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185 results for “Changing environments”
In-stream tidal energy resources in macrotidal non-cohesive sediment environments: effect of morphodynamic changes at two bays in the upper Gulf of California
<p>Project_info: This dataset was obtained during the project CeMIE-Oceano (2017-2021), and was party financed by SENER-CONACyT (contract no. 249795).<br> License: The authors appreciate that users of these data: 1) Contact Vanesa Magar (vmagar@cicese.edu.mx) to follow the uses of the data, and 2) Include the requested acknowledgment (cite using the DOI of this dataset) in any presentations or publications.</p> <p>This dataset includes data used for producing Figures 4,5 and Tables 1,2 of paper "IN-STREAM TIDAL ENERGY RESOURCES IN MACROTIDAL NON-COHESIVE SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENTS: EFFECT OF MORPHODYNAMIC CHANGES AT TWO BAYS IN THE UPPER GULF OF CALIFORNIA" published in<br> Journal of Marine Science and Engineering.</p> <p>Bermúdez-Romero, Anahí; Vanesa Magar; Markus S. Gross; Victor M. Godínez; Manuel López-Mariscal; Julio Candela. In-Stream tidal energy resources in macrotidal non-cohesive sediment environment: Effect ofmorphodynamic changes at two bays in the upper Gulf of California. Journal of Marine Science and Enginnering, 9:411. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040411</p>
The MAMMAMIA project: A multi-scale multi-method approach to understand runoff-induced changes in the subglacial environment and consequences for surge dynamic in Kongsvegen glacier, Svalbard
<p> </p> <p>Data set at a 3h resolution of all the data used in the study ''The MAMMAMIA project: A multi-scale multi-method approach to<br> understand runoff-induced changes in the subglacial environment<br> and consequences for surge dynamic in Kongsvegen glacier,<br> Svalbard', Coline bouchayer, Ugo Nanni, Pierre-Marie Lefeuvre, John Hulth, Louise Schmidt, Jack Kohler, Francois Renard and Thomas V. Schuler. The mansucript is in prepartaion to be submitted to The Crysophere (@ Add DOI when submitted).</p>
Collective Decision-Making and Change Detection with Bayesian Robots in Dynamic Environments
<p>The following folder structure holds all research data of my conducted experiments(h5-logfiles and plots). The Python-Script "show_h5.py" can be used to read out the logfile in h5-format (<em>$python3 show_h5.py expample_logfilename.h5</em>). However, this shouldn't be necessary because all plots are already generated.</p> <p>To find the results you want to see, this is a small guide through the structure:</p> <ol> <li> <p>First the trials are divided into the respective methods (PELT, DBB, DBBCPD). In the folders you find the experiments for the specific method.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the folder of PELT you find the results for the different feedback types and their combinations. The id for each feedback is noted in parentheses (e.g. XX_(id)_feedback_description). Feedback combinations have their ids added up (e.g. XX_(id1+...+idn)_feedback_description).</p> </li> <li> <p>In the folder to each feedback type the different test trials can be found. This means varying environment difficulties and parameter settings. In the name of the folders this information can be found (e.g. XX_method_environmentdifficulty_parametersetting).</p> </li> </ol> <p>All experiments follow the same procedure as long as it is stated otherwise. Each trial consists of 20 individual runs with a duration of 6000 seconds. At half time (3000 s) a change to the opposite fill ratio occurs (fill ratio of 1.0 defines a completely white and one of 0.0 a completely black environment).</p> <p><strong>Environment difficulty</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>0901 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.9 to 0.1</p> </li> <li> <p>0703 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.7 to 0.3</p> </li> <li> <p>0604 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.6 to 0.4</p> </li> <li> <p>055045 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.55 to 0.45</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Parameter Setting</strong></p> <p>The setting is in the name of the folder composed of: feedbackID: intervalLength amountNeighbors</p> <ul> <li> <p>3c:50s3n --> feedback 3c with a 50s interval and 3 neighbors</p> </li> </ul> <p>In these folders all plots of the respective runs can be found showing a Boxplot of all 20 runs and for each run the swarm belief, the decision distribution and the reset histogram (before/after the change)</p>
Fig. 1 in Adaptations of tenebrionid beetles to Mediterranean sand dune environments and the impact of climate change (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 1 – Relationship between activity and temperature in some tenebrionid species in Palestine investigated by Bodenheimer (1934). Activity intensity is expressed by the following rank scale: (1) cold-torpor, (2) only weak, occasional movements of legs and antennae, (3) crawling with interruptions, (4) normal activity, (5) high activity, (6) excited activity, (1) heat-torpor, (0) heat-death. Redrawn from Fattorini (2008) with corrections. Inset: Zophosis punctata (photo S. Fattorini).
