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147 results for “Bacterial pathogens”
Bacterial mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities against drug-resistant pathogens
<p>In the healthcare sector, the production of bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antimicrobial properties is of great importance. In this study, a novel bacterial strain, <em>Paenibacillus</em> sp. MAHUQ-63, was identified as a potential candidate for facile and rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were used to control the growth of human pathogens, <em>Salmonella</em> Enteritidis and <em>Candida</em> <em>albicans</em>. The bacterial culture supernatant was utilized to synthesize the nanoparticles. FE-TEM examination showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with 15 to 55 nm in size. FTIR analysis identified various functional groups. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated remarkable activity against <em>S</em>. Enteritidis and <em>C. albicans</em>. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for 100 µL (0.5 mg/mL) of AgNPs against <em>S</em>. Enteritidis and <em>Candida</em> <em>albicans</em> were 18.0 ± 1.0 and 19.5 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 25.0 and 12.5 μg/mL against <em>S</em>. Enteritidis and <em>Candida albicans</em>, respectively. Additionally, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 25.0 μg/mL against both pathogenic microbes. The FE-SEM analysis showed that the treatment of AgNPs caused morphological and structural damage to both <em>S</em>. Enteritidis and <em>Candida albicans</em>. Therefore, these AgNPs can be used as a new and effective antimicrobial agent.</p>
Occurrence of Potential Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and During Acute Exacerbations of the Disease, in Asia Pacific
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03151395. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
Life-history trade-offs and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted to pathogenic bacterial infection
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Ticks, and tick-borne bacterial pathogens found on hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in the Central River Region of The Gambia
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Sex-specific effects of antagonistic coevolution: Insights from an insect host and a bacterial pathogen coevolution system
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Cumulative effects of mutation and selection on susceptibility to bacterial pathogens in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>
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Data from: Pharmaceutical pollution alters the cost of bacterial infection and its relationship to pathogen load
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Data from: Reduced skin bacterial diversity correlates with increased pathogen infection intensity in an endangered amphibian host
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Data from: Transmission pathways and spillover of an erythrocytic bacterial pathogen from domestic cats to wild felids
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Data for: Cytosolic bacterial pathogens activate TLR pathways in tumors that synergistically enhance STING agonist cancer therapies
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Starvation increases susceptibility to bacterial infection and promotes systemic pathogen proliferation in Drosophila melanogaster females
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Bacterial predation of a fungal wheat pathogen: Prelude to experimental evolution of enhanced biocontrol agents
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Bacterial mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities against drug-resistant pathogens
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Siderophore synthetase-receptor gene coevolution reveals habitat and pathogen-specific bacterial iron interaction networks
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Genome reduction is associated with bacterial pathogenicity across different scales of temporal and ecological divergence - between species core gene alignments
<p><span>Emerging bacterial pathogens threaten global health and food security, and so it is important to ask whether these transitions to pathogenicity have any common features. We present a systematic study of the claim that pathogenicity is associated with genome reduction and gene loss. We compare broad-scale patterns across all bacteria, with detailed analyses of <i>Streptococcus suis</i>, an emerging zoonotic pathogen of pigs, which has undergone multiple transitions between disease and carriage forms. We find that pathogenicity is consistently associated with reduced genome size across three scales of divergence (between species within genera, and between and within genetic clusters of <i>S. suis</i>). While genome reduction is also found in mutualist and commensal bacterial endosymbionts, genome reduction in pathogens cannot be solely attributed to the features of their ecology that they share with these species, i.e. host restriction or intracellularity. Moreover, other typical correlates of genome reduction in endosymbionts (reduced metabolic capacity, reduced GC content, and the transient expansion of non-functional elements) are not consistently observed in pathogens. Together, our results indicate that genome reduction is a predictive marker of pathogenicity in bacteria.</span></p>
Experimental evidence for stabilising selection on virulence in a bacterial pathogen
<p>The virulence-transmission trade-off hypothesis has provided a dominant theoretical basis for predicting pathogen virulence evolution, but empirical tests are rare, particularly at pathogen emergence. We conducted an infection experiment in a North American songbird using 55 distinct isolates of its emerging infectious bacterial pathogen that differed in virulence. We demonstrate that more virulent variants transmitted faster, but had shorter infection durations, leading to variants of intermediate virulence being more evolutionarily successful. Interestingly, we did not find support for the common suggestion that the number of pathogen cells underpins their virulence and transmission rate. </p>
Data from: Broad thermal tolerance is negatively correlated with virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen
Predicting the effects of global increase in temperatures on disease virulence is challenging, especially for environmental opportunistic bacteria, because pathogen fitness may be differentially affected by temperature within and outside host environment. So far, there is very little empirical evidence on the connections between optimal temperature range and virulence in environmentally growing pathogens. Here we explored if the virulence of an environmentally growing opportunistic fish pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, is malleable to evolutionary changes via correlated selection on thermal tolerance. To this end, we experimentally quantified the thermal performance curves (TPCs) for maximum biomass of 49 F. columnare isolates from eight different geographic locations in Finland over ten years (2003-2012). We also characterized virulence profiles of these strains in a zebra-fish (Danio rerio) infection model. We show that virulence among the strains increased over the years, but tolerance to higher temperatures was negatively associated with virulence. Our data suggest that temperature has a strong effect on the pathogen genetic diversity, and therefore presumably also on disease dynamics. However, the observed increase in frequency and severity of F. columnare epidemics over the last decade cannot be directly linked to bacterial evolution due to increased mean temperature, but is most likely associated with factors related to increased length of growing season, or other time dependent change in environment. Our study demonstrates that complex interactions between the host, the pathogen and the environment influence disease virulence of environmentally growing opportunistic pathogen.
