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61 results for “20th century”
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming-I
This data file contains data for changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in snow melt, snow return, and total snow cover duration as modeled with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model for the area north of 50 degrees north latitude around the entire globe for the years 1910-1940. See Euskirchen et al. (2007) for full study details.
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming-II
This data file contains data for changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in snow melt, snow return, and total snow cover duration as modeled with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model for the area north of 50 degrees north latitude around the entire globe for the years 1910-1940. See Euskirchen et al. (2007) for full study details.
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming-III
This data file contains data for the pan-arctic vegetation map depicted in Figure 1 of Euskirchen et al (2007). See Euskirchen et al. (2007) for further details on the construction of this map.
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming-IV
This data file contains data for changes in snow melt, snow return, and total snow cover duration as modeled with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model for the area north of 50 degrees north latitude around the entire globe for the years 1910-1940. See Euskirchen et al. (2007) for full study details.
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming-V
This data file contains data for changes in snow melt, snow return, and total snow cover duration as modeled with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model for the area north of 50 degrees north latitude around the entire globe for the years 1970-2000. See Euskirchen et al. (2007) for full study details.
Model outputs: Vegetation biomass change in China in the 20th century: An assessment based on a combination of multi-model simulations and field observations
<p>This dataset contains six model outputs of vegetation biomass on plant functional type level and total vegetation biomass on grid cell with and without bias-correction in different sensitivity experiments, as described in Readme.txt.</p>
Early 20th Century Grave Marker in Sioux Falls
My first good result with Agisoft Photoscan. The top is a bit off but I think the rest is good. It dates from 1907. It stands at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Sioux Falls, SD. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Makeup Compact (early-mid 20th century)
This makeup compact was found during CAP investigations at the Brody Complex/Emmons Amphitheater. This part of campus was once the East Lansing Dump until the college expanded into this area. The compact is made of a silver metal that is rusting and shows patina. Geometric lines decorate the outside of the compact. On the inside, is a faded mirror on one side and the original applicator and makeup powders on the other. Metal compacts such as these were the norm until the 1960s when plastic disposible compacts became available. Once the makeup was used up in these older metal compacts, replacements could be purchased and stored in the small compartment in the device. For more information on this artifact and others related to cosmetics and beauty at MSU, check oput [Mari Isa's CAP blog post linked here!](http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5504) Photogrammetric model made by Jack A. Biggs. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Nam June Paik - Requiem for the 20th Century
1936 Chrysler Airstream, video, audio, monitors, speakers 1997, this 3D scan 2014 Scanned at: deCordova Sculpture Garden Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pepper Mill (First half of 20th century)
Photogrammetric model of a pepper mill of the early twentieth century. The model has been obtained through meshroom and treated, textured and animated in Blender. The texture combines photogrammetric data with 3d painting. Modelo fotogramétrico de un molinillo de pimientas de principios de siglo XX. El modelo ha sido obtenido mediante meshroom y tratado, texturizado y animado en blender. La textura combina datos fotogramétricos con 3d painting. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Nam June Paik - Requiem for the 20th Century
1936 Chrysler Airstream, video, audio, monitors, speakers 1997, this 3D scan 2014 Scanned at: deCordova Sculpture Garden Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mid 20th century Ashetu
Ashetu, or prestige hat, worn by dignitaries of the Bamun and Bamileke peoples from the Cameroon Grasslands. Created using crocheted cotton with wooden burls intended to reflect the tufted hairstyle worn by elite members of tribes in Cameroon. High-resolution 3D model constructed from collections of the Johnson Museum, Cornell University, using photogrammetry. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Changes in the peatlands use during 20th century in north western Poland (the Tuchola Pinewoods). The density of peatlands in the kilometer grid.