Fig. 2 in Adaptations of tenebrionid beetles to Mediterranean sand dune environments and the impact of climate change (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 2 – Diel and monthly activity patterns of tenebrionid beetles of Mediterranean dunes. A, diel activity of Erodius siculus in Latium (Central Italy) in May 1997; B, diel activity of Pimelia bipunctata in Latium (Central Italy) in March 1997; C, diel activity of Pimelia bipunctata in the same locality in May 1997. In these experiments, activity was measured as number of individuals intercepted by pitfall traps per hour in single days. After counting, beetles were immediately released. N: number of trapped individuals per hour. Ta: ambient temperature (°C), Ti: soil internal (3-4 cm depth) temperature (°C), Ts: soil surface temperature (°C). D, Phenological patterns of Erodius siculus in Latium (Central Italy) and Sicily (Southern Italy). Phenologies are expressed as number of locations in which the species has been recorded in each month over a period of a century (from 1897 to 1997). A and D are based on Di Stefano & Fattorini (2002). B and C are based on Fattorini & Di Stefano (2004). Photos: courtesy of L. Di Biase.
Data used in: Assessing the resilience and viability of communities in a changing environment
<p>In order to assess community resilience, we propose to analyse how variation in overall abundance of individuals affect the number of species. We define community senstivity as the ratio between rate of change in log expected number of individuals in the community and the rate of change in the log expected number of species. Second, we define community resistance as the proportional reduction in expected number of individuals that the community can sustain before expecting to lose one species. To illustrate these concepts we use four datasets of bird communities in European deciduous forests.</p> <p>We estimated the total variance of the species abundance distribution in order to calculate the community sensitivity and resistance. We found large differences in species heterogeneity and species-specific response to environmental fluctuations, the two major components of the total variance.</p> <p>The datasets are collected from various previously published sources, see references below and in the paper. The code for importing and analysing the raw data as done in the paper can be found here:<span class="ng-binding"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252471">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252471</a>, but we also provide better-structured datasets for easier applications to others.<br></span></p>
Underlying data for: "Morphology as indicator of adaptive changes of model tissues in osmotically and chemically changing environments"
<p>For our publication "Morphology as indicator of adaptive changes of model tissues in osmotically and chemically changing environments" (at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213635">DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213635)</a> we here provide the raw data for the included plots.</p> <p>Due to the aggregate size of the numerous microscopy images, those are provided on request.<br> Herein, we provide the data obtained by processing the microscopy images into cell nuclei positions, cell density profiles and morpological as well as topological parameters.</p>
Data from: Changes in Invertebrate Food Web Structure Between High- and Low-productivity Environments are Driven by Intermediate but Not Top Predator Diet Shifts
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Data used in: Assessing the resilience and viability of communities in a changing environment
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Data from: Nascent transcription reveals regulatory changes in extremophile fishes inhabiting hydrogen sulfide-rich environments
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Data from: Maintaining local adaptation is key for evolutionary rescue and long-term persistence of populations experiencing habitat loss and a changing environment
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Data from: Evolution and disappearance of sympatric Coregonus albula in a changing environment - a case study of the only remaining population pair in Sweden
<p>During the past 50 years Fennoscandian populations of spring-spawning Baltic cisco (<em>Coregonus albula</em>), sympatric to common autumn-spawners, have declined or disappeared; e.g., three out of four known spring-spawning populations in Sweden are regarded as extinct. Over the same period, climate has changed and populations have been subject to other anthropogenic stressors. We compared historic (1960s) and recent (1990-2000s) morphological data from the still existent sympatric cisco populations in Lake Fegen, Sweden. Phenotypic changes were found for spring-spawners making them more similar to the sympatric autumn-spawners (that had remained virtually unchanged). Based on results for other salmoniform fishes, a phenotypically plastic response to increased temperature during early development appears unlikely. The recent material was also analysed with microsatellite markers; long-term effective population size in spring-spawners was estimated to be about 20 times lower than autumn-spawners, with signs of long-term gene flow in both directions and a recent genetic bottleneck in spring-spawners. The change towards a less distinct phenotype in spring-spawners is suggested to reflect a recent increase in gene flow from autumn-spawners. Time since divergence was estimated to only c. 1 900 years (95% CI: 400 – 5 900), but still the Fegen populations represent the most morphologically and genetically distinct sympatric populations studied. Consequently, we hypothesise that less distinct population pairs can be even younger, and that spring-spawning may have repeatedly evolved and disappeared in several lakes since the end of the last glaciation, concurrent with changed environmental conditions.</p>
Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment
<p>Ocean warming favors pelagic tunicates, such as salps, that exhibit increasingly frequent and rapid population blooms, impacting trophic dynamics and composition and human marine-dependent activities. Salp blooms are a result of their successful reproductive life history, alternating seasonally between asexual and sexual protogynous (i.e. sequential) hermaphroditic stages. While predicting future salp bloom frequency and intensity relies on an understanding of the transitions during the sexual stage from female through parturition and subsequent sex change to male, these transitions have not been explored at the molecular level. Here we report the development of the first complete genome of S. thompsoni and the North Atlantic sister species S. aspera. Genome and comparative analyses reveal an abundance of repeats and G-quadruplex (G4) motifs, a highly stable secondary structure, distributed throughout both salp genomes, a feature shared with other tunicates that perform alternating sexual-asexual reproductive strategies. Transcriptional analyses across sexual reproductive stages for S. thompsoni revealed genes associated with male sex differentiation and spermatogenesis are expressed as early as birth and before parturition, inconsistent with previous descriptions of sequential sexual differentiation in salps. Our findings suggest salp are poised for reproductive success at birth, increasing the potential for bloom formation as ocean temperatures rise.</p>
Incorporating generalist seagrasses enhances habitat restoration in a changing environment
<p>Coastal habitat-forming species provide protection and essential habitat for fisheries but their ability to maintain these services are under threat from novel stressors including rising temperatures. Coastal habitat restoration is a powerful tool to help mitigate the loss of habitat-forming species, however, many efforts focus on reintroducing a single, imperiled species instead of incorporating alternatives that are more conducive to current and future conditions. Seagrass restoration has seen mixed success in halting local meadow declines but could begin to specifically utilize generalist seagrasses with climate change-tolerant and opportunistic life history traits including high reproduction rates and rapid growth.</p> <p>Here, we built on decades of successful eelgrass (<em>Zostera marina</em>) restoration in the Chesapeake Bay by experimentally testing seed-based restoration potential of widgeongrass (<em>Ruppia maritima</em>)<em> </em>– a globally distributed seagrass that can withstand wide ranges of salinities and temperatures. Using field experiments, we evaluated which seeding methods yielded highest widgeongrass survival and growth, tested if seeding widgeongrass adjacent to eelgrass can increase restoration success, and quantified how either seagrass species changes restored bed structure, invertebrate communities, and nitrogen cycling.</p> <p>We found widgeongrass can be restored via direct seeding in the fall, and that seeding both species maximized total viable restored area. Our pilot restoration area increased by 98% because we seeded widgeongrass in shallow, high temperature waters that are currently unsuitable for eelgrass survival and thus, would remain unseeded via only eelgrass restoration efforts. Restored widgeongrass<em> </em>had higher faunal diversity and double animal abundance per plant biomass than restored eelgrass, whereas restored eelgrass produced three times greater plant biomass per unit area and higher nitrogen recycling in the sediment.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> Overall, we provide evidence that supplementing opportunistic, generalist species into habitat restoration is a proactive approach to combat climate change impacts. Specifically, these species can increase trait diversity which, for our study, increased total habitat area restored - a key factor to promote seagrass beds' facilitation cascades, stability, and grass persistence through changing environments. Now, we call for tests to determine if the benefits of restoration with generalist species alone or in conjunction with historically dominant taxa are broadly transferrable to restoration in other marine and terrestrial habitats.</p>
Adaptive and non-adaptive plasticity in changing environments: implications for sexual species with different life history strategies
