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145 results for “Aspen”
Aspen Fungal Canker Inventory at Previoulsy Established Monitoring and Inventory Plots Across Interior Alaska, Sampled 2016-2018
This dataset contains characterization of 88 study sites and inventory data for individual trees at these study sites recorded between 2016-2018. Canker was inventoried within previously established networks of long-term monitoring and inventory plots scattered across interior Alaska, and within additional sites selected specifically for this study. These included sites within the Bonanza Creek (BNZ) Experimental Forest (BCEF), and sites within the BNZ Regional Site Network (RSN), both maintained by the BNZ Long-Term Ecological Research program (BNZ LTER). We also surveyed plots within the Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI) network, a network of 203 sites representing a wide range of mature boreal forest stands scattered across interior and south-central Alaska including the Kenai Peninsula.
Tree regeneration after fire: Delta 1994 burn surveys, live aspen seedling diameters
Data for this study were collected in 2001 and 2002 by Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland). Sites were located within the perimeter of the 1994 burn southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West. Sites were selected from satellite classifications prepared by Eric Kasischke to represent different levels of burn severity and post-fire vegetation canopy greenness (NDVI). Site selection was constrained by road access, and only areas where all trees had been killed by the fire were selected. At each site, a central point was located in an area of visually homogeneous vegetation. Five parallel transects, each 50 m long, were laid out as follows: 1) the first transect started at the central point and followed a randomly-selected compass direction, 2) two additional transects were established parallel to the first, but at a random distance from the central transect up to 25 m distant. Vegetation was sampled in a 2-m wide belt centered on each transect, and soil samples were made at intervals along the transect line. Vegetation measurements included: a) basal diameters of all pre-fire trees greater than 1.3 m in height, b) counts of all post-fire tree seedlings, and c) basal diameters of tree seedlings and willows, measured in a randomly chosen 5x2 m portion of each transect. General notes were made on visual percent cover of different vegetation growth forms at the site. Destructive measurements of tree seedlings and willows made in 2001 were used to develop allometric equations to predict dry biomass from basal diameter. Measurements of soil organic layer depth were made at 5 m intervals with the use of a spade to excavate small chunks of sod. At one randomly-selected sample point per transect, a 10x10 cm sample of the organic layer was collected for bulk density measurements. Bulk density samples were dried in a 60degC oven for 48 hours and then w
DATASET: Evaluation of sorbents for high temperature removal of tars, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride and ammonia from biomass-derived syngas by using Aspen Plus
<p>Effect of S/B ratio on syngas; Effect of temperature on syngas; sensitivity analysis of H2S concentration respect to steam content in syngas; sensitivity analysis of H2S concentration respect to temperature.</p>
Climate-driven thermal opportunities and risks for leaf miners in aspen canopies
In tree canopies, incoming solar radiation interacts with leaves and branches to generate temperature differences within and among leaves, presenting thermal opportunities and risks for leaf-dwelling ectotherms. Although leaf biophysics and insect thermal ecology are well understood, few studies have examined them together in single systems. We examined temperature variability in aspen canopies, Populus tremuloides, and its consequences for a common herbivore, the leaf-mining caterpillar Phyllocnistis populiella. We shaded leaves in the field and measured effects on leaf temperature and larval growth and survival. We also estimated larval thermal performance curves for feeding and growth and measured upper lethal temperatures. Sunlit leaves directly facing the incoming rays reached the highest temperatures, typically 3 – 8 °C above ambient air temperature. Irradiance driven increases in temperatures, however, were transient enough that they did not alter observed growth rates of leaf miners. Incubator and ramping experiments suggested that larval performance peaks between 25 and 32 °C and declines to zero between 35 and 40 °C, depending on duration of temperature exposure. Upper lethal temperatures during one-hour heat shocks were 42 – 43 °C. When larvae were active in early spring, temperatures generally were low enough to depress rates of feeding and growth below their maxima, and only rarely did estimated mine temperatures rise beyond optimal temperatures. Observed leaf or mine temperatures never approached larval upper lethal temperatures. At this site during our experiments, larvae thus appeared to have a significant thermal safety margin; the more pressing problem was inadequate heat. Detailed information on mine temperatures and larval performance curves, however, allowed us to leverage long-term data sets on air temperature to estimate potential future shifts in performance and longer-term risks to larvae from lethally high temperatures. This analysis suggests that, in the past 20 years, larval performance has often been limited by cold and that the risk of heat stress has been low. Future warming will raise mean rates of feeding and growth but also the risk of exposure to injuriously or lethally high temperatures.
