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Figure 8 in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 8. (a) Flank of Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1 (MIC-V662). (b) Detail of the uppermost dorsal scale row in the pre-anal region; ant, anteriad.

Figure 7 in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 7. Squamation of the flank of Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1 from the La Cantera Formation. (a) Pre-anal scale patch in MIC-V635. (b) Scales from caudal peduncle of MIC-V523. Note that the lateral line passes through them; asll, additional pore of lateral line or pitline; ll, main lateral line; ant, anteriad.

Figure 6. Teleosteomorpha n in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 6. Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1. Rounded ventral pre-anal scales in specimen MIC-V621b. Note the growth lines; ant, anteriad.

Figure 5 in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 5. Inner view of middle flank scales of Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1, showing main elements of peg-and-socket articulation, the keel, the groove, and the peg. (a) Picture and camera lucida drawing of some scales of specimen MIC-V523. (b) SEM photograph of one of the scales of sample MIC-V706a; ant, anteriad.

Figure 2. Teleosteomorpha n in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 2. Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1. (a) MIC-V701a one of the most complete specimens from the La Cantera Formation. (b) Specimen MIC-V703a, showing body completely covered by ganoid scales.

Figure 1 in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 1. (a) Geographic provenance of specimens from the La Cantera Formation, San Luis, Argentina. Star indicates the type locality. (b) Stratigraphic section in the type locality. (c) Interpretative stratigraphic sequence of La Cantera Formation at the type locality. Courtesy of Gabriela Castillo-Elías.

Figure 3 in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 3. Sample of pre-anal ganoid scales with well-developed peg-and-socket articulation of Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1. (a) MIC-V634, an isolated mid-flank scale, which carries the lateral line. (b) A ventral flank scale of specimen MIC-V631, showing a serrated posteroventral margin. (c) Specimen MIC-V706b, inner surface of another ventral flank scale, with serrated posteroventral margin and the typical keel and groove for peg-and-socket articulation. (d) SEM photograph (×50) of specimen MIC-V706a; ant, anteriad.

Figure 4 in Scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the Aptian of West Gondwana

Figure 4. Post-anal rhombic scales of Teleosteomorpha n. sp. 1. from the La Cantera Formation. (a) MIC-V699, an isolated scale. (b) Sample MIC-V706b, showing concentric pattern of growth lines in external view. (c) Other sample of MIC-V706b under SEM; growth lines on external surface.

Fig. 9 Drumul lui Lehman. a in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 9 Drumul lui Lehman. a The stratigraphic contact between the Valanginian limestones and the monomictic Aptian breccia (marked by white line). b Detail from the contact area. c, d Monomictic breccia. 567, 620 = sample numbers. Scale bar for c and d = 2 cm.

Fig. 8 in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 8 Microfossils from the Aptian breccia and conglomerate pebbles in the Padinile Frumoase area. a-c, f, g Unidentified orbitolinids. d Rectodyctioconus giganteus Schroeder. e Mesorbitolina parva (Douglass). h Unidentified?involutinid foraminifer. i Montsalevia salevensis (Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti). j unidentified biserial foraminifer. k Pfenderina neocomiensis (Pfender). l Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach); m Terebella lapilloides Münster. n Neomeris cretacea Steinmann. o Griphoporella sp. p Carpathoporella occidentalis Dragastan. q Clypeina parasolkani Farinacci & Radoičić. r Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott. s Coscinophragma cribrosa (Reuss). a, b, sample 266; c, e, m, n, p, s, sample 271; d, i, j, k, q, r, sample 275; f, h, o, sample 279; g, sample 272; l, sample 568. Scale bar = 1 mm (a-c, f); 0.5 mm (d, e, g, h, o, q); 0.25 mm (i-m, p).

