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FIGURE 5 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 5. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – warty spindles. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 3. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), showing individual colonies of the new species (red arrows) with surrounding habitat. A. Image taken at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary near the type locality, ca. 100 m depth, 8 August 2018. B. Image taken at Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary near the type locality, 102 m depth, 8 August 2018, with a nudibranch mollusk (Dendrodoris azineae) to the immediate left. C. Image taken at Cortes Bank, ca. 166 km west of Point Loma San Diego, 70 m in depth, 7 September 2007. D. Image taken at Cortes Bank, ca. 166 km west of Point Loma San Diego, 70 m depth, 8 September 2007. E. Image taken at La Cruz Canyon, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 106.8 m depth, 28 October 2018. F. Image taken at Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, 86 m depth, 31 October 2018. Photographs courtesy of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

FIGURE 2 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 2. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype, external morphology. A, D. Partial colony, scale bar = 10 mm. B. Detail of the proximal branch, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Distal apex region of the middle branch, scale bar = 5 mm. E. Apex region of the main stem, scale bar = 5 mm. F. Compound microscope view of sclerites at 100x magnification, showing yellow coloration, scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 1. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Survey Vessel, FSV Bell M. Shimada, conducts fisheries and oceanographic research throughout the Pacific coast of the United States. All type specimens of the new coral species described herein were collected by Remote Operational Vehicle (ROV) on board this ship in 2018. Photo by Gary C. Williams.

FIGURE 7 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

FIGURE 7. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.

Figure 6 in A New Species of Gorgonian Octocoral from the Mesophotic Zone off the Central Coast of California, Eastern Pacific with a Key to Related Regional Taxa (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)

Figure 6. Chromoplexaura cordellbankensis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites – radiates (top row) and various immature sclerites (middle and bottom rows). Scale bar = 0.04 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 2. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype. A, D. Entire colony, scale bars = 10 mm. B. Distal apex region, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Middle portion of colony, scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 7. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of anthocodial sclerites. Scale bar = 0.03 mm.

FIGURE 1. The Farallon Islands, approximately 40 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 1. The Farallon Islands, approximately 40 miles west of San Francisco, California, and 70 miles southeast of the type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov., in the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.

FIGURE 4 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 4. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — double discs and disc-spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm.

FIGURE 9 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 9. Map showing the known distribution of the genus Swiftia in North America and northern South America. Arrow shows type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov.

FIGURE 5 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 5. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — eight radiates. Scale bar = 0.03 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 6. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014.

FIGURE 8 in A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)

FIGURE 8. Map of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (central California, USA), showing type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. (represented by red triangle). Map modified from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014).

FIGURE 10. Eugorgia rubens. A in Deep-Sea Octocoral Biodiversity Surveys in Central California

FIGURE 10. Eugorgia rubens. A. Living colony in situ off San Mateo County, Monterey Bay NMS, 75 m depth, 3 August 2018. CA. B. Dried specimen (CASIZ 228213) of the colony shown in A; scale bar = 150 mm. C. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites; scale bar = 0.02 mm. Photograph 10A courtesy of NOAA and MARE.

FIGURE 6 in Deep-Sea Octocoral Biodiversity Surveys in Central California

FIGURE 6. In situ images made by the MARE ROV "Beagle" of two deep-sea pennatulaceans in CBNMS, August 2-3, 2018, on board FSV Bell M. Shimada. A. Acanthoptilum gracile. B. Ptilosarcus gurneyi. Photographs courtesy of NOAA and MARE.

FIGURE 8 in Deep-Sea Octocoral Biodiversity Surveys in Central California

FIGURE 8. Paragorgia yutlinux (CASIZ 220970). A. Partial colony, scale bar = 50 mm. B. Coenenchymal sclerites, scale bar = 0.04 mm.

FIGURE 2. Offshore Operations. A in Deep-Sea Octocoral Biodiversity Surveys in Central California

FIGURE 2. Offshore Operations. A. Scientific staff on board FSV Bell M. Shimada with the MARE ROV, "Beagle", August 2018. B. The ROV "Hercules" on board E/V Nautilus. C. The manipulator arm of the ROV "Hercules" on the E/V Nautilus, collecting branches of the bamboo coral, Keratosis sp. D. The E/V Nautilus at harbor, San Francisco. E. Bow of the E/V Nautilus approaching the Golden Gate. F. The CBNMS ROV on board R/V Fulmar. Photograph 2C courtesy OET and NOAA.

FIGURE 5. Isidids. A in Deep-Sea Octocoral Biodiversity Surveys in Central California

FIGURE 5. Isidids. A. Acanella sp., laboratory photograph of wet-preserved specimen. B. Keratoisis sp., two portions of axes showing branching arising from calcareous internodes. C. Isidella sp., portion of an axis showing branches arising from proteinous nodes. D. Lepidisis sp., portion of living colony in situ. Several anemones are attached to the rachis as well (arrows). Photograph 5D courtesy of OET and NOAA.