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87 results for “Animal evolution”
Fig. 7 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 7 | Details of anterior of Castle Bank euarthropod A (NMW.2021.3 G.8). a Anterior of head including lateral sclarites, rectangular elements and spinose proboscis with annulations (b) Details of spinose proboscis and annulations; an annulation, ic internal canal of proboscis, ls-l left lateral sclerite, ls-r right lateral sclerite,mr marginalrimtocarapace element,pr proboscis,rerectangular element posterior to lateral sclerites, sp spine.
Fig. 3 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 3 | Details of proboscis of Mieridduryn bonniae nov. gen. et sp. (NMW.2021.3 G.7) under different lighting conditions. a S8 microscope, cross-polarised light, stitched images, with contrast increased. b M125 microscope under high angle light. an annulation, sp spine.
Fig. 6 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 6 | Castle Bank euarthropod A (NMW.2021.3 G.8) from the Castle Bank biota. a Overview of whole specimen. Boxes indicate areas detailed in Fig. 7. b Explanatory drawing of (a). an annulations of proboscis, cf-l leftblades of caudal fan, cf-r right blades of caudalfan, df dorsal furrow in trunk, fl dorsolateral flap, ic internal canal of proboscis, ls lateral sclerite, pr proboscis, re subrectangular elements posterior to lateral sclerites, sp spine on proboscis.
Fig. 8 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 8 | Details of Castle Bank euarthropod A (NMW.2021.3 G.8), photographed using fluorescence. a Overview of whole specimen. b Details of tail fan with spinose margin. c Details of proboscis with dorsal spines. sp spine.
Fig. 2 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 2 | Details of anterior of Mieridduryn bonniae nov. gen. et sp. (NMW.2021.3 G.7). a Anteriorof the head region including proboscis, mouth, gut, view of anterior details including spinous proboscis, mouth and gut. b Mouth and anterior flapswith strengtheningrays.c Explanatory drawingof (b). anannulations on proboscis, gu gut, lfleftdorsolateral flap, mo mouth, rf rightdorsolateral flap, sb setal blades, sp spines on proboscis, sr strengthening rays.
Fig. 1 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 1 | Mieridduryn bonniae nov. gen. et sp. from the Castle Bank Biota (NMW.2021.3 G.7). a Overview of whole specimen. Boxes indicate areas depicted in Fig. 2. b Explanatory drawing of (a). Dashed white line indicates ventralmost point of left dorsolateral flaps, and demonstrates the twisted nature of the specimen. Bluelinesindicate filamentous setalstructures.dsdorsalsclerite,gu gut, lfleftdorsolateral flap, llleftlobopod, momouth,pr proboscis,rf rightdorsolateral flap, rl right lobopod, sr strengthening ray, sp dorsal spines on proboscis.
Fig. 5 in Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Fig. 5 | Details of trunk of Mieridduryn bonniae nov. gen. et sp. (NMW.2021.3 G.7). a Overview of trunk. b Details of left dorsolateral flap and associated setal blades. c, d details of lobopodous limbs with annulations and spines. an annulations on lobopodous limbs, lf left dorsolateral flap, ll left lobopodous limb, sb setal blade, sp spines on posterior margin of lobopodous limb.
