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49 results for “California Current system”
Data from: Evaluation of different bias correction methods for dynamical downscaled future projections of the California Current Upwelling System
<p class="Abstract">Biases in global Earth System Models (ESMs) are an important source of errors when used to obtain boundary conditions for regional models. Here we examine historical and future conditions in the California Current System (CCS) using three different methods to force the regional model: (1) interpolation of ESM output to the regional grid with no bias correction; (2) a "seasonally-varying" delta method that obtains a season-dependent mean climate change signal from the ESM for a 30-year future period; and (3) a "time-varying" delta method that includes the interannual variability of the ESM over the 1980–2100 period. To compare these methods, we use a high-resolution (0.1˚) physical-biogeochemical regional model to dynamically downscale an ESM projection under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Using different downscaling methods, the sign of future changes agrees for most of the physical and ecosystem variables, but the spatial patterns and magnitudes of these changes differ, with the seasonal- and time-varying delta simulations showing more similar changes. Not correcting the ESM forcing leads to amplification of biases in some ecosystem variables as well as misrepresentation of the California Undercurrent and CCS source waters. In the non-bias corrected and time-varying delta simulations, most of the ecosystem variables inherit trends and decadal variability from the ESM, while in the seasonally-varying delta simulation, the future variability reflects the observed historical variability (1980–2010). Our results demonstrate that bias correcting the forcing prior to downscaling improves historical simulations and that the bias correction method may impact the spatial and temporal variability of future projections. </p>
Seasonal upwelling forecasts in the California Current System
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Daily mean upwelling forecasts used for analysis in Amaya et al. <em>in review</em>, "Seasonal upwelling forecasts in the California Current System". Forecasts are based on daily mean wind stress data from four initialized hindcasts: CanESM5, CanCM4i, CESM1, and GFDL-SPEAR. Forecasts are for the period 1991-2021.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data for: Movements and residency of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the California Current System
<p>This dataset represents the sighting histories of 932 individual fin whales (<em>Balaentoptera physalus</em>) photographed along the west coast of the continental United States and northern Mexico, 1987–2018. Because the fin whale is an endangered species, the sighting locations have been generalized. The full resolution sighting location data files and the R code used to conduct the analyses for the associated manuscript may be requested from the authors.</p>
Data for: Movements and residency of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the California Current System
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Data from: Evaluation of different bias correction methods for dynamical downscaled future projections of the California Current Upwelling System
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Shelled Pteropod individual-based model output for the publication: The impact of aragonite saturation variability on shelled pteropods: An attribution study in the California current system
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Model output for: Attributing causes of future climate change in the California Current System with multi-model downscaling
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Physical and biogeochemical drivers of alongshore pH and oxygen variability in the California Current System
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Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates from CCE LTER Process cruises in the California Current System, 2006 - 2017.
Rates of phytoplankton community growth and microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton were assessed from chlorophyll a analyses of in situ dilution incubations as described in Landry et al. (2009). For each experiment (Array #), seawater was collected from predawn CTD (~2 a.m. local time) casts at 6-8 depths spanning the upper to lower euphotic zone. For each depth, we prepared a pair of polycarbonate bottles (2.7 L), one with whole seawater (100%), and one with 33% whole seawater (diluted with 0.1-µm filtered seawater) at each depth. Seawater was filtered directly from the Niskin bottles using a peristaltic pump, silicone tubing and an in-line Suporcap filter capsule that had previously been acid washed (10% trace-metal grade HCl followed by Milli-Q and seawater rinses). Dilution treatment bottles received pre-measured volumes of filtered water from the collection depths, and then were gently filled (silicone tubing below the water level) with unscreened water from the Niskin bottles. The filled bottles were tightly capped, placed into net bags and clipped onto attached rings at the depth of collection on a tether line attached to a satellite-tracked surface drifter (WOCE SVP) with a top strobe light, Globalstar telemetry and a 3-m holey-sock drogue centered at 15-m (mixed layer). Incubations were done in situ for 24-h (daily) to get daily averaged rates. In most cases, repeated experiments/deployments were done over the course of 2-5 days, using water collected each morning at the location of the drifter. These back-to-back experiments define experimental “cycles”. The second set of experiments were set up, before recovering the first. Hand recovery of the array, switching of net bags and redeployment was generally completed in 15-20 min. Rate estimates are based on initial and final subsamples (250 ml) taken for fluorometric analyses of Chl a. The samples were immediately filtered onto GF/F filters, and the Chl a extracted with 90% acetone in a dark refrigerator
Size fractionation for total Chl a within the surface layer and calculated size distribution of total Chl a from discrete bottle samples from CCE-CalCOFI Augmented Cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - 2017 (ongoing).
