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54 results for “Char”
Taurine depletion impairs cardiac function and affects tolerance to hypoxia and high temperatures in brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis)
<p>Physiological and environmental stressors can cause osmotic stress in fish hearts, leading to a reduction in intracellular taurine concentration. Taurine is a beta amino acid known to regulate cardiac function in other animal models but its role in fish has not been fully elucidated. We generated a model of cardiac taurine-deficiency (TD) by feeding brook char (<em>Salvelinus</em> <em>fontinalis</em>) a diet enriched in β-alanine, which inhibits cardiomyocyte taurine uptake. Cardiac taurine levels were reduced by 21%, and stress-induced changes in normal taurine handling were observed in TD brook char. Responses to exhaustive exercise and acute thermal and hypoxia tolerance were then assessed using a combination of in vivo, in vitro, and biochemical approaches. Critical thermal maximum was higher in TD brook char despite significant reductions in maximum heart rate. In vivo, TD brook char exhibited a lower resting heart rate, blunted hypoxic bradycardia, and a severe reduction in time to loss of equilibrium under hypoxia. In vitro function was similar between control and TD hearts under oxygenated conditions, but stroke volume and cardiac output were severely compromised in TD hearts under anoxia. Aspects of mitochondrial structure and function were also impacted in TD permeabilized cardiomyocytes, but overall effects were modest. High levels of intracellular taurine are required to achieve maximum cardiac function in brook char and cardiac taurine efflux may be necessary to support heart function under stress. Taurine appears to play a vital, previously unrecognized role in supporting cardiovascular function and stress tolerance in fish.</p>
Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska
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Morphometric trait measurements of Arctic char in foothill lakes of arctic Alaska
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Sperm competition experiment with lake char (Lake Geneva 2017/18)
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Use of charred vertebrate carcasses by carrion beetles: Implications of controlled burns and wildfires for the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus
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Inbreeding and kinship coefficients of parents of sperm competition experiment with lake char (Lake Geneva 2017/18)
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Taurine depletion impairs cardiac function and affects tolerance to hypoxia and high temperatures in brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis)
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Data from: Genetic population structure and variation at phenology-related loci in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
The Arctic will be especially affected by climate change, resulting in altered seasonal timing. Anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) delimiting time periods available for foraging in the sea. Recent studies of salmonid species have shown variation at phenology-related loci associated with timing of migration and spawning. We contrasted genetic population structure at 53 SNPs versus four phenology-related loci among 15 anadromous Arctic char populations from Western Greenland and three outgroup populations. Among anadromous populations, the time period available for foraging at sea (> 2oC) ranges from a few weeks to several months, motivating two research questions: 1) Is population structure compatible with possibilities for evolutionary rescue of anadromous populations during climate change? 2) Does selection associated with latitude or SST regimes act on phenology-related loci? In Western Greenland, strong isolation-by-distance at SNPs was observed and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed genetic patch size up to 450 km, documenting contingency and gene flow among populations. Outlier tests provided no evidence for selection at phenology-related loci. However, in Western Greenland, mean allele length at OtsClock1b was positively associated with the time of year when SST first exceeded 2oC and negatively associated with duration of the period where SST exceeded 2oC. This is consistent with local adaptation for making full use of the time period available for foraging in the sea. Current adaptation may become maladaptive under climate change, but long-distance connectivity of anadromous populations could redistribute adaptive variation across populations and lead to evolutionary rescue.
Synthesis of a novel aluminum salt of nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate with high char formation to flame retard acrylonitrile –butadiene–styrene
<p>A novel nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate salt----aluminum β-(p-nitrobenzamide) ethyl methyl phosphinate (AlNP) was synthesized and used to flame retard acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>31</sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) were applied to characterize the structure and composition of products. The flame retardancy performance, thermal properties and mechanical strength of the ABS/AlNP with respect to AlNP loading were investigated. AlNP was stable before 330 <sup>o</sup>C and decomposed very slowly with residues high up to 56.1 % at 700<sup> o</sup>C. Adding 25-30 wt% of AlNP alone can make ABS to pass V0 rating in the vertical burning tests (UL 94). The results according to the micro combustion calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis showed that AlNP can depress the heating release and retard the thermal degradation of the ABS. Scanning electron microscopy observation for the residues from LOI test indicated that AlNP formed the condensed and tough residues layer during combustion; XRF analysis showed that the residues contained phosphorus and aluminum element and nitrogen element was not detected. The compact phosphorus/aluminium-rich substance acted as a barrier to enhance flame-retardant properties of the ABS.</p>
Data from: Post-glacial recolonization of the North American Arctic by Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): genetic evidence of multiple northern refugia and hybridization between glacial lineages
Aims: We investigated post-glacial recolonization of the North American Arctic by Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and examined potential hybridization between different glacial lineages upon secondary contact. Location: North American Arctic and adjacent areas. Methods: We collected mtDNA sequence data from 1355 individuals from 110 sampling locations and data from nine microsatellite loci from 931 individuals from 37 locations. We assessed the phylogenetic relationships and geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes and conducted historical demographic analyses. We used a Bayesian clustering analysis method to detect potential hybridization between glacial lineages. Results: Two highly divergent mtDNA lineages were identified in the Arctic region with distinct but overlapping geographic distributions: one in Beringia and the other over the entire Arctic Archipelago and coastal mainland east of Alaska. The microsatellite data also implied the existence of these two lineages. Evidence of hybridization was detected between the Arctic lineage and an Atlantic lineage in eastern North America. Main conclusions: Our data suggested survival and recolonization from two northern glacial refugia: one in Beringia and another in a smaller refugium, perhaps in the Arctic Archipelago itself or a separate refugium within Beringia. Patterns of hybridization detected supported the presence of a secondary contact zone between glacial lineages in the eastern Canadian Arctic.
