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200 results for “Agroecosystem”
Fig. 2 in Spatiotemporal distribution of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in a southeastern agroecosystem
Fig. 2. The proportion of glassy-winged sharpshooters captured on yellow sticky card traps along forest edge in Gadsden County, Florida, USA, during 2001 to 2003. The blue line represents a Loess fit.
Fig. 1 in Spatiotemporal distribution of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in a southeastern agroecosystem
Fig. 1. Temporal distribution of glassy-winged sharpshooters captured on yellow sticky card traps in Gadsden County, Florida, USA, during 2001 to 2003.
Fig. 2 in Assessment of development, parasitism, and predation of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in sassafras (Lauraceae) in southeastern US agroecosystems
Fig. 2. Mean number of Halyomorpha halys adults and second through fifh instars captured per mo in pheromone-baited traps in sassafras in Byron, Georgia, USA, in 2019 to 2020.
Fig. 1 in Assessment of development, parasitism, and predation of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in sassafras (Lauraceae) in southeastern US agroecosystems
Fig. 1. Mean number of Halyomorpha halys adults and second through fifh instars captured per wk in pheromone-baited traps in the canopy of sassafras trees in woodlands in Prattville, Alabama, USA, in 2019 (A) and 2020 (B).
Earthworms as health indicators in no-tillage and no-tillage agroecosystems
<p>A database was created from a systematic search in SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus using the following keywords in english and portuguese: ‘earthworm*’ OR ‘oligochaeta’ OR ‘minhoca*’ AND ‘no-tillage’ OR ‘no-tillage system*’ OR ‘conservation agriculture’ OR ‘plantio direto’ OR ‘semeadura direta’ OR ‘agricultura conservacionista’ OR ‘sistema conservacionista’ AND ‘Paraná’. For dissertations and theses that addressed the topic in the region of Paraná, we used the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações -BDTD). The period evaluated was from sampling dates ranging from 1981 to 2020, being the published dates of the works from 1986 (Voss, 1986; Derpsch et al.1986) to 2023 (Bartz et al. 2023; Dudas et al. 2023). </p> <p>Data were extracted from 23 publications and compiled into an excel file. The database contains information on 29 municipalities, their geopolitical region (IBGE, 2010), and climate (Köppen, 1931). Paraná is divided into 10 geopolitical mesoregions - West (WE), Northwest (NW), Center West (CW), Center North (CN), North Pioneer (NP), Center East (CE), Metropolitan (MT), Center South (CS), Southeast (SE) and Southwest (SW) (IBGE, 2010). </p> <p>Earthworm data are presented as species found, their abundance (ind m-2), biomass (g m-2) and species richness (total number). The abundance and richness of earthworms can be used as an indicator of NT/NTS quality, and Bartz et al. (2013) proposed the following classification for the abundance data: poor quality <25 ind m-2, moderate 25 to 100 ind m-2, good 100 to 200 ind m-2 and excellent quality >200 ind m-2. For richness: poor 1 species, moderate 2-3 species, good 3-4 species and excellent >6 species. However, after analyzing the 181 sites included in this dataset together with the database by Nadolny et al. (2020), we proposed new values for each category and including a new one based on: mean, standard deviation, standard error and confidence intervals. The new classification for abundance and species richness is: <25 ind m-2 = poor, ≥25-<75 ind m-2 = moderate, ≥75-<125 ind m-2 = good, ≥125-<175 ind m-2 = very good and ≥175 ind m-2 = excellent. And for earthworm richness: <1 species = poor, 1- 3 species = moderate, 3-5 species = good, 5-7 species = very good and >7 species = excellent.</p> <p>In the database, each class is represented by a different color, using a gradient for the worst to the best quality sites. Thus, red = poor, dark orange = moderate, yellow = good, light green = very good, and dark green = excellent.</p> <p>For the earthworm species, the following information is provided: ecological category (anecic, epigeic, endogeic, polyhumic endogeic, mesohumic endogeic; according to Bouché, 1977), origin (native or exotic), author(s) and years of the species description, collection site, climate, region and the sampling method.