<p>Populations adapt to novel environmental conditions by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity. Plastic responses are generally faster and can buffer fitness losses under variable conditions. Plasticity is typically modelled as random noise and linear reaction norms that assume simple one-to-one genotype-phenotype maps and no limits to the phenotypic response. Most studies on plasticity have focused on its effect on population viability. However, it is not clear, whether the advantage of plasticity depends solely on environmental fluctuations or also on the genetic and demographic properties (life histories) of populations. Here we present an individual-based model and study the relative importance of adaptive and non-adaptive plasticity for populations of sexual species with different life histories experiencing directional stochastic climate change. Environmental fluctuations were simulated using differentially autocorrelated climatic stochasticity or noise color, and scenarios of directional climate change. Non-adaptive plasticity was simulated as a random environmental effect on trait development, while adaptive plasticity as a linear, saturating, or sinusoidal reaction norm. The last two imposed limits to the plastic response and emphasized flexible interactions of the genotype with the environment. Interestingly, this assumption led to (i) smaller phenotypic than genotypic variance in the population (many-to-one genotype-phenotype map) and the coexistence of polymorphisms, and (ii) the maintenance of higher genetic variation – compared to linear reaction norms and genetic determinism – even when the population was exposed to a constant environment for several generations. Limits to plasticity led to genetic accommodation, when costs were negligible, and to the appearance of cryptic variation when limits were exceeded. We found that adaptive plasticity promoted population persistence under red environmental noise and was particularly important for life histories with low fecundity. Populations producing more offspring could cope with environmental fluctuations solely by genetic changes or random plasticity, unless environmental change was too fast.</p>
Genetic response to human‐induced habitat changes in the marine environment: A century of evolution of European sprat in Landvikvannet, Norway
<p>Habitat changes represent one of the five most pervasive threats to biodiversity. However, anthropogenic activities also have the capacity to create novel niche spaces to which species respond differently. In 1880, one such habitat alterations occurred in Landvikvannet, a freshwater lake on the Norwegian coast of Skagerrak, which became brackish after being artificially connected to the sea. This lake is now home to the European sprat, a pelagic marine fish that managed to develop a self-recruiting population in barely few decades. Landvikvannet sprat proved to be genetically isolated from the three main populations described for this species; i.e. Norwegian fjords, Baltic Sea, and the combination of North Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak. This distinctness was depicted by an accuracy self-assignment of 89% and a highly significant F<sub>ST</sub> between the lake sprat and each of the remaining samples (average of ≈0.105). The correlation between genetic and environmental variation indicated that salinity could be an important environmental driver of selection (3.3% of the 91 SNPs showed strong associations). Likewise, Isolation by Environment was detected for salinity, although not for temperature, in samples not adhering to an Isolation by Distance pattern. Neighbour-joining tree analysis suggested that the source of the lake sprat is in the Norwegian fjords, rather than in the Baltic Sea despite a similar salinity profile. Strongly drifted allele frequencies and lower genetic diversity in Landvikvannet compared with the Norwegian fjords concur with a founder effect potentially associated with local adaptation to low salinity. Genetic differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>) between marine and brackish sprat is larger in the comparison Norway- Landvikvannet than in Norway-Baltic, which suggests that the observed divergence was achieved in Landvikvannet in some 65 generations, i.e., 132 years, rather than gradually over thousands of years (the age of the Baltic Sea), thus highlighting the pace at which human-driven evolution can happen.</p>
Data for isolation-by-environment and its consequences for range shifts with global change: Landscape genomics of the invasive common tansy
<p>Invasive species are a growing global economic and ecological problem. However, it is not well understood how environmental factors mediate invasive range expansion. In this study, we investigated the recent and rapid range expansion of common tansy across environmental gradients in Minnesota, U.S.A. We densely sampled individuals across the expanding range and performed reduced representation sequencing to generate a dataset of 3071 polymorphic loci for 176 individuals. The dataset includes additional samples from the native range in Finland that were not used in the downstream analysis but are contributed for completeness. The dataset includes the genotype calls for all individuals sampled and sequenced. The genotype file was generated by stacks2.59 running the denovo pipeline and then using the populations function where we kept loci that were in 70% of populations and had a minor allele frequency of at least 1%. We used non-spatial and spatially-explicit analyses to determine the relative influences of geographic distance and environmental variation on patterns of genomic variation. We found no evidence for isolation-by-distance (IBD) but strong evidence for isolation-by-environment (IBE), indicating that environmental factors may have modulated patterns of range expansion.</p>
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a stable (Source: NWU Records, Archives and Museum).
Figure 6 in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 6. Stateoftheart open top chambers for research in ecophysiology (Photo: Jacques Berner).
FIG. 1. — A in Calcareous algae in changing environments
FIG. 1. — A group of attendees at the Milano-Bicocca University.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.