Dataset: Aspen Technology, Inc. (AZPN) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Рис. 1. Географическое поΛожение Норского заповеΑника (А) и картосхема распоΛожения на его территории (Б) учетных пΛощаΑок с фитоценозами (L_1–L_7) на Αвух мониторинговых станциях (I–II). I — МаΛьцевская: L_1 — березняк с участием осины и Λиственницы рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный; L_2 — осиново-беΛоберезовый рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный Λес; L_3 — Λиственничник с участием березы пΛоскоΛистной осоково-вейниковый с разнотравьем; L_4 — беΛоберезово-Λиственничный с примесью осины роΑоΑенΑроновый бруснично-осоковый Λес; L_5 — закустаренный, преимущественно тавоΛгой ивоΛистной, разнотравно-вейниковый Λуг. II — Антоновская: L_6 — Λиственничник роΑоΑенΑроново-брусничный; L_7 — Λиственнично-беΛоберезовый с примесью пихты и еΛи закустаренный разнотравно-вейниковый Λес (коΑ типа местообитания соответствуют таковому в табΛ. 1 и 3 и на рис. 2) Fig. 1. Geographical location of the Norsky Nature Reserve (A) and the map (B) of registration sites with phytocenoses (L_1–L_7) at two monitoring stations (I–II). I — Maltsevskaya: L_1 — birch forest with aspen and larch, fieldfare reed-forb; L_2 — aspen-white-birch, fieldfare reed-forb forest; L_3 — larch forest with flat-leaved sedge-reed birch with forbs; L_4 — white-birch-larch with an admixture of aspen rhododendron lingonberry-sedge forest; L_5 — bushy, mostly meadowsweet, forb-reed grass meadow. II — Antonovskaya: L_6 — rhododendron-cowberry larch forest; L_7 — larch-white-birch with fir and spruce, shrubby forb-reed grass forest (the code of the habitat type corresponds to that in Tables 1 and 3 and in Fig. 2) in Structure and dynamics of the taxocenes of shrews in different habitats of the Norsky nature reserve
Рис. 1. Географическое поΛожение Норского заповеΑника (А) и картосхема распоΛожения на его территории (Б) учетных пΛощаΑок с фитоценозами (L_1–L_7) на Αвух мониторинговых станциях (I–II). I — МаΛьцевская: L_1 — березняк с участием осины и Λиственницы рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный; L_2 — осиново-беΛоберезовый рябинниковый вейниково-разнотравный Λес; L_3 — Λиственничник с участием березы пΛоскоΛистной осоково-вейниковый с разнотравьем; L_4 — беΛоберезово-Λиственничный с примесью осины роΑоΑенΑроновый бруснично-осоковый Λес; L_5 — закустаренный, преимущественно тавоΛгой ивоΛистной, разнотравно-вейниковый Λуг. II — Антоновская: L_6 — Λиственничник роΑоΑенΑроново-брусничный; L_7 — Λиственнично-беΛоберезовый с примесью пихты и еΛи закустаренный разнотравно-вейниковый Λес (коΑ типа местообитания соответствуют таковому в табΛ. 1 и 3 и на рис. 2) Fig. 1. Geographical location of the Norsky Nature Reserve (A) and the map (B) of registration sites with phytocenoses (L_1–L_7) at two monitoring stations (I–II). I — Maltsevskaya: L_1 — birch forest with aspen and larch, fieldfare reed-forb; L_2 — aspen-white-birch, fieldfare reed-forb forest; L_3 — larch forest with flat-leaved sedge-reed birch with forbs; L_4 — white-birch-larch with an admixture of aspen rhododendron lingonberry-sedge forest; L_5 — bushy, mostly meadowsweet, forb-reed grass meadow. II — Antonovskaya: L_6 — rhododendron-cowberry larch forest; L_7 — larch-white-birch with fir and spruce, shrubby forb-reed grass forest (the code of the habitat type corresponds to that in Tables 1 and 3 and in Fig. 2)
Constructing a high-density linkage map to infer the genomic landscape of recombination rate variation in European Aspen (Populus tremula)
<p>Data sets and files for linkage map construction and for inferring recombination rate variation in <em>Populus tremula</em>. Associated scripts for analyses can be found at <a href="https://github.com/parkingvarsson/Recombination_rate_variation">https://github.com/parkingvarsson/Recombination_rate_variation</a> </p>
The effects of condensed tannins on behaviour and performance of a specialist aphid on Aspen
<p>Data and Rscripts used to generate the results in Díez Rodríguez, Kloth and Albrectsen: The effects of condensed tannins on behaviour and performance of a specialist aphid on Aspen.</p>
Climate-driven thermal opportunities and risks for leaf miners in aspen canopies
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Quantifying Sustainability and Drivers of Aspen Regeneration and Recruitment in Arizona 2020-2022