</p> <p>The methods considered were: Quantitative, including handsorting of soil using the standard Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (identified as TSBF in the spreadsheet) method of monoliths 25 x 25 cm square at depths ranging from 10 to 40 cm (Anderson and Ingram, 1993), as well as other monolith dimensions like 20 x 20, 40 x 40 and 50 x 50 cm (identified as Handsorting in the spreadsheet). Qualitative method, including collecting in various niches like deeper soil layers, litter, under rocks, in and under rotting logs, next to water bodies like streams, lakes and swamps (Bartz et al. 2013) Finally, chemical extraction using a diluted formalin solution (usually over an area 50x50 cm) according to ISO 23611-1 (2017).</p> <p>The sites were divided in No-tillage (NT), or No-tillage system (NTS) based on site history and soil management information. For the areas under NTS, we classified the phases according to Sá et al. (2004; 2010), being the initial phase corresponding to the first five years of NTS, the transition phase from six to 10 years, consolidation from 11 to 20 years and older than 20 years as the maintenance phase.</p> <p>The soil chemical and physical data were included in the database, when performed in the same site as the earthworm sampling. Chemical data included pH in water, CEC, P and C, and physical data included sand and clay.</p> <p>All data are provided in excel format and include four tabs: Legend, Earthworms + environment, Species distribution and References. The Legend tab provides a description of the data presented in each of the other tabs. Earthworms + environment has information on earthworm abundance, biomass and richness in relation to the site location, quality, year, crop year, time and date of sampling, NT or NTS site and NTS phase. The Species distribution tab provides information on the species found, place of origin, author, year, ecological category and sampling method. And the References tab lists the studies/publications used to extract the data presented in the other tabs.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 6 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe
Fig. 6. Two collection sites of Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in Europe. A – ornamental plants in privately managed urban green in Switzerland (Agno, Ticino) where G. mali was accidentally collected in 2015; B – plants of Cornus sanguinea in a windbreak row (on the right) surrounding a vineyard plot (on the left) in Italy (Gorgo al Monticano, Treviso) where larvae and adults of G. mali were sampled in 2017.
Fig. 5 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe
Fig. 5. Maximum likelihood tree of Gyponana spp. based on mtCOI gene. Bootstrap values are shown if>50. A total of 692 positions were included in the final dataset. The branch marked with "//" was shortened, with the real length of 0.016. Gr. – group. The sequence from the present study (GenBank accession number MH394187.1) is in Gr. 4.
Fig. 4. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe
Fig. 4. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942:A – aedeagus, caudal view (reprinted from Hൺආංඅඍඈඇ 1982); B – aedeagus, ventral view (left) and style, lateral view (right; reprinted from DൾLඈඇǤ & F*©ൾඒඍൺǤ 1964).Gyponana extenda DeLong, 1942: C – aedeagus, caudal view and style, lateral view, with structural variation from "s" to "v" form (reprinted from Hൺආංඅඍඈඇ 1982); D – aedeagus, ventral view (left) and style, lateral view (right; reprinted from DൾLඈඇǤ & F*©ൾඒඍൺǤ 1964).
Fig. 3. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe
Fig. 3. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942, female (voucher I03/19). A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – sternite VII, ventral view; D – first valvula, lateral view; E – first valvula, apical portion; F – second valvula, lateral view; G – second valvula, apical portion. Scale bar 1.0 mm.
Fig. 2. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe
Fig. 2. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942, male (voucher I02/19). A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and aedeagus, lateral view; D – pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and aedeagus, dorsal view; E – styles, connective, and aedeagus, lateral view; F – styles, connective, and aedeagus, dorsal view; G – aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bar 1.0 mm.
Fig. 1 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe
Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in Europe. Colored dots represent the habitat type: green – urban green; blue – natural woody area; red – agroecosystem.
