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307 results for “Amazon rainforest”
Fig. 4 in New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Fig. 4. Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya & Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (MPEG.HEX 05050608). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Dorsal view of head and thorax. D. Tegmina. E. Supra-anal plate. F–G. Subgenital plate. F. Lateral view. G. Ventral view. H–I. Ovipositor. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J–K. Detail of the ovipositor apex. J. Lateral view. K. Dorsal view. L–M. Copulatory papilla. L. Dorsal view. M. Ventral view. N. Lateral view.
Fig. 10 in New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Fig. 10. Zebragyllus sp. 1, ♀ (MPEG.HEX 05050460). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head and thorax in dorsal view. D. Tegmina. E. Supra-anal plate. F–G. Subgenital plate. F. Lateral view. G. Ventral view. H–I. Ovipositor. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J–K. Detail of ovipositor apex. J. Lateral view. K. Dorsal view.
Fig. 2 in New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Fig. 2. Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya & Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. legs, outer views of legs. A. ♂, paratype (MPEG.HEX 05050609), with reduced tympanum. B. ♀, paratype (MPEG.HEX 05050608), very reduced tympanum.C. ♂, holotype (MPEG.HEX 05050607), no tympanum. D. ♂, paratype (MPEG. HEX 05050609), detail of reduced tympanum. E. ♀, paratype (MPEG.HEX 05050608), detail of very reduced tympanum. F. ♂, holotype (MPEG.HEX 05050607), detail of the tibia with no tympanum. G–I. ♂, holotype (MPEG.HEX 05050607). G. Inner view of the fore leg. H. Outer view of the mid leg. I. Inner view of the mid leg. J–L. ♂, paratype (MPEG.HEX 05050609). J. Outer view of the hind leg. K. Inner view of the hind leg. L. First tarsus, in detail.
Fig. 1 in New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Fig. 1. Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya & Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov., habitus. A–F, H–J. Paratype, ♂, (MPEG.HEX 05050609). G. Holotype, ♂ (MPEG.HEX 05050607). A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Frons. D. Lateral view of head and thorax. E. Tegmina. F. Sternum. G. Maxillary palpi, outer view. H–J. Terminalia. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. J. Ventral view.
Fig. 3 in New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Fig. 3. Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya & Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov., ♂, holotype (MPEG. HEX 05050607), phallic complex. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Axial view. D. Lateral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
Fig. 10. A in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 10. A more congenial relationship: the spider Pamphobeteus sp. (Theraphosidae) and Chiasmocleis royi. Photo by Emanuele Biggi.
Fig. 9 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 9. (A) Osteocephalus cf. leprieurii infected by several fly larvae; part of the skin of the infected area was removed to show cavity with degraded tissue and one fly larva (on right); (B) Dendropsophus leali and fly larvae (Diptera) that emerged through the frog's mouth; (C) Ranitomeya uakarii infected by a maggot that emerged from a small round lesion on its back. Photos by Rudolf von May (A), Daniel Rabosky (B), and Valia Herrera (C).
Fig. 7 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 7. (A) A wandering spider (Ctenidae) preying upon Hamptophryne boliviana; (B) the spider Ancylometes sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus sarayacuensis; (C) giant water bug (Belostomatidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus minutus; the belostomatid was guarding a clutch of eggs (likely its own clutch). Photos by Erin Westeen (A) and María Isabel Díaz (B–C).
Fig. 8 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 8. (A) Stingless bees in the genus Trigona (Apidae) preying upon a clutch of tree frog eggs (Hylidae) at a temporary pond located in terra firme forest; (B) the spider Phoneutria sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus kamagarini. Photos by Rudolf von May (A) and Roy Santa-Cruz (B).
Fig. 6 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 6. (A) Theraphosid spider Pamphobeteus sp. (Theraphosidae) preying upon the mouse opossum Marmosops cf. noctivagus; (B) The same individual of Pamphobeteus sp. dragging the mouse opossum on the leaf litter. Photos by Maggie Grundler (A–B).
Fig. 5 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 5. (A) Juvenile snake Dipsas catesbyi with lesion caused by scolopendrid centipede (red arrow); (B) juvenile snake Micrurus obscurus, missing head and soft tissues on most anterior part of body as a result of predation by scolopendrid centipede. Photos by Joanna Larson (A–B).
