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746 results for “Brassica”
Data from: Rapid, parallel evolution of field mustard (Brassica rapa) under experimental drought
<p>Climate change is driving evolutionary and plastic responses in populations, but predicting these responses remains challenging. Studies that combine experimental evolution with ancestor-descendant comparisons allow assessment of the causes, parallelism, and adaptive nature of evolutionary responses, although such studies remain rare, particularly in a climate change context. Here, we created experimental populations of Brassica rapa derived from the same natural population and exposed these replicated populations to experimental drought or watered conditions for four generations. We then grew ancestors and descendants concurrently, following the resurrection approach. Experimental populations under drought showed rapid evolution of earlier flowering time and increased specific leaf area, consistent with a drought escape strategy and observations in natural populations. Evolutionary shifts followed the direction of selection and increased fitness under drought, indicative of adaptive evolution. Evolution to drought also occurred largely in parallel among replicate populations. Further, traits showed phenotypic plasticity to drought, but the direction and effect size of plasticity varied. Our results demonstrate parallel evolution to experimental drought, suggesting that evolution to strong, consistent selection may be predictable. Broadly, our study demonstrates the utility of combining experimental evolution with the resurrection approach to investigate responses to climate change.</p>
[Data from:] Genetic Analysis Reveals Three Novel QTLs Underpinning a Butterfly Egg-Induced Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death in Brassica Rapa
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Cabbage white butterflies (<em>Pieris</em> spp.) can be severe pests of <em>Brassica</em> crops such as Chinese cabbage, Pak choi (<em>Brassica rapa</em>) or cabbages (<em>B. oleracea</em>). Eggs of <em>Pieris</em> spp. can induce a hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) cell death which reduces egg survival in the wild black mustard (<em>B. nigra</em>). Unravelling the genetic basis of this egg-killing trait in <em>Brassica</em> crops could improve crop resistance to herbivory, reducing major crop losses and pesticides use. Here we investigated the genetic architecture of a HR-like cell death induced by <em>P. brassicae</em> eggs in <em>B. rapa.</em></p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>A germplasm screening of <em>B. rapa</em> 56 accessions, representing the genetic and geographical diversity of a <em>B. rapa</em> core collection, showed phenotypic variation for cell death. An image-based phenotyping protocol was developed to accurately measure size of HR-like cell death and was then used to identify two accessions that consistently showed weak (R-o-18) or strong cell death response (L58). Screening of 160 RILs derived from these two accessions resulted in three novel QTLs for P<em>ieris</em> b<em>rassicae-</em>induced cell death on chromosomes A02 (<em>Pbc1</em>), A03 (<em>Pbc2</em>), and A06 (<em>Pbc3</em>). The three QTLs <em>Pbc1-3</em> contain cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors and other genes involved in plant immunity processes, such as ROS accumulation and cell death formation. Synteny analysis with <em>A. thaliana</em> suggested that <em>Pbc1</em> and <em>Pbc2</em> are novel QTLs associated with this trait, while <em>Pbc3</em> contains also LecRK-I.1, a gene of <em>A. thaliana</em> previously associated with cell death induced by a <em>P. brassicae</em> egg extract.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This study provides the first genomic regions associated with the <em>Pieris</em> egg-induced HR-like cell death in a <em>Brassica</em> crop species. It is a step closer towards unravelling the genetic basis of an egg-killing crop resistance trait, paving the way for breeders to further fine-map and validate candidate genes.</p>
Sphingolipids are involved in Pieris brassicae egg-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>This table contains mean + SEM values of sphingolipid levels by LC-MS analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana (wild-type and mutant lines) and Brassica nigra (wild-type) in response to egg extract of Pieris brassicae, as well as P-values for selected comparisons by Welsch t-test. These data were used for Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 of Groux et al. 2022</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Rapid-cycling Brassica rapa evolves even earlier flowering under experimental drought