Data from: Contrasting evolution of virulence and replication rate in an emerging bacterial pathogen
Host resistance through immune clearance is predicted to favour pathogens that are able to transmit faster and are hence more virulent. Increasing pathogen virulence is, in turn, typically assumed to be mediated by increasing replication rates. However, experiments designed to test how pathogen virulence and replication rates evolve in response to increasing host resistance, as well as the relationship between the two, are rare and lacking for naturally-evolving host-pathogen interactions. We inoculated 55 isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum collected over 20 years from outbreak, into house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) from disease-unexposed populations, which have not evolved protective immunity to M. gallisepticum. We show using three different metrics of virulence (body mass loss, symptom severity and putative mortality rate) that virulence has increased linearly over >150,000 bacterial generations since outbreak (1994-2015). By contrast, while replication rates increased from outbreak through to the initial spread of resistance (1994-2004), no further increases have occurred subsequently (2007-2015). Finally, as a consequence, we found that any potential mediating effect of replication rate on virulence evolution was restricted to the period when host resistance was initially increasing in the population. Taken together, our results show that pathogen virulence and replication rates can evolve independently, particularly after the initial spread of host resistance. We hypothesize that the evolution of pathogen virulence can be driven primarily by processes such as immune manipulation after resistance spreads in host populations.
Bacterial community richness shifts the balance between volatile organic compound-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions
Even though bacteria are important in determining plant growth and health via volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is unclear how these beneficial effects emerge in multi-species microbiomes. Here we studied this using a model plant-bacteria system, where we manipulated bacterial community richness and composition and determined the subsequent effects on VOC production and VOC-mediated pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion. We assembled VOC-producing bacterial communities in different richness levels ranging from one to twelve strains using three soil-dwelling bacterial genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas) and investigated how the composition and richness of bacterial community affect the production and functioning of VOCs. We found that VOC production correlated positively with pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion and that all bacteria produced a diverse set of VOCs. However, while pathogen suppression was maximized at intermediate community richness levels when the relative amount and the number of VOCs were the highest, plant growth-promotion was maximized at low richness levels and was only affected by the relative amount of plant growth-promoting VOCs. The contrasting effects of richness could be explained by differences in the amount and number of produced VOCs and by opposing effects of community productivity and evenness on pathogen suppression and plant-growth promotion along the richness gradient. Together, these results suggest that the number of interacting bacterial species and the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome drive the balance between VOC-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions potentially affecting plant disease outcomes in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Data from: Higher resource level promotes virulence in an environmentally transmitted bacterial fish pathogen
Diseases have become a primary constraint to sustainable aquaculture, but remarkably little attention has been paid to a broad class of pathogens: the opportunists. Opportunists often persist in the environment outside the host and their pathogenic features are influenced by changes in the environment. To test how environmental nutrient levels influence virulence, we used strains of Flavobacterium columnare, an environmentally transmitted fish pathogen, to infect rainbow trout and zebra fish in two different nutrient concentrations. To separate the effects of dose and nutrients, we used three infective doses and studied the growth of bacteria in vitro. High nutrient concentration promoted both the virulence and the outside-host growth of the pathogen, most notably in a low-virulence strain. The increase in virulence could not be exhaustively explained by the increased dose under higher nutrient supply, suggesting virulence factor activation. In aquaculture settings, accumulation of organic material in rearing units can locally increase water nutrient concentration and therefore increase disease risk as a response to elevated bacterial density and virulence factor activation. Our results highlight the role of increased nutrients in outside-host environment as a selective agent for higher virulence and faster evolutionary rate in opportunistic pathogens.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.