Fig. 1 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 1. (A) The spider Ancylometes sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus leali; (B) the spider Phoneutria sp. (Ctenidae) preying on a sub-adult Hamptophryne boliviana. Photos by Emanuele Biggi (A) and Francesco Tomasinelli (B).
Fig. 4 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 4. The spider Ctenus sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon a subadult Cercosaura eigenmani. Photo by Mark Cowan.
Fig. 3 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 3. (A) A theraphosid spider, cf. Pamphobeteus sp. (Theraphosidae), preying upon Hamptophryne boliviana; (B) a ctenid spider (Ctenidae) preying upon Leptodactylus didymus. Photos by Emanuele Biggi (A) and Pascal Title (C).
Fig. 2 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 2. (A) The fishing spider Thaumasia sp. (Pisauridae) preying upon a tadpole (unidentified) at a temporary pond located in terra firme forest; (B) a ctenid spider (genus undetermined; Ctenidae) preying upon a subadult Boana sp. G. Photos by Emanuele Biggi (A) and Francesco Tomasinelli (B).
Fig. 1 in Metapolybia araujoi, a new species of swarming social wasp from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest (Vespidae: Polistinae)
Fig. 1. Metapolybia araujoi Somavilla & Andena new species: (A) dorsal view; (B) lateral view; (C) metasoma in lateral view; (D) head front view; (E) anterior and posterior wings. Scale bar = 01 mm. Figures by Agnièle Touret-Alby © MNHN.
Figure 1 in A new species of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from the Amazon rainforest, Brazil
Figure 1. Ami valentinae sp. nov., body, male. A) Carapace, dorsal view; B) sternum, chelicerae, labium, coxae and trochanters, ventral view; C) sternum, ventral view; D) eye group. Scale bar: A–C 2.0 mm; D 0.5 mm.
Figure 2 in A new species of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from the Amazon rainforest, Brazil
Figure 2. Ami valentinae sp. nov., left male palp. A) Prolateral view, the arrow shows spine in prolateral of tibial palp; B) retrolateral view; C) palpal bulb, prolateral view, the arrow shows curved prolateral inferior keel; D) palpal bulb, retrolateral view; E) left embolus, the arrows show granular area; F) left palp, dorsal view, the arrow shows two distal conical processes on retrolateral surface; G) left leg I showing tibial apophyses and proventral view, the arrow shows apical spine. Scale bar: A–D and F–G 0.5 mm; E 0.1 mm.
Admixture may be extensive among hyperdominant Amazon rainforest tree species
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Admixture is a mechanism by which species of long-lived plants may acquire novel alleles. However, the potential role of admixture in the origin and maintenance of tropical plant diversity is unclear. We ask whether admixture occurs in an ecologically important clade of Eschweilera (Parvifolia clade, Lecythidaceae), which includes some of the most widespread and abundant tree species in Amazonian forests.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Using target capture sequencing, we conducted a detailed phylogenomic investigation of 33 species in the Parvifolia clade and investigated specific hypotheses of admixture within a robust phylogenetic framework. We assembled target loci from raw sequence reads, conducted tree-based paralog trimming, and estimated species trees using maximum likelihood approaches. In addition, we called single nucleotide polymorphisms for members of the Parvifolia clade and used a Bayesian clustering approach to estimate the ancestry of individuals. We distinguished between population structure and evidence of admixture using a test based on rooted gene trees. We also investigated overlap in geographical range, phenology, and morphology of species, including those we found to admix.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We found strong evidence of admixture among three ecologically dominant species, E. coriacea, E. wachenheimii and E. parviflora, but a lack of evidence for admixture among other lineages. Accepted species were largely distinguishable from one another, as was geographic structure within species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We show that hybridization may play a role in the evolution of the most widespread and ecologically variable Amazonian tree species. While admixture occurs among some species of Eschweilera, it has not led to widespread erosion of most species' genetic or morphological identities. Therefore, current morphological based species circumscriptions appear to provide a useful characterization of the clade's lineage diversity.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Admixture may be extensive among hyperdominant Amazon rainforest tree species
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