Figure 3 in Mite fauna of a coffee agroecosystem (Coffea arabicaL.) in the municipality of Monte Alegre do Sul, São Paulo State, Brazil. Part I.
Figure 3 Temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm) inCoffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo plantation, in Monte Alegre do Sul municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Period from April 2004 to February 2008.
Figure 2 in Mite fauna of a coffee agroecosystem (Coffea arabicaL.) in the municipality of Monte Alegre do Sul, São Paulo State, Brazil. Part I.
Figure 2 Population fluctuation of Brevipalpus sp., Oligonychus yothersi, Euseius alatus, Amblyseius herbicolus, Iphiseiodes matatlanticaeandAgistemus brasiliensis in Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo plantation, in Monte Alegre do Sul municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Period from April 2004 to February 2008.
Figure 1 in Mite fauna of a coffee agroecosystem (Coffea arabicaL.) in the municipality of Monte Alegre do Sul, São Paulo State, Brazil. Part I.
Figure 1 Accumulation curves of species of mites collected on leaves and fruits of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo in Monte Alegre do Sul, São Paulo State, Brazil.
Carbon, energy, and water flux data from annual and perennial agroecosystems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Long-term effectiveness of sustainable land management practices to control runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss and the role of rainfall intensity in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems
<p>This data set corresponds to the open-access article "Long-term effectiveness of sustainable land management practices to control runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss and the role of rainfall intensity in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems" published in CATENA. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352</a>), funded by he European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. </p>
Data from: Genomics meets applied ecology: characterizing habitat quality for sloths in a tropical agroecosystem
Understanding how habitat quality in heterogeneous landscapes governs the distribution and fitness of individuals is a fundamental aspect of ecology. While mean individual fitness is generally considered a key to assessing habitat quality, a comprehensive understanding of habitat quality in heterogeneous landscapes requires estimates of dispersal rates among habitat types. The increasing accessibility of genomic approaches, combined with field-based demographic methods, provides novel opportunities for incorporating dispersal estimation into assessments of habitat quality. In this study, we integrated genomic kinship approaches with field-based estimates of fitness components and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) procedures to estimate habitat-specific dispersal rates and characterize habitat quality in two-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) occurring in a Costa Rican agricultural ecosystem. Field-based observations indicated that birth and survival rates were similar in a sparsely-shaded cacao farm and adjacent cattle pasture-forest mosaic. Sloth density was threefold higher in pasture compared to cacao, whereas home range size and overlap were greater in cacao compared to pasture. Dispersal rates were similar between the two habitats, as estimated using ABC procedures applied to the spatial distribution of pairs of related individuals identified using 3,431 SNP and 11 microsatellite locus genotypes. Our results indicate that crops produced under a sparse overstory can, in some cases, constitute lower quality habitat than pasture-forest mosaics for sloths, perhaps because of differences in food resources or predator communities. Finally, our study demonstrates that integrating field-based demographic approaches with genomic methods can provide a powerful means for characterizing habitat quality for animal populations occurring in heterogeneous landscapes.