Water for size fractionation of chlorophyll a is sampled from ~10m depth (surface layer) on Line 83 and 87, with scattered inshore stations within the CalCOFI and SCCOOS stations located in the CCE study area. The size distribution of total chlorophyll a is determined by filtering water though filters of differing pore sizes. These are then extracted in acetone and analyzed fluorometrically with Turner Designs 10-AU Fluorometer on CalCOFI cruises (since 2006, ongoing). Chlorophyll a and taxon-specific pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) are qualitatively and quantitatively characterized in the lab onshore by several size fractions (< 1µm to > 20µm) utilizing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The samples analyzed within the CCE region are used to develop a metric for phytoplankton community structure that can be used to monitor its state and changes thereof over time.
Assembled file of spring annual averages of measures of total mesozooplankton organic biomass as carbon, in the California Current System, 1951 - 2008.
Reference for zooplankton organic carbon is Lavaniegos and Ohman (2007). More than 400 zooplankton types counted.
Measurements of dissolved inorganic concentrations of nutrient iron and of iron limitation at selected stations and depths from CalCOFI cruises in the California Current System, Nov. 2002 - July 2004 (completed)
Measurements were made of iron (Fe) and the potential for phytoplankton iron limitation on CalCOFI survey cruises (2002-2004) in coastal transition zones of the southern California Current System. This is a weak upwelling regime that is relatively low in nutrients and chlorophyll. The majority of seawater samples from the mixed layer were collected using a pole sampler, others were collected using a trace metal clean Teflon pump system. Profiles for dissolved Fe analysis were collected using GO Flo bottles attached to a synthetic line and the seawater samples were filtered under ultra-pure conditions. Dissolved Fe was measured using an FeLume flow injection analysis system. Changes in phytoplankton (Chla response to Fe+) and nutrient parameters upon iron addition were also investigated.
Index of visual monitoring, location, species behavior, and identification of cetaceans from CalCOFI cruises in the California Current System, 2005-2015 (ongoing).
Field observations are carried out to gain understanding of cetacean ecology and habitat. Visual monitoring for cetaceans has been conducted on quarterly CalCOFI cruises since July 2004 using standard line-transect protocol (Burnham et al. 1980;Buckland et al. 1993; Barlow 1995). Visual observers watch during daylight hours, when weather permits (Beaufort sea states 0 to 5 and visibility greater than 1 nautical mile) and while the ship transits between CalCOFI stations.
Chlorophyll and phaeopigments measured from discrete bottle samples from CCE LTER P0904 student cruise in the California Current System, determined by extraction and bench fluorometry, April 2009.
Discrete bottle samples taken from various depths in the California Current System aboard CCE LTER P0904 student cruise. Samples were frozen aboard the ship and taken back to the lab for extraction and analysis. Samples are filtered (known volumes) onto GF/F filters. The filters are placed into culture tubes containing 90% acetone, and the fluorescence of the samples is read on a fluorometer after 24 to 48 hours. The samples are then acidified to degrade the chlorophyll to phaeopigments (non-photosynthetic pigments) and a second reading is taken. The readings prior to and after acidification are used to calculate concentrations of both chlorophyll a and phaeopigments (i.e. phaeophytin).
Fecal pellet flux summary from samples collected during CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current system, 2007 – present.
