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145 results for “Abiotic stress”
Data from: Mechanisms of plant–plant interactions: concealment from herbivores is more important than abiotic-stress mediation in an African savannah
Recent work on facilitative plant–plant interactions has emphasized the importance of neighbours' amelioration of abiotic stress, but the facilitative effects of neighbours in reducing plant apparency to herbivores have received less attention. Whereas theory on stress reduction predicts that competition should be more important in less stressful conditions, with facilitation becoming more important in harsh environments, apparency theory suggests that facilitation should be greater in the presence of herbivores, where it is disadvantageous to be conspicuous regardless of abiotic stress level. We tested the relative strength of neighbours' stress reduction versus apparency reduction on survival, growth, reproduction and lifetime fitness of Hibiscus meyeri, a common forb in central Kenya, using neighbour removals conducted inside and outside large-herbivore exclosures replicated in arid and mesic sites. In the absence of herbivores, neighbours competed with H. meyeri in mesic areas and facilitated H. meyeri in arid areas, as predicted by stress-reduction mechanisms. By contrast, neighbours facilitated H. meyeri in the presence of herbivory, regardless of aridity level, consistent with plant apparency. Our results show that the facilitative effects arising from plant apparency are stronger than the effects arising from abiotic stress reduction in this system, suggesting that plant-apparency effects may be particularly important in systems with extant large-herbivore communities.
Reduced fitness under abiotic stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus subspecies with divergent flower colors
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Image Repository for Excessive leaf oil modulates the plant abiotic stress response via reduced stomatal aperture in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
<p>This repository contains raw image data from <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>, associated with a publication related to wild-type and high lipid producing (HLP) tobacco varieties. Sample preparation methods and associated analysis can be found in the associated publication. For information and details, find more on the project Github: https://github.com/danforthcenter/tobacco-heat-paper.</p> <p><strong>Contact information: </strong></p> <p>Katherine M. Murphy, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, kmurphy@danforthcenter.org</p>
Rapid evolutionary tradeoffs between resistance to herbivory and tolerance to abiotic stress in an invasive plant
<p>The datatset was collected from field survey, common garden experiments and lab experiments. All data analyses were performed in R 4.1.3 (R Development Core Team 2021) and SPSS 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Somers, NY, USA). The effects of re-association history (infested vs. uninfested; 0-, 9-, 13-, 17-year-reassociation) on insect bioassays (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of <em>O. communa</em>), plant assays including biomass ratio, MDA change rate and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and leaf chemical assays (concentrations of tannin, lignin, CGA, two individual flavonol derivates, nitrogen and carbon) were estimated using general linear mixed models (LMMs) in R, with reassociation history as a fixed factor and population (nested within reassociation history) as a random factor. For all these data, we also separately assessed correlations with the duration of re-association with the specialist natural enemy (the number of re-association years, i.e., 0, 9, 13, 17) at the individual level using Spearman correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. To analyze the correlation between insect traits (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of <em>O. communa</em>) and leaf defensive chemicals (i.e., tannin and lignin), we calculated the mean value of each index at the population level for each of the four re-association durations and used Pearson correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. The same procedure was followed for analyzing the correlation between drought stress tolerance and concentrations of leaf antioxidant chemicals. In addition, for the widely targeted metabolic data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R to visualize the sample distributions.</p>
Data from: Spatio-temporal variation of biotic and abiotic stress agents determines seedling survival in assisted oak regeneration
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Data from: Mechanisms of plant–plant interactions: concealment from herbivores is more important than abiotic-stress mediation in an African savannah
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Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants
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Data from: Biomass–density relationships of plant communities deviate from the self‐thinning rule due to age structure and abiotic stress
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Data from: Evolutionary constraint on low elevation range expansion: Defense‐abiotic stress‐tolerance trade‐off in crosses of the ecological model Boechera stricta
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Is drought tolerance a domestication trait in tepary bean?: Allelic diversity at abiotic stress responsive genes in cultivated Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray and its wild relatives
