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opennotspecifiedJan 2019View details →

FIGURE 1 in Cladosporium omanense, a new endophytic species from Zygophyllum coccineum in Oman

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) majority rule consensus tree for the analyzed taxa belongs to the C. sphaerospermum complex. RAxML bootstrap support values (ML) are given at the nodes (ML equal or greater than 50%). Species name is followed by the strain accession number. Isolate from present study is in blue and tree was rooted to Cercospora beticola (CBS 116456).

opennotspecifiedJan 2019View details →

FIGURE 3 in Cladosporium omanense, a new endophytic species from Zygophyllum coccineum in Oman

FIGURE 3. Structure and surface ornamentation of Cladosporium omanense under scanning electron microscope. a. Conidial chains b–c. Conidiogenous cells d. Truncate base of ramoconidia. E. Conidium. Scale bars: a = 10 μm b–e = 5 μm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2019View details →

FIGURE 2 in Cladosporium omanense, a new endophytic species from Zygophyllum coccineum in Oman

FIGURE 2. Micromorphological characters of the Cladosporium omanense (SQUCC 13165). a. Micronematous conidiophores and conidial chains with terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells. b. Macronematous conidiophores and conidial chains. c. Branched micronematous conidiophores and conidial chains with geniculate conidiophores, ramoconidai, secondary ramoconidia, intercalary conidia and small terminal conidia. d. Branched micronematous conidiophore with geniculate intercalary conidiogenous cell. e. Longitudinal layouts ornamentation of conidiophore and conidial chain. f. Wider hyphae g. Narrow hyphae enveloped in polysaccharide-like material. Scale bars: a–b, d, f = 25 μm, g = 10 μm. Scale bar of b applies to b–c. Scale bar of d applies to d–e.

FIGURE 3. Cladosporium angulosum COAD 2500. A in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 3. Cladosporium angulosum COAD 2500. A. Cachoeira do Milita, Araponga-MG. B-C. Colonies on Malt Extract Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, after 14 days, at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively D. Overview of reproductive structures of the fungus. E. Conidiophores branched forming a 90º angle. F-G. Secondary ramoconidia and conidia formed in acropetal chains. Scale bars = 10µm.

FIGURE 2 in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 2. Cladosporium puris (VIC 44468, holotype). A. Tombo da Cachoeira, Canaã-MG. B. Leaf litter submerged in the watercourse. C –D. Colonies on Malt Extract Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, after 14 days, at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E. Overview of reproductive structures of the fungus. F. Ramoconidia and conidia formed in acropetal chains. G. Secondary ramoconidia. H. Conidia. Scale bars = 10µm.

FIGURE 1 in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 1. Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined ITS/LSU, TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. Culture numbers with type status are printed in bold face. The species in this study are highlighted in the colors red (Canaã), blue (Araponga) and green (Parque Estadual Serra do Brigadeiro). The tree was rooted with C. herbarum CBS 121621.

FIGURE 4. Cladosporium anthropophilum COAD 2497. A in Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

FIGURE 4. Cladosporium anthropophilum COAD 2497. A. Trilha do Encontro on PESB, Araponga-MG. B-C. Colonies on Malt Extract Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar, after 14 days, at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively D. Conidiogenous cell and secondary ramoconidia. E. Long and erect conidiophores. F. Conidiophores and chains of conidia. Scale bars = 10µm.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Lee W, Kim JS, Seo CW, Lee JW, Kim SH, Cho Y, Lim YW (2023) Diversity of Cladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae) species in marine environments and report on five new species. MycoKeys 98: 87-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.101918

Strains of Cladosporium isolated in this study with detailed information on habitats and regions and GenBank accession numbers

Fig. 5 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Fig. 5. DF11 effect on the accumulation of tanshinones and salvianolic acid in aseptic seedling roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Compared with the control group, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.

Fig. 3 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Fig. 3. Root phenotypes of S. miltiorrhiza seedlings 8 weeks after strain DF11 inocculation. (a)the control group inoculated with PDA liquid, (b) the treatment group inoculated with DF11 fungal suspension, (c) and (d) Red boxed areas of (a) and (b) are enlarged in (c) and (d) respectively. Scale bar = 1.0 cm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Fig. 2. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of strain DF11. (a)and(b) Frontal and backside morphology of DF11 colony respectively (Scale bar = 1.0 cm); (c)and(d) Microscopic morphology of spores and mycelium of DF11 respectively (40 × 10, Scale bar = 20 μm); (e)and(g) mycelium structure of DF11 showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (e) Mycelium and conidiophore; (f) Conidiophore; (g) Conidium; (h) Neighbor-joining tree of DF11 based on the ITS gene sequences.