Data from: Landscape composition, configuration, and trophic interactions shape arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems
<p>1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity of agroecosystems can enhance natural enemy populations and promote biological control. However, little is known about the multi-scale effects of landscape heterogeneity on arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems, especially in combination with trophic interactions. 2. We examined for the first time how landscape heterogeneity, measured by four independent metrics of landscape composition and configuration at three spatial scales, affected species abundance and species richness of rice arthropods within four functional groups and the abundance of the most common species at 28 sites in the Philippines. We additionally examined the influence of trophic interactions among these functional groups. 3. We found that both the compositional and configurational landscape heterogeneity in combination with trophic interactions determine the structure of rice-arthropod communities. Herbivore abundance decreased with increasing landscape diversity. The abundance of parasitoids and species richness of both parasitoids and predators increased with the structural connectivity of rice bunds. Fragmentation of the rice landscape had a clear negative effect on most arthropod groups, with the exception of highly mobile predatory arthropods. Abundance of common predators and detritivore species decreased with increasing complexity in the shape of rice patches. 4. Trophic interactions, measured as the abundance of prey, outweighed the importance of landscape heterogeneity for predators. In contrast, parasitoids responded positively to configurational landscape heterogeneity but were unaffected by prey abundance. 5. Synthesis and applications. Landscape heterogeneity and trophic interactions had different effects on different functional groups. While predator abundance was solely driven by the availability of prey, all other functional groups in the rice-arthropod community were significantly affected by the composition and configuration of surrounding landscape features. Landscape management aiming to improve biodiversity and biological pest control in rice agroecosystems should promote a diversity of land uses and habitat types within 100–300 m radii to reduce the presence of pests. Management practices should also focus on maintaining smaller rice patches and the structural connectivity of rice bunds to enhance populations of the natural enemies of rice pests. Future research should focus on the temporal and spatial manipulation of rice fields to maximize the effects of biological control.</p>
Data from: Relaxation of putative plant defenses in a tropical agroecosystem
<p>Evidence of the effects of agriculture on natural systems is widespread, but potential evolutionary responses in non-target species are largely uncharacterized. To explore whether exposure to agrochemicals may influence selective pressures and phenotypic expression in non-agricultural plant populations, we characterized the expression of putative anti-herbivore defense phenotypes in three non-agricultural species found upstream and downstream of irrigated rice fields in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. We found that plants downstream of chemically intensive agriculture showed shifts toward reduced expression of putative anti-herbivore defenses relative to upstream counterparts. In two of three tested species, leaf extracts from downstream plants were more palatable to a generalist consumer, suggesting a possible reduction of chemical defenses. In one species with multiple modes of putative defenses, we observed parallel reductions of three metrics of putative biotic and physical defenses. These reductions were concurrent with reduced herbivore damage on downstream plants. Together, these results suggest that agriculture has the potential to alter intraspecific phenotypic expression, ecological interactions, and natural selection in non-target plant populations.</p>
Data from: Landscape heterogeneity can partially offset negative effects of habitat loss on mammalian biodiversity in agroecosystems
<p>Intensive, large-scale agriculture promotes the conversion of natural habitats and diversified crops into monocultures, decreasing both native vegetation cover and landscape heterogeneity, leading to landscape simplification. Yet, a key knowledge gap persists on the relative impacts of the loss of native vegetation and landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity. Addressing this gap is pressing to support policies that conciliate agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and to move forward some scientific controversies, as the "land sharing versus land sparing" and "habitat loss versus fragmentation" debates.<br>Through a hierarchical sampling design that maximized variation, while minimizing correlation, between landscape heterogeneity and native vegetation cover, we recorded the occurrence of medium and large-bodied mammals in native vegetation and agricultural areas of 55 landscapes in a global conservation hotspot and a key commodity production area – the Brazilian savanna, Cerrado. We compared simple, additive, and interactive models to investigate the effects of landscape heterogeneity and native vegetation cover on richness and composition of native and invasive mammals. <br>Native and invasive mammal communities were affected by both native vegetation cover and landscape heterogeneity, although the effects of the first was stronger than the later. Both aspects had positive effects on native species richness and negative on invasive species richness, indicating that the loss of native vegetation and the reduction in landscape heterogeneity lead to biotic homogenization. Yet, while landscape heterogeneity benefited most native species, the direction of its effect varied among invasive species and depended on native vegetation cover.<br>Synthesis and applications: Besides reducing habitat loss, avoiding landscape homogenization is key for conciliating agricultural production and biodiversity conservation, pointing to the relevance of policies encouraging crop diversification. As increasing landscape heterogeneity can in part compensate the negative effects of losing native habitat on biodiversity in agroecosystems, policies can gain feasibility by adjusting the balance between native vegetation cover and landscape heterogeneity according to what best suits local restraints and demands.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.