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) ecosystems are highly valued in the southwestern United States because of the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Aspen has experienced extensive mortality in recent decades, and there is evidence that many areas in Arizona, USA lack adequate recruitment to replace dying overstory trees. Maintaining sustainable levels of regeneration and recruitment (i.e., juveniles) is critical for promoting aspen ecosystem resilience and adaptive capacity, but questions remain about which factors currently limit juvenile aspen and which strategies are appropriate for managing aspen in an increasingly uncertain future. To fill these critical knowledge gaps, we sampled aspen populations across Arizona and collected data representing a suite of biotic and abiotic factors that potentially influence juvenile aspen. Specifically, we addressed two questions: (1) Is aspen sustainably regenerating and recruiting in Arizona? and (2) Which biotic and abiotic factors significantly influence aspen regeneration and recruitment? We found that many aspen populations in Arizona lack sustainable levels of juvenile aspen, and the status of recruitment was especially dire, with 40% of study plots lacking a single recruiting stem. Aspen regeneration was less abundant on warmer, drier sites, highlighting the threat that a rapidly warming climate poses to aspen sustainability. Aspen recruitment was significantly more abundant in areas with recent fire and had a strong positive relationship with fire severity. The most important limiting factors for aspen recruitment were ungulate browse, especially by introduced Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), and the invasive insect, oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi). We conclude with a discussion of how management can promote sustainability of aspen populations by addressing the array of threats that aspen faces, such as a warming climate, chronic ungulate browse, and outbreaks of oystershe
Extent, impacts, and drivers of oystershell scale invasions in aspen ecosystems in Arizona, USA 2020-2022
Invasive herbivores that kill foundation tree species pose a major threat to forest ecosystem sustainability. One important foundation tree species in the interior western United States is quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), which is threatened by recent outbreaks of an invasive insect, oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi; OSS). OSS outbreaks were first reported in 2016, when OSS began causing dieback and mortality of aspen in wildland forest settings in northern Arizona. Since then, OSS has been observed in other locations across Arizona and in other western states, and recent studies in Arizona have highlighted the threat that OSS poses to aspen sustainability, warranting a comprehensive survey of OSS invasions and their impacts on aspen ecosystems. We sampled aspen populations across Arizona and addressed three questions: (1) What is the geographic extent of OSS in Arizona? (2) What impacts does OSS have on aspen? (3) Which biotic and abiotic factors influence OSS abundance? We found that OSS was widespread in central Arizona and had a negative impact on aspen forest health. OSS was associated with crown damage and tree mortality, especially of intermediate-sized, recruiting stems. Climate was the most important driver of plot-level OSS abundance, with warmer, drier conditions resulting in significantly more OSS. OSS was also associated with less recent fire, presence of ungulate management strategies such as fenced exclosures, and stands with a greater density of aspen saplings. We conclude that active management is required to suppress OSS populations and mitigate damage to aspen ecosystems, and we provide OSS monitoring and management recommendations based on our findings.
Quantifying Oystershell Scale Phenology, Intensification, and Spread on Aspen in Arizona 2020-2022
Oystershell scale (OSS; Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) is an invasive insect that threatens sustainability of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the southwestern United States. OSS invasions have created challenges for land managers tasked with maintaining healthy aspen ecosystems for the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Active management is required to suppress OSS populations and mitigate damage to aspen ecosystems, but before management strategies can be implemented, critical knowledge gaps about OSS biology and ecology must be filled. This study sought to fill these gaps by addressing 3 questions: (i) What is the short-term rate of aspen mortality in OSS-infested stands in northern Arizona, USA? (ii) What are the short-term rates of OSS population growth on trees and OSS spread among trees in aspen stands? (iii) What is the phenology of OSS on aspen and does climate influence phenology? We observed high levels of aspen mortality (annual mortality rate = 10.4%) and found that OSS spread rapidly within stands (annual spread rate = 10–12.3%). We found first, second, and young third instars throughout the year and observed 2 waves of first instars (i.e., crawlers), one throughout the summer and a second in mid-winter. The first wave appeared to be driven by warming seasonal temperatures, but the cause of the second wave is unknown and might represent a second generation. We provide recommendations for future OSS research, including suggestions for more precise quantification of OSS phenology, and discuss how our results can inform management of OSS and invaded aspen ecosystems.
