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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Figure 4 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest

Figure 4 Variation in the spatial distribution and body coloration of phytoseiid in relation to the abundanceE. of banksi in four (2018) and six (2019) citrus orchards. Grey bars indicate the percentage of phytoseiids collected outside the canopy, on the leaf adaxial sides, fruits occupied by phytoseiids, and red phytoseiids (primary y-axis), in relation with the mean numberE of. banksi per leaf or fruit represented as a solid line (secondary, y-axis). Capped bars represent ± standard error (SE).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Figure 2 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest

Figure 2 Seasonal trends ofE. banksi and phytoseiid mites on leaves (solid line, first y-axis) and fruits (broken line, second y-axis) in four and six citrus orchards in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Mean number of mites collected per sampling unit (all the stages were pooled together). Note that first and second y-axis scales are different. Mean (solid line), maximum and minimum daily temperatures in °C (broken lines) and mean daily relative humidity (RH) were represented.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 2 in Trichoderma: biological control efficiency and perspectives for the Brazilian Midwest states and Tocantins

Figure 2. Interaction mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. and phytopathogens. (A) Yellow, red, and blue correspond to the antagonistic actions of Trichoderma from contact with phytopathogens; (B) Contact of fungal hyphae (Trichoderma spp. in green and phytopathogens in orange). Elements in pink correspond to the process of competition for space (long base) and nutrients (rectangles). Blue circles correspond to the metabolites produced by Trichoderma. Yellow stars represent the enzymes produced by Trichoderma in the mycoparasitic process.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 1. Oyster hangings with T in Biological control of incrusting organisms and sediments in Chilean oyster cultures

Figure 1. Oyster hangings with T. atra presence and absence for incrusting organisms and sediments removal.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Fig. 2.- Monthly D in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Galicia (NW Spain): pest dispersion, associated parasitoids and first biological control attempts.

Fig. 2.- Monthly D. kuriphilus phenology (E: egg; L1: first-instar larvae; L2: intermediate instar larvae; L3: terminal-instar larvae; Pp: pre pupae stage; P: pupae stage; A: adult). *: punctual presence; +: sterile eggs. Sweet chestnut fruit phenology is given for orientation (§: fructification and burr development).

Fig. 1 in Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley: current pest status, biology, and control

Fig. 1. Male adults of 4 Diatraea species present in Colombia. A. D. saccharalis; B. D. indigenella; C. D. tabernella; D. D. busckella. In general, moths are difficult to distinguish, and clear species identification requires the dissection of male genitalia (photos L. A. Lastra).

Fig. 3. A in Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley: current pest status, biology, and control

Fig. 3. A. "Dead heart" in sugarcane caused by Diatraea sp. (photo M. Rodríguez), and B. bored internode by Diatraea sp. can disrupt apical dominance and promote growth of multiple lateral shoots, diverting resources from sucrose synthesis to vegetative growth (photo AE Bustillo).

Fig. 2 in Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley: current pest status, biology, and control

Fig. 2. Larvae of 4 Diatraea species present in Colombia. A. D. saccharalis; B. D. indigenella; C. D. tabernella; D. D. busckella. In general, larvae of D. saccharalis exhibit a well-sclerotized set of setal plates along their length, whereas the setal plates are ofen less distinguishable in D. indigenella due to dark, longitudinal dorsal stripes. Larvae of D. tabernella possess a distinctive set of blackish setal plates and adjacent purple spots that resemble transverse lines, which are absent in D. busckella (photos L. A. Lastra).

Fig. 3 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 3. Mean distribution of burrowing slugs in relation to soil moisture levels afer release into vented (75% RH) and unvented (90% RH) cages. Error bars indicate SD. Bars topped by the same letter are not significantly different according to the Bonferroni multiple comparison test.

Fig. 7 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 7. Foliage consumption (mean leaf area and mean wet weight) patterns by L. floridana in relation to mean slug wet weight (age): (a) daily consumption; (b) relative consumption (consumption adjusted for slug weight).

Fig. 2 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 2. Leidyula floridana: (a) growth (change in mean wet weight) and (b) survival over an 18 month period under laboratory conditions. Error bars indicate SD.

Fig. 1 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 1. Leidyula floridana: (a) dissected male genitalia, showing exsheathed penial gland (lef) and penis (right); (b) adults, showing extended form (lef) and contracted form (right); (c) adult depositing eggs; (d) completed egg clutch.

Fig. 8 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 8. Effects of different bait treatments on L. floridana slugs in relation to time: (a) mean cumulative mortality; (b) mean daily lettuce consumption. Error bars indicate SD. Bars within a date topped by the same letter are not signficantly different according to the Bonferroni multiple comparison test.

Fig. 5 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 5. Growth (mean change in wet weights) of young L. floridana afer transfer to a Romaine lettuce lettuce diet from less suitable hosts. Error bars indicate SD.

Fig. 4 in Biology and control of the leatherleaf slug Leidyula floridana (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)

Fig. 4. Growth (mean change in wet weight) of young L. floridana during the first 6 weeks of life when provided with different potential food resources: (a) vegetable plants; (b) ornamental plants; (c) weeds; (d) other materials. Error bars indicate SD.

Fig. 1 in Potential of biological control agents against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): current knowledge in Argentina

Fig. 1. Relationships among the proportions of Tuta absoluta per tomato plant parasitized by Pseudapanteles dingus, or by Dineulophus phtorimaeae phthorimaeae or by both species (multiparasitism) at various densities of T. absoluta in 2 regions of Argentina, i.e., (a) La Plata, northern Buenos Aires province and (b) Tucumán. Relevant logistic regression parameters are shown in Table 2.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Brazilian collections and laboratory biology of the thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): a potential biological control agent of the invasive weed Brazilian peppertree (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae)

Fig. 2. Life history stages of the thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini reared on leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia in quarantine at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory (horizontal bars = 0.5 mm).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Brazilian collections and laboratory biology of the thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): a potential biological control agent of the invasive weed Brazilian peppertree (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae)

Fig. 1. Map showing the distribution of the host Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia, in its native range (black dots) and the thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (red dots). Thrips introduced to quarantine for life history studies were collected from a population near Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in The effect of food source on survival and development of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of air potato (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae)

Fig. 1. Percentage survival (mean ± SE) of Lilioceris cheni from 3rd instar to adult when reared on leaves, brown bulbils, or tan bulbils of air potato.