Replication data in the form of simulation outputs for "The joint evolution of animal movement and competition strategies"
<p>This version of the data is a re-upload of an identical dataset uploaded to DataverseNL. The data are being uploaded here for uniformity of archiving with the other supplementary materials accompanying the manuscript, "The joint evolution of animal movement and competition strategies", which is accepted for publication in <em>The American Naturalist</em>.</p> <p>The dataset consists of a single zipped folder, data/, which contains subfolders with the simulation specific data. These subfolders are named 'sim_SCENARIO_rep_NNN_gro_RMAX', where 'SCENARIO' refers to the three scenarios of the model described in our manuscript, 'NNN' is the replicate number, and 'RMAX' is the maximum cell productivity in that simulation.</p> <p>Each of the subfolders consists of the following:</p> <ol> <li>The directory ‘depends/’, which holds the ‘extract.exe’ program. This program is used to extract specific data from the stored simulation output.</li> <li>The ‘sourceMe.R’ file allows the ‘extract.exe’ program to be linked to R, delivering the required data as a list object that can be handled in R.</li> <li>The stored simulation data on agents, as a series of ‘.arc’ and ‘.bin’ files.</li> <li>The ecological snapshots of the landscape, with prey items, foragers, kleptoparasites, and handlers (depending on the scenario), which are stored as PNG files named ‘00NNN.png’, where NNN is a three digit representation of the generation number (e.g. 001 for generation 1).</li> <li>Cumulative sums of the numbers of prey items, foragers, kleptoparasites, the intake from foraging (searching for prey), and the intake from the kleptoparasitic strategy (searching for handlers), on each cell of the landscape, for each of the last 9 generations of the simulation, as ‘NNN.txt’, where LAYER may be ‘items’ (prey items), ‘foragers’ (foragers), ‘klepts’ (kleptoparasites), ‘foragers_intake’ (the intake from the foraging strategy), or ‘klepts_intake’ (the intake due the kleptoparasite strategy. NB: These files are not used in our analyses, and may be ignored.</li> </ol> <p>'SCENARIO' may be one of “foragers” (scenario 1), “obligate” (scenario 2), or “facultative” (scenario 3).</p> <p>'NNN' may be one of “001”, “002”, or “003”.</p> <p>'RMAX' may be one of “0.001”, “0.005”, “0.01”, “0.02”, “0.03”, “0.04”, or “0.05”. The manuscript presents results for 'RMAX' = 0.01.</p>
Reference data from the Pathomove simulation, for the manuscript "Novel pathogen introduction triggers rapid evolution in animal social movement strategies"
<p>This is a reference dataset of multiple runs of the 'Pathomove' simulation, to accompany the manuscript "Novel pathogen introduction rapidly alters the evolution of movement, restructuring animal societies". The datasets are in the form of R data objects saved as Rds files.</p> <p>This version of the data is intended to accompany a resubmission to <em>eLife</em>.</p>
Deep-time convergent evolution in animal communication presented by shared adaptations for coping with noise in lizards and other animals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
VFTS meeting: animation of main-sequence model evolution
<p>This animation shows the evolution of our binary and single stellar models from 2Myr to 100Myr. We populate 3763 binaries, whose primary mass is in the range of 3Msun to 100Msun, following a Salpeter IMF with an exponent of -2.37. The mass ratio is uniformly distributed from 0.1 to 1. The orbital period logP is uniformly distributed from the minimum value at which the two stars would contact initially to 3.5. Both components rotate at half of their critical velocities initially. </p> <p>Considering a binary fraction of 70%, we populate 1612 single stars with vi=0.5. In addition, we also populate 537 slowly-rotating single stars with vi=0.2 to reproduce the observed blue MS in young star clusters. The number is chosen such that the ratio between the slow and fast rotators is 1/3, which is the same as the ratio of observed blue and red MS stars. </p> <p>Gravity darkening and observational errors are included. Filled circles correspond to single stellar models, while open symbols correspond to binaries with different companions. Single stellar tracks with vi=0.5 are plotted with solid grey lines. The black dotted line represents the ZAMS line of vi=0.2 single stellar models. In the legend, the number in each group outside the parenthesis corresponds to the number of stars whose color and magnitude are in the figure range. While the number in the parenthesis corresponds to the number of stars above the orange dashed line, which is 1.75 mag below the turn-off magnitude. </p>
Animations of the evolution of misfits
<p>Supplement animations of the misfit for 'Numerical stabilization methods for level-set-based ice front migration' </p>
Animation for "Rapid Evolution of Bald Patches in a Major Solar Eruption"
