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40 results for “Cascade frogs”
FIGURE 1 in A new species of cascade frog (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the Amolops monticola group from China
FIGURE 1. The two known localities of Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. at Wenshan National Nature Reserve, Wenshan City, Xichou County, Xiaoqiaogou District, Yunnan Province, China (site 1), and Diding Village, Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, China (site 2). Elevations are presented by different colors. Insert shows the study region (red square) in China.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of cascade frog (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the Amolops monticola group from China
FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C), and posterior thigh (D) views of the holotype male (KIZ021426) of Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov. in life.
Figure 13 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 13. Male advertisement calls of Amolops adicola sp. nov.: (a) 10 s oscillogram showing a call group comprising pulsatile calls; (b) 0.5 s oscillogram for a single call; (c) 0.1 s oscillogram for a call segment; (d) 0.5 s spectrogram for a single call.
Figure 14 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 14. (a) Habitat at the collection locality for topotypes of Amolops monticola in south Sikkim; (b) habitat at the holotype locality of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in Arunachal Pradesh. Thumbnail images of the species indicate the site of collection.
Figure 12 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 12. (a) Plot of first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) from principal component analysis based on morphometric data for Amolops adicola sp. nov. and A. monticola; (b–e) total contributions of the first four principal components: (b) PC1 (38.3% variance); (c) PC2 (22% variance); (d) PC3 (12.9% variance); (e) PC4 (7.8% variance). The red dashed line on the histograms indicates the expected average contribution.
Figure 11 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 11. Paratype (BNHS 6123, male) of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in preservation: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) dorsal view of head; (d) ventral view of hand; (e) dorsal view of hand showing nuptial pad on finger I; (f) illustration of tip morphology on finger I; (g) illustration of tip morphology on finger III; (h) ventral view of foot; (i) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.
Figure 10 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 10. Holotype (BNHS 6121, female) of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in preservation: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view of head; (d) front view of the snout showing light-coloured snout with dark spots; (e) ventral view of hand; (f) ventral view of foot; (g) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.
Figure 9 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 9. Holotype and paratypes of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in life (photographed under captive conditions): (a–d) holotype (BNHS 6121, female): (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) posterior view of thighs; (d) dorsolateral view of head; (e, f) paratype (BNHS 6123, male): (e) dorsal view; (f) ventral view. Photographs: AD.
Figure 8 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 8. Amolops adicola sp. nov. in life: (a) dorsolateral view (holotype, BNHS 6121, female); (b) dorsolateral view of amplected pair (paratype, BNHS 6125, female, male not preserved); (c) dorsolateral view of amplected pair (paratype, BNHS 6124, female; paratype, BNHS 6122, male).
Figure 7 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 7. (a) Distribution map of all known members of the Amolops monticola species group found in India; (b) inset rectangle enlarged to show the type locality of Amolops monticola 'Darjeeling' and the rediscovered locality in south Sikkim. An asterisk (*) after the species name indicates members whose type locality is in India. A question mark (?) indicates a doubtful record. Geographical coordinates and their source information are referenced in Table S2.
Figure 4 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 4. Topotypes of Amolops monticola in life: (a, b) adult female, BNHS 6120: (a) dorsolateral view; (b) dorsal view; (c–e) adult male, WIIADA 544: (c) lateral view; (d) dorsolateral view; (e) dorsal view; (f) dorsolateral view (adult male, WIIADA 545); (g) lateral view of head (adult female, BNHS 6120); (h) ventral view of head showing loose skin of the vocal sacs (adult male, WIIADA 544). Photographs: NGP.
Figure 6 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 6. Topotype of Amolops monticola in preservation, an adult male, WIIADA 544: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view of head; (d) dorsal view of hand showing nuptial pad on finger I; (e) ventral view of hand; (f) illustration of tip morphology on finger I; (g) illustration of tip morphology on finger III; (h) ventral view of foot; (i) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 2. (a) The type localities of all known members of the Amolops monticola species group. Geographical coordinates and their source information are referenced in Table S2. Illustrations for species are prepared based on type images or subsequently published photographs. (b) The number of A. monticola group species originally described from different Asian countries, based on their type localities. (c) The number of A. monticola group species currently recognised to occur in different countries. An asterisk (*) after the species name indicates a provisionally grouped species.
