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Figure 6 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 6 Phylogenetic relationships within Balaenopteridae. Phylogenetic relationships of Balaenopteridae modified from Bisconti, Munsterman & Post (2019). This cladogram represents an expansion of the BALAENOPTERIDAE branch of the tree of Fig. S6. Black numbers are bootstrap support values, red numbers are symmetric resampling values. See Bisconti, Munsterman & Post (2019) for explanations of methods and discussion of the branching pattern. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-6

Figure 6 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 5 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 5 Left periotic and associated structures in Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Left periotic and associated anatomical structures. (A) Left posterolateral corner of the skull showing the periotic still in articulation. (B) Left posterolateral corner of the skull showing additional periotic characters. (C) Left posterolateral corner of the skull in lateral view showing the exposure of the posterior process of the periotic. Scale bar equals 10 cm. Photography: Michelangelo Bisconti. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-5

Figure 2 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 2 Holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Photographic representations of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis (OMB D2286). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Anterolateral view. (D) Lateral view (anterior part is up). Scale bar equals 10 cm. Photography: Jaap Van Leeuwen. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-2

Figure 8 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 8 Paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera. (A) Paleobiogeographic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera as resulting from the application of Maximum Likelihood by using MESQUITE; node letters as in Fig. 7A. (B) Phylogenetic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera species and Nehalaennia superimposed on a map of the mid-Miocene (modif. From Paleomap Project at http://www.scotese.com/miocene.htm) to show the dispersal events discussed in the text. (C) Revised paleobiogeographic patterns in Archaebalaenoptera showing unknown distributions in the branch leading to A. castriarquati; node letters as from Fig. 7A. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-8

Figure 7 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 7 Phylogenetic relationships and paleobiogeography of the Archaebalaenoptera clade. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of the Archaebalaenoptera clade plotted against a temporal scale to show the OTUs used for the paleobiogeographic analysis. (B) Paleobiogeographic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera as resulting from the application of Fitch's (1971) parsimony by hand; node letters as in (A). (C) Palaebiogeographic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera as resulting from the application of Maximum Parsimony by using MESQUITE; node letters as in (A). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-7

Figure 1 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 1 Type locality of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Locality of the discovery of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. (A) Map of The Netherlands where a red star shows the locality. (B) close-up view of the locality of the discovery near the town of Liessel. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-1

Figure 4 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 4 Transverse sections of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Transverse sections of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Sections 1 and 2 are done closely to the vertex and show the round transverse profile of the depression of the supraorbital process of the frontal. Sections 3, 4 and 5 are done across the temporal fossa and show the degree of overhanging of the temporal crest on the parietal. Not to scale. Photography: Jaap Van Leeuwen. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-4

Figure 3 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera

Figure 3 Holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Interpretation of morphological characters of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Lateral view. Damaged areas are in grey. Scale bar equals 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-3

On following pages: 6. Omura's Whale (Balaenoptera omurai); 7. Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus); 8. Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). in Balaenopteridae

On following pages: 6. Omura's Whale (Balaenoptera omurai); 7. Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus); 8. Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan, found in all oceans of the world, but with only rare incursions into the Mediterranean Sea. in Balaenopteridae

Distribution. Cosmopolitan, found in all oceans of the world, but with only rare incursions into the Mediterranean Sea.

Subspecies and Distribution. B.p.physalusLinnaeus,1758—oceansoftheNorthernHemisphere. B. p. quoyi Fischer, 1829 — oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. in Balaenopteridae

Subspecies and Distribution. B.p.physalusLinnaeus,1758—oceansoftheNorthernHemisphere. B. p. quoyi Fischer, 1829 — oceans of the Southern Hemisphere.

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region extending to 34° Nand 12° S. in Balaenopteridae

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region extending to 34° Nand 12° S.

Subspecies and Distribution. B.m.musculusLinnaeus,1758—NAtlanticandNPacific. B.m.brevicaudaIchihara,1966—IndianOceanandSWSouthPacificaroundAustralia. B. m. intermedia Burmeister, 1871 — Southern Ocean. in Balaenopteridae

Subspecies and Distribution. B.m.musculusLinnaeus,1758—NAtlanticandNPacific. B.m.brevicaudaIchihara,1966—IndianOceanandSWSouthPacificaroundAustralia. B. m. intermedia Burmeister, 1871 — Southern Ocean.

Distribution. Tropical and warm temperate waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, generally between 40° N and 40° S. in Balaenopteridae

Distribution. Tropical and warm temperate waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, generally between 40° N and 40° S.

Distribution. Southern Hemisphere, from tropical waters (7° S) to the edge of and within pack ice (65° S) around the Antarctic continent. One record from off the coast of Suriname (4° N) in the Northern Hemisphere. in Balaenopteridae

Distribution. Southern Hemisphere, from tropical waters (7° S) to the edge of and within pack ice (65° S) around the Antarctic continent. One record from off the coast of Suriname (4° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Subspecies and Distribution. B.a.acutorostrataLacépede,1804—NAtlanticOcean. B. a. scammoni Demére, 1986 — N Pacific Ocean. An unnamed form is found in the Southern Hemisphere. in Balaenopteridae

Subspecies and Distribution. B.a.acutorostrataLacépede,1804—NAtlanticOcean. B. a. scammoni Demére, 1986 — N Pacific Ocean. An unnamed form is found in the Southern Hemisphere.