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132 results for “Alces”
Fig. 2 in Molecular identification of Trypanosoma theileri complex in Eurasian moose Alces alces (L.)
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of Trypanosoma sp. 18S rRNA partial gene. Maximum-likelihood tree computed with the GTR + I + G model of sequence evolution. Trypanosoma sp. found in our study (haplotype H1 and H2 marked with red color) and downloaded from GenBank. Hosts were listed after GenBank numbers and country of origin. Numbers listed at nodes represent percent support for that node from 1000 bootstrap replicates. The ML tree has been rooted with sequences of Trypanosoma cyclops. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1. The trypanosomes from European moose. A, B in Molecular identification of Trypanosoma theileri complex in Eurasian moose Alces alces (L.)
Fig. 1. The trypanosomes from European moose. A, B. light microscope images; C. drawing scheme. Scale bar 10 μm.
Winter browsing by moose (Alces alces) in a forested mountainous landscape of West-Central Sweden
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Microbial associations and spatial proximity predict North American moose (Alces alces) gastrointestinal community composition
<ol> <li>Microbial communities are increasingly recognised as crucial for animal health. However, our understanding of how microbial communities are structured across wildlife populations is poor. Mechanisms such as interspecific associations are important in structuring free-living communities, but we still lack an understanding of how important interspecific associations are in structuring gut microbial communities in comparison to other factors such as host characteristics or spatial proximity of hosts.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>Here we ask how gut microbial communities are structured in a population of North American moose (<i>Alces alces</i>). We identify key microbial interspecific associations within the moose gut and quantify how important they are relative to key host characteristics, such as body condition, for predicting microbial community composition.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>We sampled gut microbial communities from 55 moose in a population experiencing decline due to a myriad of factors, including pathogens and malnutrition. We examined microbial community dynamics in this population utilizing novel graphical network models that can explicitly incorporate spatial information.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>We found that interspecific associations were the most important mechanism structuring gut microbial communities in moose and detected both positive and negative associations. Models only accounting for associations between microbes had higher predictive value compared to models including moose sex, evidence of previous pathogen exposure, or body condition. Adding spatial information on moose location further strengthened our model and allowed us to predict microbe occurrences with ~90% accuracy.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>Collectively, our results suggest that microbial interspecific associations coupled with host spatial proximity are vital in shaping gut microbial communities in a large herbivore. In this case, previous pathogen exposure and moose body condition were not as important in predicting gut microbial community composition. The approach applied here can be used to quantify interspecific associations and gain a more nuanced understanding of the spatial and host factors shaping microbial communities in non-model hosts.</li> </ol>
Instrument in pills: Automatic lidars and ceilometers (ALC)
<p>In this 10 minutes video, Simone Kotthaus tells everything about automatic lidars and ceilometers, often named with the acronym ALC. </p>
Diet composition of moose (Alces alces) in winter, Sweden
<p><span>1. </span><span>Differences in botanical diet compositions among a large number of moose fecal samples </span><span>collected during winter correlated with the nutritional differences identified in the same </span><span>samples </span><span>(Mantel-r = 0.89, p = 0.001)</span><span>, but the nutritional differences were significantly smaller </span><span>(p < 0.001)</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>2. Nutritional geometry revealed that moose mixed Scots pine <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Vaccinium</em> </span><span>spp. as nutritionally complementary foods to reach a nutritional target resembling <em>Salix</em> spp. </span><span>twigs, and selected for <em>Salix</em> spp. browse (Jacob's D > 0).</span></p> <p><span>3. Available protein (AP) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were significantly </span><span>correlated in observed diets but not in hypothetical diets based on food availability.</span></p> <p><span>4. The level of Acetoacetate in moose serum (i.e., 'starvation') was weakly negatively </span><span>associated with digestibility of diets (p = 0.08) and unrelated to increasing AP:TNC and </span><span>AP:NDF ratios in diets (p > 0.1).</span></p> <p><span>5. Our study is the first to demonstrate complementary feeding in free-ranging moose to attain a </span><span>nutritional target that has previously been suggested in a feeding trial with captive moose. </span><span>Our results add support to the hypothesis of nutritional balancing as a driver in the nutritional </span><span>strategy of moose with implications for both the management of moose and food resources.</span></p>
Diet composition of moose (Alces alces) in winter, Sweden
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Data from: Negative frequency-dependent foraging behaviour in a generalist herbivore (Alces alces) and its stabilizing influence on food-web dynamics
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Data from: Influence of reproductive status on occupancy of salvage-logged boreal forest by moose (Alces americanus)
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Microbial associations and spatial proximity predict North American moose (Alces alces) gastrointestinal community composition
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Data from: The nutritional balancing act of a large herbivore: an experiment with captive moose (Alces alces L)
The nutrient balancing hypothesis proposes that, when sufficient food is available, the primary goal of animal diet selection is to obtain a nutritionally balanced diet. This hypothesis can be tested using the Geometric Framework for nutrition (GF). The GF enables researchers to study patterns of nutrient intake (e.g. macronutrients; protein, carbohydrates, fat), interactions between the different nutrients, and how an animal resolves the potential conflict between over-eating one or more nutrients and under-eating others during periods of dietary imbalance. Using the moose (Alces alces L.), a model species in the development of herbivore foraging theory, we conducted a feeding experiment guided by the GF, combining continuous observations of six captive moose with analysis of the macronutritional composition of foods. We identified the moose's self-selected macronutrient target by allowing them to compose a diet by mixing two nutritionally complementary pellet types plus limited access to Salix browse. Such periods of free choice were intermixed with periods when they were restricted to one of the two pellet types plus Salix browse. Our observations of food intake by moose given free choice lend support to the nutrient balancing hypothesis, as the moose combined the foods in specific proportions that provided a particular ratio and amount of macronutrients. When restricted to either of two diets comprising a single pellet type, the moose i) maintained a relatively stable intake of non-protein energy while allowing protein intakes to vary with food composition, and ii) increased their intake of the food item that most closely resembled the self-selected macronutrient intake from the free choice periods, namely Salix browse. We place our results in the context of the nutritional strategy of the moose, ruminant physiology and the categorization of food quality.
