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104 results for “Animal Ecology”
A systematic review of global road ecology camera trap studies that monitored animals' use of wildlife crossings in road-fragmented landscapes
<p>Much research has emphasised the importance of incorporating wildlife crossing-structures in the design of road networks to facilitate connectivity of wildlife crossings in road-fragmented landscapes. Although camera traps have been effective in monitoring wildlife crossing structures, limited studies explore camera trap protocol to monitor wildlife use of crossing structures, particularly in Africa. Our study reviewed and assessed camera trap peer-reviewed research that monitored the use of crossing-structures by wildlife to navigate landscapes fragmented by roads. We found 70 camera trap peer-reviewed publications from 2001 to 2022 that monitored wildlife use of crossing-structures in landscapes intersected by roads, and these were from 22 countries and six continents. The included peer-reviewed studies varied significantly globally, with geographical trends indicating that most studies were conducted in North America. However, the methods used varied considerably between studies, especially in terms of camera trap placement protocol (placement height of camera trap, survey length, and camera multi-shot settings). This showed that camera trap usage for monitoring animal use of crossing structures is still an emerging area of research, and there is a potential for developing a standardised protocol for each type of crossing structure design and size. Future camera trap studies exploring wildlife use of crossing-structures should consider monitoring existing crossing structures (culverts, bridges, and tunnels) as this provides a less costly method of restoring landscape connectivity. We recommend that further research develop a standardised camera trap protocol for monitoring wildlife using crossing-structures to reduce the threats to biodiversity.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Lörz A-N, Tandberg AHS, Willassen E, Driskell A (2018) Rhachotropis (Eusiroidea, Amphipoda) from the North East Atlantic. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 75–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19814
Figure S1. Tree showing COI sequence cluster derived from ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) analysis using simple distances and default parameter settings. :
Supplementary material 2 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854
Supplementary material 2 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854
Supplementary material 3 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854
Supplementary material 3 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854
Supplementary material 1 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854
Table 1. Samples used for present study. : Explanation note: Stations are organised according to the percentage of amphipods identified to the family level. Only the stations marked in green were used for primer analysis, while all were the basis for map preparation. Amphipod taxa are presented from the most to the least abundant in all samples.
Supplementary material 1 from: Lörz A-N, Tandberg AHS, Willassen E, Driskell A (2018) Rhachotropis (Eusiroidea, Amphipoda) from the North East Atlantic. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 75–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19814
Table S1. Extended overview of all samples used in analyses with geographical and environmental details : Explanation note: Depths indicated in red have been found using the latitude and longitude information with the datapoint and the bathymetry-layer on Google Earth Pro. Depths indicated in blue are inferred from the general depths in the named (no latitude or longitude given) geographical location, given bathymetry-layer on Google Earth Pro.
Supplementary material 1 from: Jażdżewska AM, Corbari L, Driskell A, Frutos I, Havermans C, Hendrycks E, Hughes L, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Tandberg AHS, Vader W, Brix S (2018) A genetic fingerprint of Amphipoda from Icelandic waters – the baseline for further biodiversity and biogeography studies. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 55–73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19931
Table S1 : Explanation note: Amphipod and outgroup accession numbers in BOLD, GenBank and station data.
Supplementary material 4 from: Lörz A-N, Tandberg AHS, Willassen E, Driskell A (2018) Rhachotropis (Eusiroidea, Amphipoda) from the North East Atlantic. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 75–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19814
Figure S2. Bayesian consensus tree from COI sequences. Numbers on branches are posterior probabilities. See text for further information. :
Figure 1 in Can we agree on an ecological classification of subterranean animals?
Figure 1. Controversy of troglomorphy. The Niphargus case. (A) Niphargus hebereri Schellenberg (strictly cavernicolous); (B) N. stygius (Schiödte) (from caves and rock fissures); (C) N. valachicus Dobreanu et Manolache (from lowland pools and ditches); (D) N. krameri Schellenberg (from small surface streams, sometimes in caves). Scale bar approximately 10 mm. Specimen (D) preserved. Note that the absence of eyes is a primary character of the genus; absence of pigmentation is a troglomorphic character of both cave species. The strictly subterranean N. hebereri is not troglomorphic in its body proportions while the epigean N. krameri seemingly is.