Fig. 1 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Fig. 1. The tanshinone biosynthesis pathway in S. miltiorrhiza. AACT: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, HMGS: 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, HMGR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, MK: mevalonate kinase, PMK: 5-phosphomevalonate kinase, MDC: mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase, DXS: 1-deoxy-Dxylulose-5- phosphate synthase, DXR: 1- deoxy-D-xylulose-5- phosphatereductoisomerase, MCT: 2-C-methyl-D- erythritol- 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, CMK: 4- (cytidine 5-diphospho) -2-C-methyl- Derythritolkinase, MECPS: 2-C-methyl- erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphatesynthase, HDS: 1-hydroxy-2- methyl-2-(E)- butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase, HDR: 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2- (E)- butenyl-4- diphosphate reductase), IDI: isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, GGPPS: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, CPS: copalyl diphosphate synthase, KSL: kaurene synthase-like, CYP76AH1: cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 76AH1.

Fig. 6 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Fig. 6. The effects of DF11 on the expression of genes encoding for key enzymes of tanshinone biosynthesis pathway in S. miltiorrhiza roots. HMGR,3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, GGPPS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, CPS,copalyl diphosphate synthase, DXR,1-deoxy-D-xylulose5- phosphate reductoisomerase, DXS,1-deoxy-D- xylulose5-phosphate synthase, CYP76AH1,cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 76AH1. Compared with the control group, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001. ACTIN was the internal reference gene.

Fig. 4 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots

Fig. 4. The colonization of DF11 in the root of aseptic seedling of S. miltiorrhiza after immunofluorescence staining (8 weeks). Magnify 400x; Green: ConA-FITC; Blue: DAPI. Control: PDA sterile liquid medium. Red arrow: DF11 is located within the root cell; Red triangle: DF11 is located in the root cell space. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J (2021) Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain. MycoKeys 77: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.77.60862

Table S1

Figure 1 from: Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J (2021) Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain. MycoKeys 77: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.77.60862

Figure 1 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree obtained from the combined analysis of ITS, tef1 and act sequences of 101 strains from the C. cladosporioides complex. The tree is rooted with C. sphaerospermumCBS 193.54 and C. longissimumCBS 300.96. Numbers on the branches represent ML bootstrap support values (MLBS) ≥70%, followed by Maximum Parsimony bootstrap support values (PBS) ≥70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥0.95, lower values are indicate as "-". Bold branches indicate MLBS/PBS/PP of 100/100/1. Names of species newly described are indicated in bold. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. T Ex-type strain. ET Ex-epitype strain.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

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Phylogenetic relatedness among Cladosporium leaf endophytes predicts their ability to reduce the severity of a poplar leaf rust disease

More closely related organisms are expected to function more similarly than distantly related organisms due to shared ancestry and functional trait heritability. However, there have been few tests of this hypothesis for fungal leaf endophytes, which can modify host plant disease severity by a variety of mechanisms. We tested whether phylogenetic relatedness within Cladosporium, a genus including many common fungal leaf endophyte species, predicts endophyte effects on cottonwood leaf rust disease severity caused by Melampsora × columbiana. First, we used multilocus sequence typing to infer phylogenetic relationships among 96 Cladosporium isolates collected from wild cottonwood trees growing in Pacific Northwest of North America. Next, we conducted a double-inoculation leaf-disk assay (endophyte inoculated first, then rust pathogen) for a subset of 50 Cladosporium isolates to characterize disease modification for the endophyte isolates; data on endophytes parasitizing rust was collected simultaneously for each isolate. We used generalized linear models to link disease modification and mycoparisitic ability to endophyte phylogeny, while accounting for endophyte geographic origin. We recognized 17 distinct species of Cladosporium; all fifty isolates of Cladosporium reduced rust disease severity in our leaf disk assay (by as much as 79% and as little as 45%). Cladosporium phylogeny was a significant predictor of rust disease severity and was also correlated with mycoparasitism. The geographic origin of the isolates explained only a small amount of the overall variation in disease reduction. Our results demonstrate that fungal endophyte phylogenetic relatedness can help predict differences in endophyte function.

Figure 3 from: Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J (2021) Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain. MycoKeys 77: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.77.60862

Figure 3 Cladosporium caprifimosum (ex-type FMR 16532) a–c colonies on PDA, OA and SNA after 14 days at 25 °C d–e conidiophores f ramoconidia and conidia. Scale bars: 10 mm (a–c); 10 μm (d–f).

Figure 6 from: Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J (2021) Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain. MycoKeys 77: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.77.60862

Figure 6 Cladosporium lentulum (ex-type FMR 16288) a–c colonies on PDA, OA and SNA after 14 days at 25 °C d–e conidiophores f–g conidia. Scale bars: 10 mm (a–c); 10 μm (d–g).

Figure 8 from: Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J (2021) Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain. MycoKeys 77: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.77.60862

Figure 8 Cladosporium submersum (ex-type FMR 16264) a–c colonies on PDA (front at 25 °C and reverse at 20 °C), OA and SNA at 25 °C after 14 days d, e conidiophores and conidia f conidia. Scale bars: 10 mm (a–c); 10 μm (d–f).