<p>Animation of Figure 1 and 4 of Lee, Sun, & Kazachenko (2020), ApJL, "Rapid Evolution of Bald Patches in a Major Solar Eruption".</p> <p>Animation 1. The animation (18 s, 88 frames) shows bald patch (BP) evolution from 10:49:30 UT to 13:00:00 UT. The background shows the positive (negative) polarity B_z in white (black). Vectors show B_h with foot points in the positive (negative) B_z in blue (red). The polarity inversion line (PIL) and BPs are shown by the green line and yellow/orange circles, respectively. The gray contour is for B_z = 300 G. The X9.3 flare has a GOES start, peak, and end time in soft X-ray flux at 11:53 UT, 12:02 UT, and 12:10 UT, respectively. Prior to the flare, Region 1 gradually built more BPs along the PIL. Throughout the duration of the flare and afterwards, BPs in Region 1 disintegrated. BPs in Region 2 largely remained the same and survived the flare. The large amount of pixel masking occurring in the central regions of the AR and extending into both polarities during the flare is an artifact of flare ribbons, leading to many masked pixels. It can be seen in more detail in the Animation 4.</p> <p>Animation 4. The animation (18 s, 88 frames) shows the flare ribbon evolution from 10:49:30 UT to 13:00:00 UT. During the onset of eruption, ribbons developed along the PIL within Region 1 and exterior to the PIL in Region 2. Prior to the flare peak, flare ribbons propagated along and separated away from the PIL covering the entirety of Region 1 and Region 2.</p>
How relaxed preferences facilitate the evolution of novel animal signals
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Data from: Plasticity of animal genome architecture unmasked by rapid evolution of a pelagic tunicate
Genomes of animals as different as sponges and humans show conservation of global architecture. Here we show that multiple genomic features including transposon diversity, developmental gene repertoire, physical gene order, and intron-exon organization are shattered in the tunicate Oikopleura, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates and retaining chordate morphology. Ancestral architecture of animal genomes can be deeply modified and may therefore be largely nonadaptive. This rapidly evolving animal lineage thus offers unique perspectives on the level of genome plasticity. It also illuminates issues as fundamental as the mechanisms of intron gain.
Data from: Evolution of diet across the animal Tree of Life
What an animal eats is a fundamental aspect of its biology, but the evolution of diet has not been studied across animal phylogeny. Here, we performed a large-scale phylogenetic analysis to address three unresolved questions about the evolution of animal diets. (i) Are diets conserved across animal phylogeny? (ii) Does diet influence rates of species proliferation (diversification) among animal phyla? (iii) What was the ancestral diet of animals and major animal clades? We analyzed diet data for 1,087 taxa, proportionally sampled among animal phyla based on the relative species richness of phyla. Our survey suggests that across animals, carnivory is most common (~63%), herbivory less common (~32%), and omnivory relatively rare (~3%). Despite considerable controversy over whether ecological traits are conserved or labile, we found strong conservatism in diet over extraordinarily deep timescales. We found that diet is unrelated to rates of species diversification across animal phyla, contrasting with previous studies showing that herbivory increased diversification within some important groups (e.g. crustaceans, insects, mammals). Finally, we estimated that the ancestor of all animals was most likely carnivorous, as were many major phyla (e.g. arthropods, mollusks, chordates). Remarkably, our results suggest that many carnivorous species living today may have maintained this diet through a continuous series of carnivorous ancestors for >800 million years.
Evolution and stability of social learning in animal migration - Figure genation
<p>Code and Data to generate figures in article "Evolution and stability of social learning in animal migration" (n.d.)</p> <p> </p> <p>Run Article_Figures.m to generate all plots. See README for details.</p>
Data from: Why are animals conspicuously colored? Evolution of sexual versus warning signals in land vertebrates
<p>Conspicuous colors (e.g. red, yellow, blue) have evolved numerous times across animals. But the function of this coloration can differ radically among species. Many species use this coloration as a sexual signal to conspecifics, whereas others use it as a warning signal to predators. Why do different species evolve conspicuous coloration in association with one function as opposed to the other? We address this question in terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods) using phylogenetic approaches and test whether day-night activities of species help determine these patterns. Using phylogenetic logistic regression, we found that conspicuous, sexually dimorphic coloration is significantly associated with diurnal lineages (e.g. many birds and lizards). By contrast, the evolution of warning signals was significantly associated with large-scale clades that were ancestrally nocturnal (e.g. snakes, amphibians), regardless of the current diel activity of species. Overall, we show that the evolution of conspicuous coloration as warning signals or sexual signals is influenced by the ecology of species, both recently and in the ancient past.</p>
Figure 2 in Early animal Two hypotheses for the early radiation of the metazoans are evolution: a morphologist 's view.
Figure 2. Early animal evolution according to the Ctenophora hypothesis (based on homoplasies)ı with an indication of gains of important characters. Homoplasies are in red.
Figure 1 in Early animal Two hypotheses for the early radiation of the metazoans are evolution: a morphologist 's view.
Figure 1. Early animal phylogeny according to the Porifera hypothesis with an indication of gains of important characters. Neurotransmitters A and Bı see the text.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.