<p>Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in the poorest regions of the world where drought stress and nutrient deficiency are already a main issue. Legumes are an essential food crop for the poorest because of their high dietary protein and micronutrient contents. However, they are generally drought susceptible. Therefore, our goal in this study was to explore allele diversity at abiotic stress responsive candidate genes in the only drought tolerant cultivated bean species of the genus <i>Phaseolus</i>, tepary bean (<i>P. acutifolius</i> A. Gray) and its related species <i>P. parvifolius </i>Freytag. Specifically, we estimated drought tolerance in 52 tepary bean <i>s.l.</i> geo-referenced germplasm accessions from the <i>P. acutifolius</i>–<i>parvifolius</i> clade using climate information, and used this estimated drought stress index to examine allele correlations with <i>Asr2</i>, <i>Dreb2B</i> and ERECTA-encoding candidate genes for drought tolerance. Genetic clustering showed that cultivated and wild <i>P. acutifolius</i> were intermingled with <i>P. acutifolius </i>var.<i> tenuifolius</i> and <i>P. parvifolius</i>, signifying that allele diversity at candidate genes for drought tolerance was not scarce in tepary bean <i>s.l</i>. <i>Dreb2B</i> and ERECTA-encoding genes harbored signatures of directional/purifying selection, likely in favor of adaptive alleles selectively advantageous because each had two SNPs significantly correlated (<i>p-value</i> < 0.05) with habitat drought stress at six and 12 months. These results suggest that tepary bean <i>s.l. </i>is a reservoir of novel alleles at candidate genes for drought tolerance, as expected for a drought-tolerant species that originated in warmer and arid environments. Abiotic stress responsive candidate genes also exhibit comparable patterns of selective signatures when comparing orthologous across species, which speaks for a predominant role of gene sub-functionalization likely due to ecological constrains. Our study therefore corroborates that the candidate gene approach is still an effective alternative for marker validation across a broader genetic basis of germplasm accessions. Further efforts to determine the genetic architecture of drought tolerance will unlock novel alleles hidden in a crop with limited modern relevance as tepary bean, but capable of acting as a donor in backcrossing and genome editing strategies with elite common bean lines aiming to meet the imminent demands of a drier world.</p>
Data from: The value of the species interaction-abiotic stress hypothesis (SIASH) for invasion biology: using native latitude to explain non-native latitudinal range sizes
<p>Establishment and spread of introduced species are difficult to predict because they are subject to a myriad of factors. A hypothesis which integrates multiple ecological processes, such as the species interaction-abiotic stress hypothesis (SIASH), may improve our ability to predict introduction success (i.e. establishment and spread). SIASH postulates that, along an environmental gradient, species' range limits are set by abiotic stress at the environmentally harsh end of that gradient and by species interactions at the environmentally benign end of the gradient. Given that species richness increases nearer the equator and that climate becomes harsher (colder) nearer the poles, latitude represents a useful gradient with which to test simple predictions of SIASH. In order to test whether non-native ranges conform to the predictions of SIASH, we evaluated non-native latitudinal range size data for 195 cross-continental, naturalized introductions of 140 animal and plant species. Median latitude of native range was positively related to range size in the introduced zone, such that species native to high latitudes occupied larger introduced ranges than species native to low latitudes. Furthermore, temperate native species occupied larger latitudinal ranges when introduced to tropical and subtropical zones than did tropical native species introduced to temperate zones. Our results suggest that where a species originates is as important as where it is introduced for predicting introduction success. Abiotic stress from cold more strongly constrains the range extents of introduced species than species interactions, which is particularly pronounced for species originating from tropical regions. Future work should determine how species interactions and abiotic stress jointly explain other components of non-native species' success across different spatial gradients to better integrate SIASH into invasion biology.</p>
Data from: Increased growth in sunflower correlates with reduced defenses and altered gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress
Cultivated plants have been selected by humans for increased yield in a relatively benign environment, where nutrient and water resources are often supplemented, and biotic enemy loads are kept artificially low. Agricultural weeds have adapted to this same benign environment as crops, and often have high growth and reproductive rates, even though they have not been specifically selected for yield. Considering the competing demands for resources in any plant, a key question is whether adaptation to agricultural environments has been accompanied by life-history trade-offs, in which resistance to (largely absent) stress has been lost in favor of growth and reproduction. The experiments reported here were designed to test for growth-defense trade-offs in agricultural weeds, crops, and native varieties of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae) by comparing their performance in the presence or absence of abiotic (drought and crowding) or biotic (simulated herbivory, insect herbivory, and fungal) stress. We found that growth, as well viability of crops and weeds, were reduced by abiotic drought stress. The weakened defense in the agricultural genotypes was further evident as increased susceptibility to fungal infection and higher level of insect palatability. To uncover molecular mechanisms underlying these trade-offs we monitored gene expression kinetics in drought-stressed plants. By correlating phenotypic observations with molecular analyses, we report the identification of several genes, including a protein phosphatase 2C and the HD-Zip transcription factor Athb-8, whose expression is associated with the observed phenotypic variation in common sunflower.
