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31 results for “Anaxyrus”
FIG. 4 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])
FIG. 4. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of region-wide B. boreas species complex diversity. Tree reconstruction included sequence data (Table 3) from B. boreas outside the Great Basin to evaluate the relationships between toads from Hot Creek and Railroad Valley and Utah and Colorado toads using the maximum likelihood method. Minor and major groups identified. Terminal ends include haplotype number and locality of collection. Sequences of B. boreas from outside the Great Basin (Table 3) include this taxon name within terminal end identifier. Minor groups include localized species within the Great Basin: B. nelsoni (green), B. exsul (orange), B. canorus (purple), B. williamsi (red), and newly delimited species, B. monfontanus (mauve) and B. nevadensis (pink), of the major group identified as the Eastern Great Basin clade (black bar). Two haplotypes of the root are shown. See Data Accessibility for tree file.
FIG. 5 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])
FIG. 5. Distribution of B. boreas and Great Basin B. boreas species complex. (A) The range-wide distribution of Bufo boreas shown in brown with hydrologic Great Basin outlined in black and hash mark interior within the western United States (Gordon et al., 2017). (B) Bufo boreas species complex and new species shown within hydrologic Great Basin, illustrating the small ranges of localized endemics. Spatial data for all toads except B. williamsi, B. nevadensis, and B. monfontanus provided by IUCN (2015). Images taken by M. R. Gordon except B. canorus, with photo credit to G. Nafis.
FIG. 2 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])
FIG. 2. Discriminant function analysis (DFA). Cross validated DFA using 14 size-corrected morphological characters measured from 518 live adult toads (Fig. 1A) examined within the hydrological Great Basin B. boreas species complex. Species identified as B. boreas (red), B. nelsoni (brown), B. exsul (dark green), B. williamsi (light blue), B. nevadensis (light green), and B. monfontanus (dark blue).
FIG. 3 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])
FIG. 3. Molecular examination of B. boreas species complex. (A) The TCS haplotype network was constructed using 257 sequences (1,622 bp) obtained from toad sampling (Fig. 1B) resulting in 62 unique haplotypes. Circle sizes correspond with the number of individuals of a particular haplotype. Major haplotype clades identified within B. boreas (W–Western Great Basin [yellow], HL–Humboldt-Lahontan [blue], and S–Mojave [aqua]) and to localized species (B. canorus [purple], B. exsul [tan], B. nelsoni [orange], B. williamsi [red]) and highlight the genetic divergence of both B. nevadensis (mauve) and B. monfontanus (brown). (B) Maximum likelihood tree derived from the control region of mitochondrial genome. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein, 1985). See Data Accessibility for tree file.
FIG. 3 in Few Impacts of Introduced Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) on Aquatic Stages of Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)
FIG. 3. Estimated relationships between Cutthroat Trout habitat use and water depth (a), vegetation density (b), and temperature (c) by using the most parsimonious occupancy model, Ψ(size + depth + veg + temp), p(.), during the embryo stage of Boreal Toad development. Relationships with each covariate is plotted using the average values of other covariates. The dashed line designates the relationship for small Cutthroat Trout, and the solid line represents the relationships for large Cutthroat Trout. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. In (a) and (b), the circles indicate the vegetation density and predicted use at the three egg mass locations. In (c), the squares indicate the average morning temperatures and predicted use at the three egg mass locations. The triangles represent the same for the average evening temperatures.
FIG. 1 in Few Impacts of Introduced Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) on Aquatic Stages of Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)
FIG. 1. Map of Rocky Mountain National Park and its major water bodies. The two study sites, Spruce Lake and Fay Lakes, are denoted by black triangles.
FIG. 2 in Few Impacts of Introduced Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) on Aquatic Stages of Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)
FIG. 2. Photograph of two caged Boreal Toad egg mass halves at Spruce Lake. The paired exposed egg mass halves are not visible, but located directly adjacent to each cage.
Data from: Temporal population genetic instability in range edge Western Toads, Anaxyrus boreas
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Annotated transcriptome data from: Transcriptome annotation reveals minimal immunogenetic diversity among Wyoming toads, Anaxyrus baxteri
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FIG. 6 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])
FIG. 6. Photographs of Bufo (Anaxyrus) nevadensis, new species, holotype (CAS 259272). Female toad in life: (A) dorsal view and (B) ventral view; and in preservative: (C) dorsal view and (D) ventral view. Photographs taken by M. R. Gordon.
FIG. 1 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])
FIG. 1. Sampling localities of congeneric taxa within the B. boreas species complex included for morphological (A) and DNA (B) collections within the hydrological Great Basin and surrounding states (Gordon et al., 2017). (A) Colors indicate species-specific populations measured for morphological analysis, with stars denoting new species. (B) Colors correspond with localized species and colors of B. boreas correspond with major mtDNA haplotype clades: W–Oregon and Western Great Basin (yellow), HL–Humboldt-Lahontan (blue), S–Mojave (aqua), and stars denote new species, which comprise the Eastern Great Basin clade (E). Maps created using ArcGIS software by ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute, 2011, ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10. Redlands, CA).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.