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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Figure 2 in The carrion beetle Oxelytrum discicolle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) and the estimative of the minimum post-mortem interval in a forensic case in Brasília, Brazil

Figure 2. Oxelytrum discicolle larvae in the skull.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra

In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact winter use of carrion by Arctic and red foxes in low Arctic Fennoscandia. We predicted that presence of red foxes limits Arctic foxes' use of carrion, and that competition depends on the availability of other resources. We monitored Arctic and red fox presence at supplied carrion using camera traps. From 2006 to 2021, between 16 and 20 cameras were active for two months in late winter (288 camera-winters). Using a multi-species dynamic occupancy model at a week-to-week scale, we evaluated use of carrion by foxes while accounting for the presence of competitors, rodent availability and supplemental feeding provided to Arctic foxes. Competition affected carrion use by increasing both species' probability to leave occupied carcasses sites between consecutive weeks. This increase was similar for the two species, suggesting symmetrical avoidance. Increased rodent abundance was associated with a higher probability of colonizing carrion sites for both species. For Arctic foxes, however, this increase was only observed at carcasses unoccupied by red foxes, showing greater avoidance when alternative preys are available. Supplementary feeding increased Arctic foxes' carrion use, regardless of red fox presence. Contrary to expectations, we did not find strong signs of asymmetric competition for carrion in winter, which suggests that interactions for resources at a short time scale are not necessarily aligned with interactions at the scale of the population. In addition, we found that competition for carcasses depends on the availability of other resources, suggesting that interactions between predators depend on the ecological context.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Nov 2024View details →

PM_034903_E_Carrion_de_los_Condes

File Name: PM_034903_E_Carrion_de_los_Condes.jpg Sublocation: iglesia de Santa María del Camino o de la Victoria Location: Carrión de los Condes Province: Castilla y León, Palencia Country: Spain Header: Iglesia de Santa María del Camino o de la Victoria. Exterior. pórtico de entrada. Detalle. Arriba. Románico. Siglo XII. Description: Church (Iglesia de Santa María del Camino o de la Victoria) Exterior Porch Entrance porch Detail Top Romanesque 12th century Keywords: Carrión de los Condes, Castilla y León, Cultural heritage, Europe, Monuments, Palencia, Romanesque, Spain, Styles Author: Photo: Paul M.R. Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

opencc-by-sa-4.0Nov 2024View details →

PM_034901_E_Carrion_de_los_Condes

File Name: PM_034901_E_Carrion_de_los_Condes.jpg Sublocation: iglesia de Santa María del Camino o de la Victoria Location: Carrión de los Condes Province: Castilla y León, Palencia Country: Spain Header: Iglesia de Santa María del Camino o de la Victoria. Exterior. pórtico de entrada. Románico. Siglo XII. Description: Church (Iglesia de Santa María del Camino o de la Victoria) Exterior Porch Entrance porch Romanesque 12th century Keywords: Carrión de los Condes, Castilla y León, Cultural heritage, Europe, Monuments, Palencia, Romanesque, Spain, Styles Author: Photo: Paul M.R. Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

opencc-by-sa-4.0Nov 2024View details →

PM_034940_E_Carrion_de_los_Condes

File Name: PM_034940_E_Carrion_de_los_Condes.jpg Sublocation: Iglesia de Santiago el Mayor Location: Carrión de los Condes Province: Castilla y León, Palencia Country: Spain Header: Iglesia de Santiago el Mayor. Exterior. Fachada oeste. Románico. Description: Church (Iglesia de Santiago el Mayor) Exterior West facade Romanesque Keywords: Carrión de los Condes, Castilla y León, Cultural heritage, Europe, Monuments, Palencia, Romanesque, Spain, Styles Author: Photo: Paul M.R. Maeyaert Copyright: Paul M.R. Maeyaert

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

RNA allows identifying the consumption of carrion prey

Facultative scavenging by predatory carnivores is a prevalent but frequently underestimated feeding strategy. DNA-based methods for diet analysis, however, do not allow to distinguish between scavenging and predation, thus, the significance of scavenging on population dynamics and resource partitioning is widely unknown. Here, we present a methodological innovation to differentiate between scavenging and fresh prey consumption using prey RNA as a target molecule. We hypothesized that the rapid post-mortem breakdown of RNA in prey tissue should lead to a significantly lower detection probability of prey RNA than DNA when carrion rather than fresh prey is consumed. To test this hypothesis, ground beetles (Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer)) were offered either fresh or one-day-old dead Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies (carrion). The detectability of prey RNA and DNA in the beetles' regurgitates was assessed with diagnostic Drosophila-specific RT-PCR and PCR assays at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post-feeding. After fresh fly consumption, prey RNA and DNA were detectable equally well at all times. When carrion prey was consumed, the detection strength of prey RNA immediately after feeding was significantly lower than that of prey DNA and reached zero in most samples within 6 hours of digestion. Our findings provide evidence that prey RNA allows distinguishing between the consumption of fresh and scavenged prey, thereby overcoming a long-known weakness of molecular diet analysis. The assessment of prey RNA offers a generally applicable approach for examining the importance of scavenging in food webs to unravel its functional consequences for populations, communities, and ecosystems.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat, and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger

Scavenging on carrion is critical and often fiercely competitive for a range of vertebrate species, from native apex predators to invasive species and even reptiles. In Australia, a notable reptilian scavenger is the lace monitor (Varanus varius). In this study, we quantified lace monitor activity at carcasses and compared their use of the resource to common co-occurring predators that also scavenge; the invasive red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and native apex predator, the dingo (Canis dingo). To do so, we deployed 80 macropod carcasses equally across seasons (summer and winter) and habitats (open and closed canopy), in a temperate bioregion and monitored vertebrate scavenging with camera traps. Lace monitor activity was 1.67-times higher in summer than winter, but it did not differ across closed and open habitats. Monitor activity occurred earlier after carcass deployment at sites deployed in summer than winter (1.47-fold earlier), and at carcasses in open than closed habitats (0.22-fold earlier). Lace monitors initially discovered carcass sites faster in summer than winter and before both red foxes and dingoes in summer. Lace monitors were active diurnally in both summer and winter, differing from the red fox, which was strictly a nocturnal scavenger, and the dingo, which was significantly more active at night across both seasons. Finally, we found that lace monitor activity at carcass sites decreased slightly with higher rates of activity for dingoes (0.04-fold decrease as dingo activity increased), but not with red fox activity. Our results have implications for understanding lace monitor foraging and scavenging and highlight the value of monitoring carcasses to provide important insights into the behaviour of varanid lizards that scavenge.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Coyotes take advantage of ungulate carrion subsidies as wolves recolonize Washington

Apex predators exert suppressive effects on mesocarnivores; however, they also provide important carrion subsidies. Optimal foraging theory predicts that individuals respond to resource competition by using high value resources, while competition theory predicts that individuals respond by partitioning resources. This study investigated how the return of wolves (Canis lupus Linneas, 1758) to Washington state impacted the diet of a subordinate carnivore - the coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823). We collected coyote scats from two areas of northern Washington with differing wolf densities and used traditional analysis of undigested remains to infer diet. We tested for differences in the volumes of prey categories, the proportion of ungulate prey that was scavenged, and diet diversity between seasons, study sites, and inside and outside of wolf pack territories. Coyote scats contained more adult ungulate remains inside of wolf pack territories (27%) compared to outside (14%), while seeds and berries were more commonly consumed outside of wolf pack territories (23%) than inside of wolf pack territories (4%). These findings suggest that coyotes are taking advantage of wolf kills to increase ungulate carrion consumption, as predicted by optimal foraging theory, which may substantially affect plant and wildlife communities as wolves continue to recover and coyote diets shift in response.

Fig. 4 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida

Fig. 4. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on opossum during summer 2010.

Fig. 5 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida

Fig. 5. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on raccoon during fall 2010.

Fig. 2 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida

Fig. 2. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on coyote during winter 2009.

Fig. 1 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida

Fig. 1. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on bobcat and otter during fall 2009.

Fig. 3 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida

Fig. 3. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on raccoon during spring 2010.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Heteroptera attracted to butterfly traps baited with fish or shrimp carrion

Fig. 3. Melucha phyllocnemis (Burmeister) on the side of a trap and Leptoglossus sp. on the base.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Heteroptera attracted to butterfly traps baited with fish or shrimp carrion

Fig. 1. Example of a butterfly trap used in these studies.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Temperature stress induces mites to help their carrion beetle hosts by eliminating rival blowflies

Ecological conditions are known to change the expression of mutualisms though the causal agents driving such changes remain poorly understood. Here we show that temperature stress modulates the harm threatened by a common enemy, and thereby induces a phoretic mite to become a protective mutualist. Our experiments focus on the interactions between the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, an associated mite species Poecilochirus carabi and their common enemy, blowflies, when all three species reproduce on the same small vertebrate carrion. We show that mites compete with beetle larvae for food in the absence of blowflies, and reduce beetle reproductive success. However, when blowflies breed on the carrion too, mites enhance beetle reproductive success by eating blowfly eggs. High densities of mites are especially effective at promoting beetle reproductive success at higher and lower natural ranges in temperature, when blowfly larvae are more potent rivals for the limited resources on the carcass.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Trapping methods and apparent commonness and rarity of small carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Cholevinae)

Fig. 2. Lichtenbeek data plotted against those from Wijster (log scale).

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Trapping methods and apparent commonness and rarity of small carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Cholevinae)

Fig. 1. Lichtenbeek data plotted against the baited-pitfall data from Růžička (1994).