Data from: A genetic discontinuity in moose (Alces alces) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure
The strength and arrangement of movement barriers can impact the connectivity among habitat patches. Anthropogenic barriers (e.g. roads) are a source of habitat fragmentation that can disrupt these resource networks and can have an influence on the spatial genetic structure of populations. Using microsatellite data, we evaluated whether observed genetic structure of moose (Alces alces) populations were associated with human activities (e.g. roads) in the urban habitat of Anchorage and rural habitat on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We found evidence of a recent genetic subdivision among moose in Anchorage that corresponds to a major highway and associated infrastructure. This subdivision is most likely due to restrictions in gene flow due to alterations to the highway (e.g. moose-resistant fencing with one-way gates) and a significant increase in traffic volume over the past 30 years; genetic subdivision was not detected on the Kenai Peninsula in an area not bisected by a major highway. This study illustrates that anthropogenic barriers can substructure wildlife populations within a few generations and highlights the value of genetic assessments to determine the effects on connectivity among habitat patches in conjunction with behavioral and ecological data.
Data from: Harvest-induced phenotypic selection in an island population of moose, Alces alces
Empirical evidence strongly indicates that human exploitation has frequently led to rapid evolutionary changes in wild populations, yet the mechanisms involved are often poorly understood. Here we applied a recently developed demographic framework for analysing selection to data from a 20-year study of a wild population of moose, Alces alces. In this population, a genetic pedigree has been established all the way back to founders. We demonstrate harvest-induced directional selection for delayed birth dates in males and reduced body mass as calf in females. During the study period, birth date was delayed by 0.81 days per year for both sexes, while no significant changes occurred in calf body mass. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated that both traits harboured significant additive genetic variance. These results show that selective harvesting can induce strong selection which oppose natural selection. This may cause evolution of less favourable phenotypes that become maladaptive once harvesting ceases.
FIGURES 1–7. Pseudeurybata alces. 1 in Revision of the genus Pseudeurybata Hennig (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae)
FIGURES 1–7. Pseudeurybata alces. 1, female on foliage; 2, head and anterior thorax, dorsal view; 3, 4, female ovipositing in mossy log; 5, spermathecae and associated structures, lateral view; 6, apex of male abdomen, lateral view; 7, male terminalia, lateral view. Abbreviations: BDP—basal distiphallus, PB—phallic bulb, BC—bursa copulatrix, C—cercus, PD—paired spermathecal duct, VR—ventral receptacle.
SNPs for population monitoring of moose (Alces alces).
<p>We have developed a panel of 86 autosomal SNPs by de novo reduced representation sequencing of 34 moose (16 female, 18 male) sampled throughout Sweden. The SNPs separates individuals with high confidence and are also informative for population level analyses. Furthermore, three SNPs for sex identification of moose and three SNPs diagnostic for sympatric deer species have been discovered de-novo and are included in the panel.</p>
Figs. 2–3 in Seasonality of Coprophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) Inhabiting Moose (Alces Alces Linnaeus) Dung in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland
Figs. 2–3. Seasonality of coprophagous beetles in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland. 2) Temporal changes in abundance (individuals/kg of moose dung) and dry weight (g/kg of moose dung) of captured beetles; 3) Temporal changes in abundance and dry weight of two dung beetle nesting guilds.
Fig. 6 in Seasonality of Coprophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) Inhabiting Moose (Alces Alces Linnaeus) Dung in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland
Fig. 6. Seasonality with one evident population peak of the most abundant coprophagous beetle species on moose dung in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland.
Fig. 5 in Seasonality of Coprophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) Inhabiting Moose (Alces Alces Linnaeus) Dung in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland
Fig. 5. Temporal changes in Shannon-Weaver (H') and Pielou's evenness (J) indices of the coprophagous beetle fauna in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland.
Fig. 4 in Seasonality of Coprophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) Inhabiting Moose (Alces Alces Linnaeus) Dung in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland
Fig. 4. Monthly dominance structures of captured coprophagous beetles in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland. Ac. de – Acrossus depressus; Ac. ru – Acrossus rufipes; Ag. ne – Agoliinus nemoralis; An. st – Anoplotrupes stercorosus; Ch. di – Chilothorax distinctus; Eu. co – Eurodalus coenosus; Ge. st – Geotrupes stercorarius; k – number of species; Li. ze – Limarus zenkeri; n – number of individuals; O – other species (may include both nesting guilds); Pl. bo – Planolinoides borealis; Pl. fa – Planolinus fasciatus; Tr. ve – Trypocopris vernalis; Grey slices – paracoprids, white slices – endocoprids.
Fig. 1 in Seasonality of Coprophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) Inhabiting Moose (Alces Alces Linnaeus) Dung in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland
Fig. 1. Baited pitfall trap used to capture coprophagous beetles in Kampinoski Park Narodowy, Poland. Photograph by D. Marczak.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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