<p><strong>Premise</strong></p> <p>Changes in climate can impose selection on populations and may lead to rapid evolution. One such climatic stress is drought, which plant populations may respond to with escape (rapid growth and early flowering) or avoidance (slow growth and efficient water use). However, it is unclear if drought escape would be a viable strategy for populations that already flower early from prior selection.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>In an experimental evolution study, we subjected rapid-cycling <em>Brassica rapa</em> (RCBr), which was previously selected for early flowering, to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions. We then grew ancestral and descendant populations concurrently under drought and watered conditions to assess evolution, plasticity, and adaptation.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>RCBr evolved under drought had earlier flowering and lower water-use efficiency than RCBr evolved under watered conditions, indicating evolutionary divergence. The drought descendants also had a trend of earlier flowering compared to ancestors, indicating evolution. Evolution of earlier flowering under drought followed the direction of selection and increased fitness, and was consistent with studies in natural and experimental populations of this species, suggesting adaptive evolution.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>We found evidence for rapid adaptive evolution of drought escape in RCBr and little evidence for constraints on flowering, even though RCBr already flowers extremely early. Our results suggest that some populations may harbor sufficient genetic variation for evolution even after strong selection has occurred. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining artificial selection, experimental evolution, and the resurrection approach to study the evolution of functional traits.</p>
Fig. 7. Phaedon brassicae Baly, 1874. A. Antenna, male. B. Antenna, female. C. Aedeagus, dorsal view. D. Aedeagus, lateral view. E in Revision of Phaedon Latreille from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 7. Phaedon brassicae Baly, 1874. A. Antenna, male. B. Antenna, female. C. Aedeagus, dorsal view. D. Aedeagus, lateral view. E. Spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm; E = 0.1 mm.
Do flower-colonizing microbes influence floral evolution? A test with fast-cycling Brassica
<p>Pollinators are thought to be the main drivers of floral evolution. Flowers are also colonized by abundant communities of microbes that can affect the interaction between plants and their pollinators. Very little is known, however, about how flower-colonizing microbes influence floral evolution. Here we performed a six-generation experimental evolution study using fast-cycling <em>Brassica rapa</em>, in which we factorially manipulated the presence of pollinators and flower microbes to determine how pollinators and microbes interact in driving floral evolution. We measured the evolution of six morphological traits, as well as plant mating system and flower attractiveness. Only one of the six traits (flower number) evolved in response to pollinators, while microbes did not drive the evolution of any trait, nor did they interact with pollinators in driving evolution of morphological traits. Moreover, we did not find evidence that pollinators or microbes affected the evolution of flower attractiveness to pollinators. However, we found an interactive effect of pollinators and microbes on the evolution of autonomous selfing, a trait that is expected to evolve in response to pollinator limitation. Overall, we found only weak evidence that microbes mediate floral evolution. However, our ability to detect an interactive effect of pollinators and microbes might have been limited by weak pollinator-mediated selection in our experimental setting. Our results contrast with previous (similar) experimental evolution studies, highlighting the susceptibility of such experiments to drift and to experimental artefacts.</p>
Fig.2. The phylogenetic tree for 72 in Genetic Diversity Of (Brassica Napus L.) Spring Oilseed Rape
Fig.2. The phylogenetic tree for 72 individual of Brassica napus constructed on the basis of RAPD data: M - 'Maskot, S - 'Sw Savan', H -'Heros', U -'Ural', L -'Landmark'
Fig.1 in Genetic Diversity Of (Brassica Napus L.) Spring Oilseed Rape
Fig.1. DNA fingerprints from different samples of different oilseed rape cultivars obtained by PCR with primers: OPA-01-S1-S6-'SwSavan'; OPA-04-H1-H6-'Heros'; OPA-04-U1-U6-'Ural'; OPA-09-L1- L5-'Landmark'; OPA11-M1-M6-'Maskot'. M-Gene RulerTM 100 bp DNA Ladder Plus (MBI Fermentas)
Figure 3 in Comparative effectiveness of EDTA and citric acid assisted phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soil by using canola (Brassica napus)
Figure 3. The role of EDTA and citric acid on (a) leaf turgor potential and (b) water use efficiency, (c) potassium and (d) sodium at vegetative stage for phytoremediation of Ni by using canola plant.