<p>A vector data set in ESRI Shapefile format (EPSG: 2180). </p> <p>The changes in peatland areas were analysed on the basis of 1:100,000 Prussian maps – Karte des Deutschen Reiches – from the years 1876-1879 (11 map sheets) and 1:50,000 Polish topographic maps showing the state of land cover in the years 1966-86</p> <p>The analyses resulted in a map of the density of peatland distribution in the Tuchola Pinewoods in 1879. 744 peatlands were identified in the Tuchola Pinewoods in the late 19th century, totalling 10,762 ha, which constitutes 3.03% of the study area. The smallest marked peatland covered 0.12 ha, while the largest was 792.8 ha. There are 595 items of less than 15 ha, totalling 2,645 ha, while there are only 149 peatlands exceeding 15 ha, but they covered an area of 8,117 ha.</p> <p>Data used in the scientific publication: <em>Natural and anthropogenic factors influencing changes in peatland management in Poland,</em> Szumińska D., Czapiewski S., Sewerniak, P. 2023, Regional Environmental Change, Vol. 23, iss. 1, art. no 5, doi: 10.1007/s10113-022-02001-2</p>
Drought increased since the mid-20th century in the northern South American Altiplano revealed by a 389-year precipitation record
<p>In this study, we develop the first tree-ring based precipitation reconstruction for the northern South American Altiplano back to 1625 CE. We established the significance of our reconstruction by using it to determine that the occurrence rate of extreme dry events together with a shift in mean dry conditions for the late 20th-beginning 21st century is unprecedented in the past 389 years. Our reconstruction provides also valuable information about the ENSO influences in the local precipitation.</p>
Model and observations used for Sigmond, M. et al, 'Large contribution of ozone-depleting substances to global and Arctic warming in the late 20th century", Geophysical Research Letters
<p>This dataset contains all the data used for the study "Large contribution of ozone-depleting substances to global and Arctic warming in the late 20th Century" by Sigmond et al, which was submitted to Geophysical Research Letters on July 26, 2022. It contains the following directories:</p> <p>- AR6: csv data files containing timeseries of Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) as assessed by the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).</p> <p>- CanESM5/DATA_siconc_canesm5_past_[expname] contain timeseries of September Sea Ice Extent (SSIE), where expname=historical (all forcing) or hist-noXXX (as historical, except that XXX is fixed to 1955 values)</p> <p>- CanESM5/DATA_tas_canesm5_past_[expname] contains timeseries of surface air temperature (am_: annual mean, arcam_: Arctic and annual mean, gmam_: Global and annual mean). expname as above </p> <p>- CanESM5/IN_TOA_COUPLED_CanESM5 contain timeseries of the global mean top of atmosphere net raditative flux. his=historical (all forcing) run, rms0056=fixed CFC run, rms0058=fixed CFC+stratospheric ozone run, rms0065: fixed CO2 run, and rms0066=fixed aerosol run.</p> <p>- CanESM5_uncoupled/DATA_rtmt_canesm5_YYYY: contains timeseries of RTMT (top of atmosphere radiative imbalance) in the uncoupled (fixed 1955 SST/SI) CanESM5 simulations. YYYY=fall: historical, faer: fixed aerosols, fco2: fixed CO2, fods: fixed CFC runs</p> <p>- OBSERVATIONS: contains timeseries of observational September Sea Ice Extent and surface air temperature used in the study</p> <p>- data_GSAT+ASAT+ERF+efficacies_2001-2005min1955.txt: contains the most import post-processed data </p> <p>Python code used to create these files from the raw model output are available at https://gitlab.com/michael.sigmond/cfc/</p>
An unprecedented sea ice retreat in the Weddell Sea driving an overall decrease of the Antarctic sea-ice extent over the 20th century
<p>This archive contains the sea-level pressure and sea ice reconstructions in the Antarctic over 1700–2000 CE associated with the following study:</p> <p>Dalaiden, Q., Rezsohazy, J., Goosse, H., Thomas, E.R., Vladimirova, D. O. and Tetzner, D. (2023). An unprecedented sea ice retreat in the Weddell Sea driving an overall decrease of the Antarctic sea-ice extent over the 20th century, Geophysical Research Letters (submitted).</p> <p>Each NetCDF file corresponds to one variable. For each variable, along with the reconstruction, an estimation of the uncertainty is provided. All fields are anomalies relative to the 1961–1990 CE period. The variables included in the archive are:</p> <p>BAS-SIE: Sea-ice extent averaged over the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Sea sector<br> Ross-SIE: Sea-ice extent averaged over the Ross Sea sector<br> Weddell-SIE: Sea-ice extent averaged over the Weddell Sea sector<br> King_Hakon_VII-SIE: Sea-ice extent averaged over the King Hakon VII sector<br> Western_Pacific_Ocean-SIE: Sea-ice extent averaged over the Western Pacific Ocean sector<br> SH-SIE: Sea-ice extent averaged over the Southern Hemisphere<br> SIC: Sea-ice concentration<br> SLP: Sea-level pressure</p> <p>Please contact Quentin Dalaiden (quentin.dalaiden@uclouvain.be) for more information.</p>