The collection and enumeration of sinking fecal pellets on CCE LTER Process cruises has been led by Mike Stukel since 2007. Sinking particles are collected in VERTEX-style particle interceptor traps (PIT) with an 8:1 aspect ratio, 70-mm diameter, and a baffle on top comprised of 13 smaller beveled tubes with a similar 8:1 aspect ratio. Tubes are deployed with a formalin-brine for a duration of 2-5 days. After recovery, samples are gently split on a Folsom splitter and typically 3/8 to 1/2 of two separate tubes are utilized for fecal pellet enumeration. After the cruise, samples for fecal pellet enumeration are placed in a settling chamber to allow fecal pellets to settle out. Overlying water is then strained through a 60-um filter to collect any pellets that may have remained in the water. Pellets were then placed on a gridded Petri dish and analyzed using a Zeiss Discovery stereomicroscope. Pellets were separated from other particles and photographed with a dedicated camera. Image processing was then conducted using either Image J or Image Pro to extract area and maximum feret length for each fecal pellet. Pellets were classified by shape and shape-appropriate equations were used to determine the volume of each fecal pellet. Volume was converted to mass using the equations in Stukel et al. (2013). Fecal pellet mass flux is the sum of the mass of all fecal pellets for a sample multiplied by a conversion factor that takes into account the proportion of the gridded petri dish that was enumerated, the fraction of the PIT tube that was used for fecal pellet enumeration, the cross-sectional area of the PIT tube, and the deployment duration. Standard error of the mean is determined from the two samples enumerated for each sediment trap deployment. For more details please see Stukel et al. (2013) or Morrow et al. (submitted). Knauer, G. A., J. H. Martin and K. W. Bruland (1979). "Fluxes of particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the upper water column of the Northe
Size group (pico, nano, micro) and group total carbon estimates from cell counts via epifluorescent microscopy (EPI) of heterotrophic and autotrophic plankton from CCE-CalCOFI Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - 2011 (ongoing).
Microbial community assemblages of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are assessed for biomass of heterotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) and autotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) plankton using high-throughput digital epifluorescence microscopy (EPI). Samples to estimate the nano- and microplankton (0.2-2.0-µm and 2.0-20-µm size, respectively) are collected at various depths via Niskin bottles, preserved, stained, and filtered onto a membrane filter and mounted on a glass microscope slide aboard the quarterly CalCOFI survey cruises (since 2004, ongoing). Slides are then frozen at -80°C for subsequent imaging and analysis in the laboratory onshore. Carbon biomass is computed from cell biovolumes.
Cell counts (per liter) by size groups of diatoms, autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton, via epifluorescent microscopy (EPI) from CCE-CalCOFI Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - 2011 (ongoing).
Microbial community assemblages of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are assessed for abundance of diatoms, autotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) and heterotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) plankton using high-throughput digital epifluorescence microscopy (EPI). Samples to estimate the nano- and microplankton (0.2-2.0-µm and 2.0-20-µm size, respectively) are collected at various depths via Niskin bottles, preserved, stained, and filtered onto a membrane filter and mounted on a glass microscope slide aboard the quarterly CalCOFI survey cruises (since 2004, ongoing). Slides are then frozen at -80°C for subsequent imaging and analysis in the laboratory onshore.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis from rosette bottle samples at various depths from CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current System, 2006 to 2017.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) samples are collected from rosette bottles (from three to eight different depths in the photic zone) at stations located within the CCE region on Process cruises (since 2006, ongoing). The HPLC method is used to measure concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids in samples of particulate matter, which includes filtering and freezing the filter while at sea. The taxon-specific phyto-pigments are extracted back onshore. Concentrations of chlorophyll a are used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and concentrations of other taxon-specific pigments are used to determine contributions of phytoplankton taxa to total phytoplankton biomass.
Data from: Evidence for interannual variation in genetic structure of Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) along the California Current System
Using a combination of population- and individual-based analytical approaches, we provide a comprehensive examination of genetic connectivity of Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) along ~1,200 km of the California Current System (CCS). We sampled individuals at 33 sites in 2012 to establish a baseline of genetic diversity and hierarchal population genetic structure, and then assessed inter-annual variability in our estimates by sampling again in 2014. Genetic diversity showed little variation among sites or across years. In 2012, we observed weak genetic differentiation among sites (FST range = -0.005 – 0.014) following a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), and significantly high relatedness among individuals within nine sampling sites. In 2014, pairwise FST estimates were lower (FST range = -0.014 – 0.007), there was no spatial autocorrelation, and fewer sights had significant evidence of relatedness. Based on these findings, we propose that inter-annual variation in the physical oceanographic conditions of the CCS influence larval recruitment and thus gene flow, contributing to inter-annual variation in population genetic structure. Estimates of effective population size (Ne) were large in both 2012 and 2014. Together, our results suggest that Dungeness crab in the CCS may constitute a single evolutionary population, though geographically limited dispersal results in an ephemeral signal of isolation by distance. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that populations of marine organisms may be susceptible to temporal changes in population genetic structure over short time periods, thus inter-annual variability in population genetic measures should be considered.
Data from: Evidence for interannual variation in genetic structure of Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) along the California Current System
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