Data from: An efficient method to exploit LiDAR data in animal ecology
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Data from: The role of social and ecological processes in structuring animal populations: a case study from automated tracking of wild birds
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Data from: Extracting spatio-temporal patterns in animal trajectories: an ecological application of sequence analysis methods
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Data from: Where do animals come from during post-fire population recovery? Implications for ecological and genetic patterns in post-fire landscapes
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Data from - Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic
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A systematic review of global road ecology camera trap studies that monitored animals’ use of wildlife crossings in road-fragmented landscapes
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Data from: Ecological forensics: using single point stable isotope values to infer seasonal schedules of animals after two diet switches
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Data from: Calculating the ecological impacts of animal-borne instruments on aquatic organisms
1. Animal-borne instruments provide researchers with valuable data to address important questions on wildlife ecology and conservation. However, these devices have known impacts on animal behaviour and energetics. Tags deployed on migrating animals may reduce reproductive output through increased energy demands or cause phenological mismatches of foraging and nesting events. For marine organisms, the only tagging guidelines that exist are based on lift and thrust impacts on birds – concepts that do not translate well to aquatic animals. Herein, we provide guidelines on assessing drag from animal-borne instruments and discuss the ecological impacts on marine organisms. Of particular concern is the effect of drag from instruments to the welfare of the animals and for the applicability of collected data to wild populations. 2. To help understand how drag from electronic tags affects marine animals in the wild, we used marine turtles as model aquatic organisms and conducted wind tunnel experiments to measure the fluid drag of various marine turtle body types with and without commercially available electronic tags (e.g. satellite, TDR, video cameras). We quantified the drag associated with carrying biotelemetry devices of varying frontal area and design (squared or tear drop shaped) and generated contour plots depicting percentage drag increase as a framework for evaluating tag drag by scientists and wildlife managers. Then, using concepts of fluid dynamics, we derived a universal equation estimating drag impacts from instruments across marine taxa. 3. The drag of the marine turtle casts was measured in wind speeds from 2 to 30 m s−1 (Re 3·0 × 104–1·9 × 106), equivalent to 0·1–1·9 m s−1 in seawater. The drag coefficient (CD) of the marine turtles ranged from 0·11 to 0·22, which is typical of other large, air-breathing, marine vertebrates (0·08–0·26). The CD of tags in reference to the turtle casts was 0·91 ± 0·18 and most tags caused minimal additional drag (<5%) to adult animals, but the same devices increased the drag for juveniles significantly (>100%). The sensitivity of aquatic animals to instrument drag is a dynamic relationship between the fluid flow patterns, or CD, and the frontal area ratio of the animal and tag. 4. In this paper, we have outlined methods for quantifying the drag costs from animal-borne instrumentation considering the instrument retention time (time to release from the animal) and the activity of the instrumented animal. With this valuable tool, researchers can quantify the drag costs from animal-borne instrumentation and choose appropriate tags for their intended study organism and question. Reducing drag will ultimately reduce the impact on the instrumented animals and lead to greater biological realism in the collected data.
Data from: Cryptic ecology among host generalist Campylobacter jejuni in domestic animals
Homologous recombination between bacterial strains is theoretically capable of preventing the separation of daughter clusters, and producing cohesive clouds of genotypes in sequence space. However, numerous barriers to recombination are known. Barriers may be essential such as adaptive incompatibility, or ecological, which is associated with the opportunities for recombination in the natural habitat. Campylobacter jejuni is a gut colonizer of numerous animal species and a major human enteric pathogen. We demonstrate that the two major generalist lineages of C. jejuni do not show evidence of recombination with each other in nature, despite having a high degree of host niche overlap and recombining extensively with specialist lineages. However, transformation experiments show that the generalist lineages readily recombine with one another in vitro. This suggests ecological rather than essential barriers to recombination, caused by a cryptic niche structure within the hosts.
Data from: Evolutionary ecology of beta-lactam gene clusters in animals
Beta-lactam biosynthesis was thought to occur only in fungi and bacteria, but we recently reported the presence of isopenicillin N synthase in a soil-dwelling animal, Folsomia candida. However, it has remained unclear whether this gene is part of a larger beta-lactam biosynthesis pathway and how widespread the occurrence of penicillin biosynthesis is among animals. Here, we analyzed the distribution of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes throughout the animal kingdom and identified a beta-lactam gene cluster in the genome of F. candida (Collembola), consisting of isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS), and two cephamycin C genes (cmcI and cmcJ) on a genomic scaffold of 0.76 Mb. All genes are transcriptionally active and are inducible by stress (heat shock). A beta-lactam compound was detected in vivo using an ELISA beta-lactam assay. The gene cluster also contains an ABC transporter which is co-regulated with IPNS and ACVS after heat shock. Furthermore, we show that different combinations of beta-lactam biosynthesis genes are present in over 60% of springtail families but they are absent from genome- and transcript libraries of other animals including close relatives of springtails (Protura, Diplura, and insects). The presence of beta-lactam genes is strongly correlated with an eudaphic (soil-living) lifestyle. Beta-lactam genes IPNS and ACVS each form a phylogenetic clade in between bacteria and fungi, while cmcI and cmcJ genes cluster within bacteria. This suggests a single horizontal gene transfer event most probably from a bacterial host, followed by differential loss in more recently evolving species.
Supplementary material 1 from: Conan A, Fleitz J, Garnier L, Le Brishoual M, Handrich Y, Jumeau J (2022) Effectiveness of wire netting fences to prevent animal access to road infrastructures: an experimental study on small mammals and amphibians. In: Santos S, Grilo C, Shilling F, Bhardwaj M, Papp CR (Eds) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions. Nature Conservation 47: 271-281. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.71472
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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