Figure 1. Bayesian consensus phylogram for 167 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 1. Bayesian consensus phylogram for 167 taxa representing members of the genus Amolops and five outgroup species, based on 2001 bp of concatenated mitochondrial DNA (16S, COI, and ND2 genes). Voucher numbers and associated details are referenced in Table S1. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and RAxML bootstrap support (BS) values>50% are denoted above and below the branches, or separated by an oblique (/) mark, respectively. Black vertical bars beside the terminal nodes indicate Amolops species recognised based on Bayesian and ML inferences; grey bars and open rectangles indicate putative species delimited in the bPTP analysis with support values of>90% or <90%, respectively. The genus comprises eight major species groups following Wu et al. (2020), as indicated with coloured bars on the extreme right and corresponding circles on the internal and terminal nodes. Four subgroups are observed within the focal Amolops monticola group. Illustrations representing species groups were prepared based on published photographs.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 3. Holotype (ZSIC 10036, adult female) of Amolops monticola in preservation: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view of head; (d) ventral view of hand; (e) ventral view of foot; (f) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.
Data from: Composition of micro-eukaryotes on the skin of the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) and patterns of correlation between skin microbes and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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A combined approach of mitochondrial DNA and anchored nuclear phylogenomics sheds light on unrecognized diversity, phylogeny, and historical biogeography of the cascade frogs, genus Amolops (Anura: Ranidae)
<p><i>Amolops</i> is one of the most species-rich genera in Ranidae, with 59 recognized species. This genus currently includes six species groups diagnosed mainly by morphology. Several recent molecular studies indicated that the classification of species groups within <i>Amolops</i> remains controversial, and key nodes in the phylogeny have been inadequately resolved. In addition, the diversity of cascade frogs remains poorly understood, especially for those from incompletely sampled regions. Herein, we investigate the species-level diversity within genus <i>Amolops</i> throughout southern China and Southeast Asia, and infer evolutionary relationships among the species using mtDNA data (16S, <i>COI</i>, and <i>ND2</i>). Molecular analyses indicate nine new unnamed species, mostly distributed in the Himalayas. We then utilized anchored hybrid enrichment to generate a dataset representing major mitochondrial lineages to resolve phylogenetic relationships, biogeography, and pattern of species diversification. Our resulting phylogeny strongly supports the monophyly of three previously identified species groups (the <i>A. ricketti</i>, <i>A. daiyunensis</i>,<i> </i>and <i>A. hainanensis</i> groups), the paraphyly of the <i>A. mantzorum</i> and <i>A. marmoratus</i> groups, as previously defined, and monophyly of the <i>A. monticola</i> group. We erect one new species group, the <i>A. viridimaculatus</i> group, and recognize Dubois (1992) 'subgenus' <i>Amo</i> as the <i>A. larutensis</i> species group. Biogeographic analysis suggests that <i>Amolops</i> originated on the Indo-Burma/Tai-Malay Peninsula at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, and dispersed outward, exemplifying a common pattern observed for the origin of Asia's biodiversity. The early divergence within <i>Amolops</i> coincides with the Himalayas uplift, and the lateral extrusion of Indochina at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Our results show that paleoclimatic and geomorphological events have profoundly influenced the pattern of lineage diversification within <i>Amolops</i>.</p>
APPENDIX 2 in Cryptic Species of a Cascade Frog from Southeast Asia: Taxonomic Revisions and Descriptions of Six New Species
APPENDIX 2 ISOZYME LOCI ASSAYED AND BUFFER SYSTEMS USED TO RESOLVE THEM Buffer abbreviations are as follows: triscitrate II, TC 8; triscitrate III, WTC; aminecitrate (Morpholine), CT 6.3, CT 6.5, CT 6.7; triscitrate/borate, Plk 8.7; lithium borate, LiOH; trisborateEDTA, EBT.
A combined approach of mitochondrial DNA and anchored nuclear phylogenomics sheds light on unrecognized diversity, phylogeny, and historical biogeography of the cascade frogs, genus Amolops (Anura: Ranidae)
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Figure 5 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India
Figure 5. Topotype of Amolops monticola in preservation, an adult female, BNHS 6120: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view of head; (d) ventral view of hand; (e) ventral view of foot; (f) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.
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