Fig. 7 in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 7 Facies and microfacies from the upper Valanginian (a-b) and Aptian (c-h). a-b Bioclastic intraclastic floatstone. Intraclasts consist of peloidal packstone with echinoderms (a1, b1), bioclastic packstone with sponge spicules and coral fragments (a2), and peloidal packstone with small foraminifera (b2). The matrix (m) contains calpionellids and calcispheres. The arrows in a are delineating the shape of the intraclasts. c Limestone-rich breccia. Clasts are embedded in a micritic/clay-rich matrix that contains silt-sized quartz. The matrix contains orbitolinids (indicated by the small yellow arrows). d Marly clast with bioclasts and glauconite. e Coral-rich bioconstruction with dissolved corals. f Clast containing abundant sponge and Lithocodium crusts (center). In the upper right corner the carbonate components of the clast are dissolved. g Clasts from an orbitolinid-rich peloidal bioclastic grainstone; orbitolinids are present both in the matrix and the clasts. h Clast composed of an orbitolinid/green algae-bearing packstone (left) and clast that contains peloidal fenestral wackestone (right) (detail from photo g). a, b, sample 258; c-f, sample 266; g, h, sample 272. Scale

Fig. 6 in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 6 Microfossils from the lower Valanginian limestones and the upper Valanginian limestones/marly-limestones. a-c Pseudocyclammina lituus (Yokoyama); d Coscinoconus cf. cherchiae (Arnaud-Vanneau, Boisseau & Darsac); e-j Montsalevia salevensis (Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti); k-o Meandrospira favrei (Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti); p-s Unidentified calpionellids; t, u Cadosina fusca Wanner; v, w Crustocadosina semiradiata Wanner; x, y Stomiosphaera echinata Nowak. a, h, sample 12817; b, i, sample 256; c, d, sample 257; e, sample 260; f, g, p, u, sample 12818; j, x, y, sample 249; k, r, sample 252; l,q, v, w, sample 12816; m, n, o, s, t, sample 258. Scale bar = 0.5 mm (a-b); 0.25 mm (c-o); 0.125 mm (p-y).

Fig. 3 Padinile Frumoase outcrop a in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 3 Padinile Frumoase outcrop a The lower Valanginian-upper Valanginian unconformity (yellow line) and the transgressive contact between the Valanginian limestones and the Aptian deposits (breccia and conglomerates) (white line). b Monomictic breccia. c The first outcrop located above the contact area (~3m). d Monomictic orthoconglomerates with common carbonate pebbles. e Monomictic paraconglomerates with carbonate pebbles. 272, 280, 291 = sample numbers. Scale bar for b, d, e = 2 cm.

Fig. 5 in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 5 Lower Valanginian limestones and upper Valanginian limestones/marly-limestones (enlargement view of the left area in Fig. 3a). a The unconformity between the lower Valanginian limestones and upper Valanginian limestones/marly limestones (yellow line). The thin-bedded upper Valanginian carbonate beds are lying over thick-bedded shallow-water lower Valanginian limestones. b Bioclastic intraclastic grainstone; note the presence of dissolution structures filled with vadous silt. c Peloidal bioclastic packstone with dissolution structures. d Bioclastic wackestone passing to a peloidal bioclastic packstone. e, f Peloidal bioclastic packstone, with sintaxial overgrowth cement being developed on the echinoderm plates. g Peloidal bioclastic packstone/grainstone with Lithocodium nodules. b, c, sample 12817; d, e, sample 12816; f, sample 11827; g, sample 12819. Scale bar = 1 mm (b-g).

Fig. 10 in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 10 Microfacies and microfossils identified in the limestone pebbles of the Aptian breccia and conglomerates from the Drumul lui Lehman section. a Bioclastic intraclastic floatstone with intraclasts of bioclastic wackestone; the matrix contains orbitolinids, echinoderm plates and silt-sized quartz extraclast. b Intraclasts composed of fenestral wackestone and peloidal fenestral grainstone. c Pebbles originating form reefal bioconstructions. The corals are encrusted by microproblematic organisms. d Rudist fragment and sponges (chaetetids). e Pebble consisting of a peloidal bioclastic packstone with?Vercorsella sp. (indicated by the arrows). f Carbonate pebble with dissolution structures; cavities are bordered by fine crystalline, schalenoedric cements. The interior is filled with clay minerals and iron oxides. g Pebble consisting of a peloidal fenestral packstone; the fenestral structures are filled with vadous silt and sediment derived from the breccia's matrix. h Intensely dissolved carbonate clasts; the clasts and the cavities are bordered by fine crystalline, schalenoedric cement. a,

