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Figure 9. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 9. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the pedal ganglia and the statocysts. PEGA, Pedal ganglia; STAT, statocyst; STL, statolith.

Figure 5 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 5. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Transverse sections through the (A) oesophagous; (B) crystalline style sac; (C) mid gut; (D) hind gut; and (E) rectum, all drawn to the same scale. CC, Collagen coat; CS, crystalline style.

Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a single digestive tubule. AM, Amoebocyte; CRC, crypt cell; DC, digestive cell.

Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the stomach in the region of the conjoined style sac and mid gut. CS, Crystalline style; CSMG, conjoined style sac and mid gut; CSS, crystalline style sac; FIPI, fragments of ingested prey; GS, gastric shield; MG, mid gut; SC, secretory cells.

Figure 7 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 7. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Histological sections through the visceral mass and ingested prey items. (A) A transverse section through the stomach with ingested prey items inside it. (B, C) The remains of captured and ingested ostracods. (D) The skeletal remains of an unknown prey item. CSS, Crystalline style sac; GS, gastric shield; IPI, ingested prey item; ST, stomach.

Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait

Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a portion of a gonadial follicle. C, Cuticle; DN, dividing nucleus; DO, developing oocyte; EO, encapsulated oocyte; GE, germinal epithelium; N, nucleus; RT, regressing testes; STA, stalk; SPZ, spermatozoan; Y, yolk.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Nov 2020View details →

mRNA expression data of genes related to mitochondrial quality control in hepatopancreas of the two marine bivalves, Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas, during short-term hypoxia/reoxygenation stress

Coastal environments commonly experience strong oxygen fluctuations. Resulting hypoxia/reoxygenation stress can negatively affect mitochondrial functions, since oxygen deficiency impairs ATP generation, whereas a surge of oxygen causes mitochondrial damage by oxidative stress mechanisms. Marine intertidal bivalves are adapted to fluctuating oxygen conditions, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial integrity and function during oxygen fluctuations are not yet well understood. We used targeted mRNA expression analysis to determine the potential involvement of the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in responses to short-term hypoxia (24 h at <0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h at 21% O2) in two hypoxia-tolerant marine bivalves, the Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas and the blue mussels Mytilus edulis. To test these hypotheses, We focused on the transcript levels of the following marker genes: for mitochondrial fission and fusion - mfn2 (encoding mitofusin 2),  opa1 (mitochondrial dynamin-like 120kDa protein), dnm1l (dynamin-1-like protein), mff  (mitochondrial fission factor), fis1 (mitochondrial fission protein 1); for protein and DNA quality control - tsfm (encoding mitochondrial translation elongation factor Ts), lonp1 (mitochondrial Lon protease),  spg7 (paraplegin), oma1 (mitochondrial metalloendopeptidase OMA1), clpB (mitochondrial caseinolytic matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B), atp23 (mitochondrial inner membrane protease ATP23), twnk (mitochondrial twinkle mtDNA helicase); and for mitophagy -  mieap (encoding mitochondrial eating protein), hyou1 (hypoxia upregulated protein 1), prkn (parkin), pink1 (PTEN- induced kinase 1), and pgam5 (mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase PGAM5). The revealed species-specific differences in the expression of the mitochondrial quality control pathways shed light on the potentially important mechanisms of mitochondrial protection against H/R-induced damage that might contribute to hypoxia tolerance in marine bivalves.

FIG. 5 in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)

FIG. 5. — Incurrent siphonal opening of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., SEM. Note absence of cirri. Scale bar: 30 µm.

FIG. 4 in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)

FIG. 4. — Excurrent siphonal opening of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., SEM: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, 100 µm.

FIG. 2. — A in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)

FIG. 2. — A, lateral view of an intact specimen of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp.; B, dorsal view of intact, larger specimen of X. alexisi n. sp. (note anteriorly directed mesoplax); C, dorsal view of smaller specimen of X. alexisi n. sp., mesoplax in erect stage, not readily seen from dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 1. — A in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)

FIG. 1. — A, collection locality of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp. at 21°N, 30°W; R, collection locality of Xylophaga ricei Harvey, 1996 at 31°N, 20°W. (From Ryan et al. 2009, modified by Y. Lagabrielle.)

FIG. 6. — A, Xylophaga alexisi n in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)

FIG. 6. — A, Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., lateral view to define "incomplete siphon" in which the excurrent siphon is considerably shorter than the incurrent siphon; B, Xylophaga pacifica Voight, 2009, lateral view to define "complete siphon", in which both siphonal openings are roughly equal in length. Scale bars: 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Fig. 9. Thyasirid bivalves from Calcari a in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 9. Thyasirid bivalves from Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–B. Thyasira sp. 1, Castiglione dei Pepoli (MGGC 22311). C. Thyasira sp. 2, Casola (MGGC 22312). D–E. Channelaxinus? sp., Caselle A (NRM Mo 204840).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Fig. 8. Protobranch bivalves from Calcari a in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 8. Protobranch bivalves from Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–D. The nuculid Nucula aff. sulcata Bronn, 1831. A. MSF 2366. B. Right valve from Le Colline (MSF 1212). C. Right valve from Le Colline (MSF 1210). D. Left valve from Ca' Cavalmagra (MSF 1311). E–F. The solemyid Acharax doderleini (Mayer, 1861) from Ca' Fornace erratics. E. External mold of right valve (MSF 2361). F. Internal mold of right valve (MSF 2360).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Fig. 12. Vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene Calcari a in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 12. Vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–H. Archivesica strigarum Kiel & Taviani, 2017. A–B. Articulated specimen from Caselle A (NRM Mo 204841). C. Hinge of RV (Caselle A, NRM Mo 204842). D. Hinge of LV (Caselle A, NRM Mo 204843). E. Articulated specimen from Casola showing ligament (MGGC 22325). F. Articulated specimen from Casola, view on RV showing anterior adductor muscle scar (MGGC 22326). G. Internal mold of RV showing muscle scars and pallial line, from Castillon dei Pepoli (MGGC 22323).H. Left valve with shell remains, from Casola (MGGC 22324). I–J. Wareniconcha? sp., external view on articulated specimen from Castel di Casio (MGGC 22329).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Insights into the genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes from bivalves

Fasta files to 30 genomes described in a publication

Fig. 2 in Salinity tolerance of the bivalve Solen cylindraceus (Hanley, 1843) (Mollusca: Euheterodonta: Solenidae) in the St Lucia Estuary

Fig. 2. Changes in salinity (ppt) recorded in False Bay and the South and North lakes of the St Lucia Estuary during the period 1960–2010.

Fig. 4 in Salinity tolerance of the bivalve Solen cylindraceus (Hanley, 1843) (Mollusca: Euheterodonta: Solenidae) in the St Lucia Estuary

Fig. 4. Percent survival of Solen cylindraceus for varying salinities between 0 and 80 ‰ over time (hrs), after acclimation to varying salinities (gradual change test).

Fig. 3 in Salinity tolerance of the bivalve Solen cylindraceus (Hanley, 1843) (Mollusca: Euheterodonta: Solenidae) in the St Lucia Estuary

Fig. 3. Percent survival of Solen cylindraceus exposed to varying salinities between 0 and 80 ‰ over time (hrs), after being acclimated to 50 ‰ (shock change test).

Fig. 1 in Salinity tolerance of the bivalve Solen cylindraceus (Hanley, 1843) (Mollusca: Euheterodonta: Solenidae) in the St Lucia Estuary

Fig. 1. Geographic position of the St Lucia Estuary showing the sampling site, Catalina Bay, and the abundance transect occupied in June 2010 (adapted from Carrasco et al. 2010).