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FIGURE 16 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 16. Excavation (ex) of the ventral wall of the pygophore: in a discontinuous line in C. laeta (a), continuous in C. nigritarsis (b).

FIGURE 15 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 15. Excavation (ex) of the posterolateral angles of the pygophore: facing laterad in C. geniculata (a), facing dorsad in C. runaspis (b).

FIGURE 14 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 14. Dorsal view of pygophore. Posterolateral angles (pa): extending slightly beyond the posterior margin of segment X (X) in C. hilaris (a), extending well beyond in C. pengue (b). Lateral margins (lm) of the flaps of pygophore ventral wall: perpendicular to the body longitudinal axis C. hilaris (a), semi-parallel to the body longitudinal axis in C. pengue (b).

FIGURE 13 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 13. Posterior margin of gonocoxites 9 (gc9): straight in C. rinapsa (a), concave in C. runaspis (b).

FIGURE 4 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 4. Black spot (bs) at the base of the antenniferous tubercle (at), blackened external margin of propleura (emp) and colored band (cb) along the anterolateral margins of the pronotum in C. pengue.

FIGURE 8 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 8. Black spots on the anterior (an) and extending along the whole posterior (po) margins of connexival segments in C. runaspis.

FIGURE 9 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 9. Abdominal spine (as): reduced in C. laeta (a), reaching hind coxae in C. marginata (b), surpassing mesocoxae in C. obstinata (c).

FIGURE 3 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 3. Concavity of the lateral margins of juga (j): slightly developed in C. laeta (a), strongly developed in C. geniculata (b).

FIGURE 1 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 1. Distribution of obstinata group. Green, Chinavia difficilis; red, C. obstinata; yellow, C. napaea. Dark gray, Brazilian Atlantic Forest; light gray, Pampa biome.

FIGURE 2 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 2. Polymorphism of dorsal black spots on Chinavia obstinata: C. obstinata 1 (a), with black spots on the internal margins of the cicatrices of pronotum (cp), scutellum basal angles (sba) and posterior margins of connexival segment (pmc); C. obstinata 2 (b), with black spots on the scutellum basal angles and posterior margins of connexivum; C. obstinata 3 (c), with black spots on the internal margins of the cicatrices of pronotum and posterior margins of connexivum; C. obstinata 4 (d), without dorsal black spots.

FIGURE 7 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 7. Yellowish dots (yd) on the scutellum basal margin: well marked in Chinavia rinapsa (a), slightly marked in C. difficilis (b).

FIGURE 5 in Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 5. Shape of anterolateral margins of pronotum (am): straight in C. laeta (a), convex in C. pengue (b); black spots present on the internal margins of the cicatrices (ci) of pronotum in C. laeta.

Figure 4 in Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): a unique pattern in the morphology of Chinavia Orian, 1965 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

Figure 4. Egg of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878), scanning electron micrograph: (A) upperlateral view (ap5anterior pole; am5aero-micropylar process; scale, 500 Mm); (B) detail of chorion and aero-mycropylar process (scale, 50 Mm).

Figure 3 in Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): a unique pattern in the morphology of Chinavia Orian, 1965 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

Figure 3. Nymphs of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): 4th and 5th instar, showing conspicuous tubercles on the openings of odoriferous glands of II and III median abdominal plates (arrows) (scale, 1 mm).

Figure 2 in Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): a unique pattern in the morphology of Chinavia Orian, 1965 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

Figure 2. Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878). (A) Egg, upper view (scale, 0.5 mm); (B) 1st instar (scale, 0.5 mm); (C) 2nd instar (scale, 1 mm); (D) 3rd instar (scale, 1 mm); (E) 4th instar (scale, 1 mm); (F) 5th instar (scale, 1 mm).

Figure 1 in Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): a unique pattern in the morphology of Chinavia Orian, 1965 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

Figure 1. Adult of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878). (A) Dorsal view (scale, 2 mm); (B) anterior view (scale, 4 mm); (C) lateral view (scale, 3 mm).

FIGURE 7 in Review and phylogeny of the geniculata group, genus Chinavia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with notes on biogeography and morphological evolution

FIGURE 7. Pygophore of Chinavia pontagrossensis. A = ventral view; B = dorsal view; C = posterior view. pa = posterolateral angle; fl = flap of ventral rim; ca = carina of dorsal rim; X = segment X; me = median excavation of the ventral rim.

FIGURE 6 in Review and phylogeny of the geniculata group, genus Chinavia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with notes on biogeography and morphological evolution

FIGURE 6. Internal genitalia of the geniculata group. A = female internal ducts (C. erythrocnemis); B = male phallus (C. geniculata). aaf = anterior annular flange, cs = capsula seminalis, paf = posterior annular flange, pcs = processes of capsula seminalis, pi = pars intermedialis; ph = phalloteca, pv = processes of vesica, v = vesica.

FIGURE 5 in Review and phylogeny of the geniculata group, genus Chinavia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with notes on biogeography and morphological evolution

FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of the pygophores of the geniculata group species. A = C. cearensis, B = C. erythrocnemis, C = C. geniculata, D = C. gravis, E = C. immaculata, F = C. nigritarsis, G = C. pontagrossensis, H = C. rideri, I = C. sebastiaoi, J = C. vanduzeei; pa = posterolateral angle.

FIGURE 4 in Review and phylogeny of the geniculata group, genus Chinavia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with notes on biogeography and morphological evolution

FIGURE 4. Dorsal view of the geniculata group species. A = C. cearensis, B = C. erythrocnemis, C = C. geniculata, D = C. gravis, E = C. immaculata, F = C. nigritarsis, G = C. nigropicta, H = C. panamensis, I = C. pontagrossensis, J = C. rogenhoferi, K = C. rideri, L = C. sebastiaoi, M = C. tuiucauna, N = C. vanduzeei.