Figure 4 in Comparative effectiveness of EDTA and citric acid assisted phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soil by using canola (Brassica napus)
Figure 4. The role of EDTA and citric acid on (a) SOD and (b) CAT, (c) POD, (d) total free amino acid, (e) total soluble proteins, (f) total soluble sugars at vegetative stage for phytoremediation of Ni by using canola plant and the role of EDTA and citric acid on Ni contents (mg/ pot) in above ground biomass (g) at vegetative stage for phytoremediation of Ni by using canola.
Figure 1 in Comparative effectiveness of EDTA and citric acid assisted phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soil by using canola (Brassica napus)
Figure 1. The role of EDTA and CA on (a) plant height and (b) shoot fresh weight at the vegetative stage of two canola cultivars (Con-II and Oscar, respectively) in control and Ni treatment and the role of EDTA and citric acid on (c) dry weight and (d) photosynthetic rate at vegetative stage for phytoremediation of Ni by using canola plant.
Fig. 3 in Effect of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on flower-visiting behavior of insects on Brassica napus (Brassicales: Brassicaceae)
Fig. 3. The cumulative probability of visiting frequency and duration of each visit of Pieris rapae on Brassica napus in fire ant–excluded, fire ant–included, and fire-ant-and-aphid-included plots.
Fig. 2 in Effect of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on flower-visiting behavior of insects on Brassica napus (Brassicales: Brassicaceae)
Fig. 2. Daily number (mean ± SE, the number of Frankliniella intonsa was calculated per 10 min per 10 flowers) of flower visitors on Brassica napus in fire ant–excluded, fire ant–included, and fire-ant-and-aphid-included plots.
Fig. 1 in Effect of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on flower-visiting behavior of insects on Brassica napus (Brassicales: Brassicaceae)
Fig. 1. Means (± SE) of species richness (A) and total number (B) of flower visitors on Brassica napus in fire ant–excluded, fire ant–included, and fire-antand-aphid-included plots.
Fig. 4 in Effect of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on flower-visiting behavior of insects on Brassica napus (Brassicales: Brassicaceae)
Fig. 4. GC-EAD responses of Pieris rapae males to volatiles of Solenopsis invicta. GC-EAD active compounds: (1) n-tricosane; (2) 3-methyl tricosane; (3) unknown; (4) n-pentacosane; (5) 13-methyl pentacosane; (6) n-heptacosane; (7) 13,15-dimethyl heptacosane.
Refining Bulk Segregant Analyses: Ontology-Mediated Discovery of Flowering Time Genes in Brassica oleracea
<p>This record comprises the main supplement to study <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.11.455982">10.1101/2021.08.11.455982</a>. Contained in the archive identified by this record are the following files:</p> <ul> <li>SUPPLEMENTARY_METHODS.pdf contains an extended description of the methods of the study, including external links to raw, intermediate, and result data</li> <li>st[1-5]_* supplementary tables referenced in the main manuscript body of the study</li> <li>*.zip files contain intermediate data archives referenced in the supplementary methods, *.txt files with the same names list the contents of the zip files </li> <li>go-basic.obo is an unmodified copy of the Gene Ontology (in OBO format) as used in this study</li> </ul> <p><strong>NOTE 1</strong>: this record contains additional references (related identifiers) that identify all other data and source code used in this study</p> <p><strong>NOTE 2</strong>: for this record and all related records, the authors, their affiliations and their respective funding as relevant to this project are identified in the main manuscript, whose contents take precedence over equivalent metadata fields in supplementary records.</p>
QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of Sclerotinia-resistance in the wild cabbage species Brassica oleracea var. villosa [Main code]
<p>This is the main code supplement for my computational analysis for the manuscript: "QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of Sclerotinia-resistance in the wild cabbage species <em>Brassica oleracea </em>var<em>. villosa".</em> The main code is availabe in separate html-files. DOI will be added if available.</p>
Brassica tournefortii Gouan (BR0000022407207)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Brassica tournefortii Gouan (BR0000010445013)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Brassica tournefortii Gouan (BR0000010538203)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
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