Postfire aspen presence, persistence and size in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park, USA. 1996 - 2014
Determining how ecological filters (e.g., climate, soils, biotic interactions) influence where species succeed in heterogeneous landscapes is challenging for long-lived species (e.g., trees), because filters can vary over space and change slowly through time. Stand-replacing wildfires create opportunities for establishment of tree-species cohorts and can catalyze rapid shifts in where species occur, facilitating unique opportunities for long-term study. We quantified effects of multiple ecological filters on a colonizing cohort of aspen (Populus tremuloides) that established from seed throughout burned lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests after the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) to ask: (1) How have aspen presence, density, and size varied across the postfire landscape, and what filters explain these spatial and temporal patterns? (2) How does aspen above-and belowground biomass vary with postfire lodgepole-pine density? Aspen persisted to postfire year 25 in 58% of the plots in which aspen were present in postfire year 11 (n = 45), and mean stem density declined from 522 to 310 stems ha-1. Mean aspen height doubled (from 29 to 59 cm) over this period. Ecological filters related to climate, competition, herbivory, and soils all differentially affected aspen presence, persistence, and size. Growing season temperature, inter-specific competition, and herbivory also changed through time, altering their effects on the colonizing cohort, and shifting where on the landscape aspen persistence and growth were ultimately favored. Eleven years postfire, aspen were favored at warmer, low elevations; ungulate browsing strongly constrained aspen heights; and competition was unimportant. By 25-years postfire, temperatures warmed nearly 1 C, and aspen were more likely to persist at cooler, high elevations. Browsing pressure declined, as ungulate populations decreased during this time, but aspen height and basal diameters were constrained b
Survey of aspen leaf mining and leaf defenses, including foliar phenolic glycosides and extrafloral nectaries
This dataset characterizes the insect damage levels and chemical defenses of aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves collected from multiple sites near Fairbanks, Alaska in June 2007. The intent of the data set was to relate leaf mining damage by the aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella, to the concentration of phenolic glycosides (secondary metabolites; putative defensive compounds) in leaves.
Long term consequences of aspen leaf miner outbreak for plant performance
This dataset represents the results of experimental suppression of herbivory by the aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella, over a period of seven years, between 2005 and 2012. There were two study sites, one at Bonanza Creek LTER and the other near the summit of Ester Dome. Reported here are mortality, die-back, and initial and final sizes of aspen ramets.
Consequences of aspen leaf miner outbreak for plant performance
This dataset represents the results of experimental suppression of herbivory by the aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella, over a period of three years, 2005 to 2007. There were two study sites, one at Bonanza Creek LTER and the other near the summit of Ester Dome. Reported here are herbivory and growth of aspen ramets.
Induction of aspen chemical defense by leaf mining, tested experimentally in 2006
This dataset summarizes the result of a manipulative experiment designed to test whether natural levels of damage by the aspen leaf miner, Phllocnistis populiella, causes the induction of foliar phenolic glycosides in small aspen ramets in the field.
Induction of aspen chemical defense by leaf mining, tested experimentally in 2007.
This dataset summarizes the result of a manipulative experiment designed to test the time course of phenolic glycoside induction by small aspen (Populus tremuloides) in response to leaf mining by the aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella.
Tree ring widths of trembling aspen and black spruce that regenerated after the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek burn
This dataset contains the average annual ring widths of trembling aspen and black spruce regenerating in low and high fire severity sites within the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek burn. 12 pre-established sites were used, 6 from both low and high fire severity. Sites were sampled in 2014, 20 years after the fire.
Tree ring, leaf mining, climate, and remote sensing data from aspen leaf miner survey sites: I - Basal area increment and d13C
This dataset contiains basal area increment (BAI) and d13C chronologies of 47 aspen cored in 2016 across four sites where leaf mining has been documented since 2004. Chronologies of BAI extend as far back as 1957 and up to 2015. Tree ring d13C chronologies extend from 2004-2015 and were measured on 23 trees from two fo the four sites.
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