Raw data to "A Quantum Chemical Study on the Evolution of Sulfur Functional Groups During Char Burnout"
<p>This data is a supplement to the publication entitled "A Quantum Chemical Study on the Evolution of Sulfur Functional Groups During Char Burnout".</p>
Figure 29. Characters 55 and 56 and their postulated states. Char. 55 in Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis and classification of the family Rhinocryptidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Figure 29. Characters 55 and 56 and their postulated states. Char. 55. Hypotarsus, posterolateral tendinal canal, configuration: A, closed – 55.0; B, open – 55.1. Char. 56. Hypotarsus, posteromedial tendinal canal, configuration: B, closed – 56.0; A, open – 56.1. Proximal end of right tarsometatarsus of (A) Eugralla paradoxa (MCP 2398) and left tarsometatarsus of (B) Pteroptochos tarnii (MCP 2397). Not to scale.
Figure 20. Characters 37 and 38 and their postulated states. Char. 37 in Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis and classification of the family Rhinocryptidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Figure 20. Characters 37 and 38 and their postulated states. Char. 37. Mandible, lateral margin, caudal end in dorsal view, configuration: A, relatively plain, with no protuberance – 37.0; B, with a small protuberance – 37.1; C, with a well-developed protuberance – 37.2. Char. 38. Mandible, medial process, foramen: A, present – 38.0; B, C, absent – 38.1. Caudal end of the mandible of (A) Melanopareia torquata (MCP 2271), (B) Liosceles thoracicus (MPEG O-3953), and (C) Teledromas fuscus (MCP 2396) in dorsal view. Not to scale.
Figure 9. Characters 22 and 23 and their postulated states. Char. 22 in Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis and classification of the family Rhinocryptidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Figure 9. Characters 22 and 23 and their postulated states. Char. 22. Ectethmoid, rostral surface, lateral portion, projection: A, absent – 22.0; B, present – 22.1. Char. 23. Ectethmoid, rostral surface, medial portion, projection: A, absent – 23.0; B, present – 23.1. Skulls of (A) Liosceles thoracicus (MPEG O-3953) and (B) Pteroptochos tarnii (MCP 2397) in ventral view. Not to scale.
Figure 1. Characters 1 and 2 and their postulated states. Char. 1 in Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis and classification of the family Rhinocryptidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Figure 1. Characters 1 and 2 and their postulated states. Char. 1. Premaxilla, rostrum, length relative to the maxilla: B, longer – 1.0; A, C, D, shorter – 1.1. Lr is the length of the rostrum and pr is its caudal projection over the maxilla; an arrow marks the caudal margin of the maxillary process of the nasal (see text). Char. 2. Premaxilla, nasal process, form: A, not arched – 2.0; B, smoothly arched – 2.1; C, strongly arched – 2.2; D, developed into a high crest – 2.3. Rostrum of (A) Rhinocrypta lanceolata (MCP 2395), (B) Liosceles thoracicus (MPEG O-3953), (C) Eugralla paradoxa (MCP 2398) and (D) Acropternis orthonyx (QCAZ 3723) in lateral view. Not to scale.
Data from: Post-glacial recolonization of the North American Arctic by Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): genetic evidence of multiple northern refugia and hybridization between glacial lineages
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Data from: Emissions and char quality of flame-curtain "Kon Tiki" kilns for farmer-scale charcoal/biochar production
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Data from: Genetic stock structure of Anadromous Arctic char in Canada’s Central Arctic: potential implications for the management of Canada’s largest Arctic char commercial fishery
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Data from: Genomics and telemetry suggest a role for migration harshness in determining overwintering habitat choice, but not gene flow, in anadromous Arctic Char
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Synthesis of a novel aluminum salt of nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate with high char formation to flame retard acrylonitrile –butadiene–styrene
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.