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125 results for “Araneomorphae”
FIGURE 5 in Neoichnology of the burrowing spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) and Hogna lenta(Araneomorphae: Lycosidae)
FIGURE 5. Burrow production by Hogna lenta. 1–2, Spider pushes headfirst into the sediment until it is nearly covered. 3, Spider turns around inside the chamber to face outward. 4, Spider applies silk to the sediment and moves it around. 5, Spider covers itself in silk-lined sediment. 6, Spinnerets gathering sediment together to form a trapdoor. The sediment surrounding the spider and its burrow has been lightened.
Figure 7 in Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 7. Eustala sp. 8 resting on vegetation. The spider remains holding a thread connected with the web hub. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 6 in Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 6. Regression between body length and dry weight of six spider genera captured by Trypoxylon albonigrum and/or T. lactitarse (r250.951, P,0.001, n530). 1, Araneus; 2, Alpaida; 3, Wagneriana; 4, Mangora; 5, Parawixia; 6, Eustala.
Figure 4 in Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 4. Comparison between size distribution of spiders collected in Trypoxylon albonigrum nests with spiders belonging to the three most abundant genera in prey availability surveys.
Figure 1 in Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 1. (A) Trypoxylon albonigrum nests. (B) Female arriving at the nest site after collecting mud. The male keeps guarding the nest entrance while she is hunting or collecting mud. (C) Spiders stored in a cell. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Neoichnology of the burrowing spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) and Hogna lenta(Araneomorphae: Lycosidae)
FIGURE 1. Basic spider morphology. Modified from Dipenaar-Schoeman (2002).
Figure 3 in Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 3. Relative abundance of the three most common spider genera in Trypoxylon albonigrum nests.
FIGURE 3 in A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
FIGURE 3. Example of a species page documented with standard views Cyrtognatha petila Dimitrov & Hormiga 2009. http:// www.unamfcaracnolab.com/WPGS_TUXV/tuxv.html
FIGURE 4 in A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
FIGURE 4. Species richness estimations. Red triangles with values indicated with (*) correspond to the species estimations for those treatments fitted to a lognormal distribution. White and red triangles over the x axis indicate higher overestimations.
FIGURE 5. Species richness estimations slopes. Jack 2s in A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
FIGURE 5. Species richness estimations slopes. Jack 2s indicates the slope average for these estimations based on incidence (BAT) and abundance (Bat and Estimates). Same averages were calculated for Jack 1s and Chao 1 and 2 estimation slopes. Column indicated with (*) correspond to the slope value for pitfalls under Chao's estimations.
Data from: The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)
A phylogenetic analysis of the two-clawed spiders grouped in Dionycha is presented, with 166 representative species of 49 araneomorph families, scored for 393 characters documented through standardized imaging protocols. The study includes 44 outgroup representatives of the main clades of Araneomorphae, and a revision of the main morphological character systems. Novel terminology is proposed for stereotyped structures on the chelicerae, and the main types of setae and silk spigots are reviewed, summarizing their characteristics. Clear homologs of posterior book lungs are described for early instars of Filistatidae, and a novel type of respiratory structure, the epigastric median tracheae, is described for some terminals probably related with Anyphaenidae or Eutichuridae. A new type of crypsis mechanism is described for a clade of thomisids, which in addition to retaining soil particles, grow fungi on their cuticle. Generalized patterns of cheliceral setae and macrosetae are proposed as synapomorphies of the Divided Cribellum and RTA clades. Dionycha is here proposed as a member of the Oval Calamistrum clade among the lycosoid lineages, and Liocranoides, with three claws and claw tufts, is obtained as a plausible sister group of the dionychan lineage. The morphology of the claw tuft and scopula is examined in detail and scored for 14 characters highly informative for relationships. A kind of seta intermediate between tenent and plumose setae (the pseudotenent type) is found in several spider families, more often reconstructed as a derivation from true tenent setae rather than as a phylogenetic intermediate. Corinnidae is retrieved in a restricted sense, including only the subfamilies Corinninae and Castianeirinae, while the "corinnid" genera retaining the median apophysis in the copulatory bulb are not clearly affiliated to any of the established families. Miturgidae is redefined, including Zoridae as a junior synonym. The Eutichuridae is raised to family status, as well as the Trachelidae and Phrurolithidae. New synapomorphies are provided for