20th century winds, pressure, and temperature around Antarctica from single-proxy data assimilation
<p>Please cite <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-16">O'Connor et al., 2023</a> (preprint available in The Cryosphere Discussions) when using these single-proxy reconstruction datasets. The reconstructions generated using all proxy data (O'Connor et al., 2021) are archived <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5507607">here</a>.</p> <p>This dataset contains four sets of single-proxy reconstructions of annually resolved zonal surface wind (us), sea level pressure (psl), and surface temperature (tas) anomalies around Antarctica over the period 1900 to 2005 CE. The reconstructions were generated using the Last Millennium Reanalysis data assimilation framework (<a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JD024751">Hakim et al., 2016</a>), adapted for Antarctic atmospheric reconstructions following the methods from <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2021GL095999">O'Connor et al., 2021</a>. The reconstructions were generated using the same proxy databases and methods as outlined in O'Connor et al., 2021, but we only assimilate proxies from ice cores or coral records in each reconstruction.</p> <p>This dataset contains four sets of reconstructions, based on two different climate model simulation priors and either ice cores or coral assimilated:</p> <ol> <li>CESM LM prior, ice cores only</li> <li>CESM LM prior, corals only</li> <li>PACE prior, ice cores only</li> <li>PACE prior, corals only</li> </ol> <p>The CESM LM prior is drawn from the iCESM Last Millennium Ensemble (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003625">Stevenson et al., 2019</a>) and includes only natural forcings. The PACE prior is drawn from the CESM1 Pacific Pacemaker Ensemble (“PACE”; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0844.1">Deser et al., 2017</a>) and includes historical anthropogenic forcings. For each reconstruction, there are three netCDF files containing the ensemble mean (mean of 100 ensemble members) for each climate field. The anomaly reference period is 1961-1990.</p>
Possible niche compression and individual specialization in Pacific Arctic beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the 19th to 20th century
<p><span>Cetaceans have shown potential to be used as sentinel species for tracking environmental change in marine ecosystems, yet our assessment of change is typically limited to recent decades and lacks ecological baselines. Using historical museum specimens, we compared community niche metrics and degree of individual dietary specialization in groups of Pacific Arctic beluga (<em>Delphinapterus</em> <em>leucas</em>) from the 1800s (n = 5) to 1900s (n = 10) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes drilled from teeth. Beluga occupied a broader trophic niche and demonstrated a higher degree of individual specialization in the 1800s than in the 1900s. The cause of this shift is difficult to confirm given long timescales and constraints of specimen-based research but could indicate changes in the prey base or competition. The scale and nature of this detected shift provide perspective for continued research on these climate-vulnerable species.</span></p>
MPI-ESM1.2 data for Aerosol Forcing Does Not Sufficiently Explain the Suppressed Mid-20th Century Warming in CMIP6
<p>This dataset contains results from simulations with the MPI-ESM1.2-CR, created by Linnea Huusko and used in the following paper: Flynn, C. M., Huusko, L., Modak, A., and Mauritsen, T.: Strong aerosol cooling alone does not explain cold-biased mid-century temperatures in CMIP6 models, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1613, 2023.</p>
Possible niche compression and individual specialization in Pacific Arctic beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the 19th to 20th century
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