Fig. 1 in The Berriasian-Valanginian And Aptian Deposits From The North-Western Part Of The Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic Relationships, Facies And Depositional Environments

Fig. 1 Location of the Aptian deposits on the geological map of the northern part of the Piatra Craiului Massif [based on the maps 1:50000, sheets110a to 110d (Dimitrescu et al., 1971; Patrulius et al., 1971; Săndulescu et al., 1972; Dimitrescu et al., 1974), redrawn with minor changes]

Fig. 5 in New brachyuran crabs from the Aptian-Albian Romualdo Formation, Santana Group of Brazil: Evidence for a Tethyan connection to the Araripe Basin

Fig. 5. Brachyura indet. (right cheliped) from the upper Aptian–lower Albian Romualdo Formation of the Santana Group, Araripe Basin, Pernambuco. DGEO-CTG-UFPE-7743, possibly akin to Araripecarcinus ferreirai Martins-Neto, 1987.

Fig. 2 in New brachyuran crabs from the Aptian-Albian Romualdo Formation, Santana Group of Brazil: Evidence for a Tethyan connection to the Araripe Basin

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic sections (A1–D1) and field photographs (A2–D2) of the upper Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation, Pernambuco, Brazil, where the new brachyuran crabs were discovered: Arrojado site (A), municipality of Araripina, Zé Gomes (B), Cedro (C), and Santo Antônio (D) sites, municipality of Exu. Scale bars 25 cm.

Fig. 4 in New brachyuran crabs from the Aptian-Albian Romualdo Formation, Santana Group of Brazil: Evidence for a Tethyan connection to the Araripe Basin

Fig. 4.?Eogeryonid brachyuran Romualdocarcinus salesi Prado and Luque gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Aptian–lower Albian Romualdo Formation of the Santana Group, Araripe Basin, Pernambuco, Brazil. A. Holotype DGEO-CTG-UFPE-8122; A1, dorsal view showing the two anterolateral spines, the epibranchial spine, and the outer orbital spine; A2, close-up of rostrum and left orbit showing the inner-, intra-, and outer- orbital spines; A3, inverted colour image of A2, showing the short and wide inner and outer orbital fissures. B. Paratype DGEO-CTG-UFPE-8119; B1, dorsal carapace; B2, inverted colour image of B1 showing the outer orbital spine and the two anterolateral spines. C. Paratype DGEO-CTG-UFPE-8137; C1, dorsal carapace; C2, inverted colour image of C1, showing the anterolateral spines and the short epibranchial spine. D. Paratype DGEO-CTG-UFPE- 8127; D1, SEM image of dorsal carapace; D2, inverted colour image of D1, showing the anterolateral spines and the short epibranchial spine. Abbreviations: as, anterolateral spines; ios, inner orbital spine; iof, innermost orbital fissure; its, intra-orbital spine; oof, outermost orbital fissure; oos, outer orbital spine. All specimens photographed dry and uncoated, except for C1, which was coated with ammonium chloride.

Fig. 1. A in New brachyuran crabs from the Aptian-Albian Romualdo Formation, Santana Group of Brazil: Evidence for a Tethyan connection to the Araripe Basin

Fig. 1. A. Map showing the known occurrences (stars) of orithopsid and eubrachyuran genera in the Early Cretaceous of South America: upper Aptian– lower Albian San Gil Inferior Formation, Boyacá and upper Aptian Paja Formation, Santander, Colombia and upper Aptian–lower Albian Romualdo Formation, Araripe Basin, Brazil. B. Sedimentary basins of northeast Brazil; arrows show the three possible routes of Cretaceous marine ingression into the Araripe Basin. C. New fossiliferous localities (stars) with brachyuran crabs from upper Aptian–lower Albian Romualdo Formation, Araripe Basin, Pernambuco, Brazil (base map modified from Assine 2007).