Sparassidae, Philodromidae, and Trachelidae. Philodromidae is presented as a plausible sister group of Salticidae, and these sister to Thomisidae; an alternative resolution placing thomisids in Lycosoidea is also examined. The Oblique Median Tapetum (OMT) clade is proposed for a large group of families including gnaphosoids, trachelids, liocranids, and phrurolithids, all having the posterior median eye tapeta forming a 90u angle, used for navigation by means of the polarized light in the sky as an optical compass; prodidomines seem to have further enhanced the mechanism by incorporating the posterior lateral eyes to the system. The Teutamus group is recognized for members of the OMT clade that are usually included in Liocranidae, but not closely related to Liocranum or phrurolithids. The Claw Tuft Clasper (CTC) clade is proposed for a group of families within the OMT clade, all having a peculiar mechanism grasping the folded base of the claw tuft setae with a hook on the superior claws. The CTC clade includes Trachelidae, Phrurolithidae, and several gnaphosoids such as Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gnaphosidae, and Prodidomidae. A remarkable syndrome involving the expansion of the anterior lateral spinnerets, often sexually dimorphic, is here reported for some Miturgidae and several members of the CTC clade, in addition to the known cases in Clubionidae and "Liocranidae." The following genera are transferred from Miturgidae to Eutichuridae: Calamoneta, Calamopus, Cheiracanthium, Cheiramiona, Ericaella, Eutichurus, Macerio, Radulphius, Strotarchus, Summacanthium, and Tecution; Lessertina is transferred from Corinnidae to Eutichuridae. The following genera are transferred to Miturgidae: Argoctenus, Elassoctenus, Hestimodema, Hoedillus, Israzorides, Odomasta, Simonus, Thasyraea, Tuxoctenus, Voraptus, Xenoctenus, Zora, and Zoroides, from Zoridae; Odo and Paravulsor, from Ctenidae; Pseudoceto from Corinnidae. The following genera are transferred from Corinnidae to Trachelidae: Afroceto, Cetonana, Fuchiba, Fuchibotulus, Meriola, Metatrachelas, Paccius, Paratrachelas, Patelloceto, Planochelas, Poachelas, Spinotrachelas, Thysanina, Trachelas, Trachelopachys, and Utivarachna. The following genera are transferred from Corinnidae to Phrurolithidae: Abdosetae, Drassinella, Liophrurillus, Plynnon, Orthobula, Otacilia, Phonotimpus, Phrurolinillus, Phrurolithus, Phruronellus, Phrurotimpus, Piabuna, and Scotinella. Dorymetaecus is transferred from Clubionidae to Phrurolithidae. Oedignatha and Koppe are transferred from Corinnidae to Liocranidae. Ciniflella is transferred from Amaurobiidae to Tengellidae.
FIGURE 24 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 24. Nuliodon fishburni sp. nov., female, scanning electron micrographs: a, tarsal trichobothria and cuticle, dorsal view; b, tarsal organ, dorsal view; c, claw tufts.
FIGURE 15 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 15. Mitzoruga elapines sp. nov., palpal tibia and cymbium, scanning electron micrographs: a, bulb, ventral view; b, cymbium and tibia, retrolateral view; c, RTA, retrolateral view; d, median apophysis, ventral view.
FIGURE 8 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 8. Diaprograpta peterandrewsi sp. nov., allotype, female: a, b: carapace and abdomen, dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views; c, spinnerets, ventral view; d, epigyne, external view. Scale line: a, 2mm; b, 1.16mm; c; 0.5mm; d, 0.34mm.
FIGURE 5 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 5. Diaprograpta hirsti sp. nov., holotype male, palpal tibia, cymbium and bulb: a, bulb, ventral view; b, tibia, cymbium and bulb, retrolateral view. Scale line: 0.5mm.
FIGURE 3 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 3. Diaprograpta abrahamsae sp. nov., holotype male, palpal tibia, cymbium and bulb: a, ventral view; b, tibia and cymbium, retrolateral view. Scale line: 0.5mm.
FIGURE 12 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 12. Eupograpta kottae sp. nov., allotype, female: a, b, epigyne, external (a) and internal (b) views.
FIGURE 4 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 4. Diaprograpta alfredgodfreyi sp. nov., holotype male, palpal tibia, cymbium and bulb: a, b, bulb, ventral views; c, tibia and cymbium, retrolateral view; d, RTA, retroventral view.
FIGURE 23 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 23. Nuliodon fishburni, sp. nov. Female QM S39530: a, b. epigyne, external (a) and internal (b) views.
FIGURE 14 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)
FIGURE 14. Mitzoruga elapines sp. nov., male: a, carapace, dorsal view; inset shows grate-shaped tapetum of PME of WAM 98/1693; b, palpal tibia and bulb, ventral view; c, tips of enlarged cymbial setae; d, shafts of enlarged cymbial setae; e, palpal tibia and bulb, retrolateral view; f, coxae III, IV, showing "thorns", ventral view; g, abdomen, dorsal view; h, sternum, maxillae and coxae, ventral view; I, claws and claw tufts; j, patella and tibia I, prolateral view, showing long bristles apically and distally on patella. Scale line: 2mm for a, g (same scale); 0.5 mm for b, e (same scale); 2mm for h, 1mm for f, j.
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