critical taxa of Elwendia (Umbelliferae-Apioideae) from Tajikistan and neighbouring countries, with descriptions of three new species from the Pamir-Alay and distributional novelties

FIGURE 8. Bayesian tree obtained from the analysis of 56 nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of the expected nucleotide substitutions. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated above nodes. New species are shown in bold.