Data from: Abiotic stress does not magnify the deleterious effects of spontaneous mutations
Although the effects of deleterious alleles often are predicted to be greater in stressful environments, there is no theoretical basis for this prediction and the empirical evidence is mixed. Here we characterized the effects of three types of abiotic stress (thermal, oxidative and hyperosmotic) on two sets of nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) mutation accumulation (MA) lines that differ by threefold in fitness. We compared the survival and egg-to-adult viability between environments (benign and stressful) and between fitness categories (high-fitness MA, low-fitness MA). If the environment and mutation load have synergistic effects on trait means, then the difference between the high and low-fitness MA lines should be larger in stressful environments. Although the stress treatments consistently decreased survival and/or viability, we did not detect significant interactions between fitness categories and environment types. In contrast, we did find consistent evidence for synergistic effects on (micro)environmental variation. The lack of signal in trait means likely reflects the very low starting fitness of some low-fitness MA lines, the potential for cross-stress responses and the context dependence of mutational effects. In addition, the large increases in the environmental variance in the stressful environments may have masked small changes in trait means. These results do not provide evidence for synergism between mutation and stress.
Figure 7. A in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 7. A. The Genus level in Bacteria (bar chart), the 12genera of the five bacteria were detected at the level of the phylum. Based on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA region. The relative most abundance in the taxonomic composition distribution in samples of Genus -level (pie chart) as a percentage of the total bacteria isolated from roots and leaves endophyte region. Based on the full-length 16S rRNA sequences. (B) and (C) The most abundant genera found in the phylum of Actinobacteria. (D) The most abundant genus found in the phylum of Cyanobacteria. Roots samples: Roots.1, Roots.2, and Roots.3. Leaves samples: Leaves.1, Leaves.2, and Leaves.3 are associated with Senna italica.
Figure 2 in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 2. Different curve based on observed Shannon value and Inversed Simpson value. Roots samples: Roots.1, Roots.2, and Roots.3. Leaves samples: Leaves.1, Leaves.2, and Leaves.3 are associated with Senna italica.
Figure 4 in Metagenomic study of the communities of bacterial endophytes in the desert plant Senna Italica and their role in abiotic stress resistance in the plant
Figure 4. Beta diversity analysis. Unweighted PCoA of UniFrac distances, Principal coordinate analysis illustrates differences between bacterial communities in senna italica roots and leaves. Two first components (PC1 and PC2) were plotted and represented 94.33% of whole inertia. Roots samples: Roots.1, Roots.2, and Roots.3. Leaves samples: Leaves.1, Leaves.2, and Leaves.3 are associated with Senna italica. The red triangle indicates Leaves.1. The green triangle indicates Root.1. The purple triangle indicates Root.2. The yellow square indicates Root.3. The blue square indicates Leaves.2. The orange circle indicates Leaves.3.
Data from: Consistent alleviation of abiotic stress with silicon addition: a meta-analysis
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Is drought tolerance a domestication trait in tepary bean?: Allelic diversity at abiotic stress responsive genes in cultivated Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray and its wild relatives
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Data from: Increased growth in sunflower correlates with reduced defenses and altered gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress
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Data from: Structural traits dictate abiotic stress amelioration by intertidal oysters
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