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Fig. 5 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of male Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-posterior end, ventrolateral view, arrows show precloacal papillae; Bposterior end, ventral view, solid arrow shows right spicule, dashed arrow shows pair of adcloacal papillae, double arrows show postcloacal papillae; Cisolated right spicule, ventrolateral view, arrow shows shaft; D-right spicule tip, dorsal view; E– right spicule tip, ventral view, arrow shows ventral barb; Fisolated left spicule.

Fig. 3 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and van As, 2015 from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-postequatorial region of female, vulva, ventral view; B- vulva, lateral view, arrows show lips; C- first-stage larva exiting vulva; D-posterior end of male, ventral view, solid arrows show pre-cloacal papillae, dashed arrows show post-cloacal papillae, circles show adcloacal papillae; D(i)- pedunculate papilla; E– isolated right spicule, lateral view, solid arrow shows shaft, dashed arrow shows spicule tip; E (i)- right spicule tip, arrow shows velum; F- posterior end of male, ventrolateral view, arrow shows right spicule; G-isolated left spicule, lateral view; G(i)- left spicule tip, arrow shows velum.

Fig. 2 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and van As, 2015 from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-anterior end, lateral view; B- anterior end, apical view, solid arrow shows smooth peribuccal flange, dashed arrow shows marginal elevation; Cisolated buccal capsule, lateral view, arrow shows oesophagus; D-isolated buccal capsule, apical view, solid arrows show marginal elevations; E– buccal capsule interior, apical view, dashed arrow shows narrow ring, solid arrow shows basal ring; F- microdissected buccal capsule, lateral view, dashed arrow shows narrow ring, solid arrow shows basal ring; Ganterior region, lateral view, arrow shows excretory pore; G(i)- excretory pore, lateral view; H- lateral deirid, lateral view; I- lateral deirid, apical view. a = amphid; s = submedian papilla.

Fig. 7 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 7. Phylogram of Camallanidae based on CO1 mtDNA, with Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) as the outgroup. Procamallanus data and Paracamallanus lineage one (LI1) and two (LI2) from the present study are indicated in purple, orange and green, respectively. Nodal support presented for Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood approaches (BI/ML), with support lower than 0.75/75% excluded and support above 0.9/90% indicated by an asterisk (*).

Fig. 6 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 6. Phylogram of Camallanidae based on 18S rDNA, with Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) as the outgroup. Procamallanus and Paracamallanus data from the present study are indicated in purple and orange, respectively. Nodal support presented for Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood approaches (BI/ML), with support lower than 0.75/75% excluded and support above 0.9/90% indicated by an asterisk (*).

Fig. 4 in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). A-anterior end, apical view; B- anterior end, apical view, arrow shows oesophagus; C- isolated buccal capsule, lateral view, arrow shows oesophagus; C(i)- isolated buccal capsule, lateral view, double arrow shows isthmus; D-microdissected anterior buccal capsule, ventral view of longitudinal ridges. E- lateral view of deirid; F, G, G(i)- posterior end of female, apical view, digit-like processes. a = amphid; s = submedian papilla; sc = sclerotised plate; t = trident; 1 = anterior buccal capsule; 2 = anterior part of posterior buccal capsule; 3 = posterior part of buccal capsule.

Fig. 1. Maps indicating the sampling locality within South Africa. A in Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Fig. 1. Maps indicating the sampling locality within South Africa. A- Map of Africa. B- Map of South Africa; red square highlighting area of interest. C- Map of Crocodile River flowing from Lake Heritage (sampling site) to Hartbeespoort Dam further downstream.

Fig. 7 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 7. Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (nMDS) scatter plot explaining the diversity and abundance of the parasite infracommunities of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE) in South Africa. The ordination illustrates the similarity between parasite infracommunities, with a Pearson's correlation vector overlay showing parasitic taxa with a correlation>0.1. Similarity levels (15, 30) were selected based on the hierarchical cluster analyses (Resemblance = 50) of Bray Curtis coefficients.

Fig. 6 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 6. Parasite infracommunity composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE). A – abundance (N); B – species richness (S); C – Brillouin's diversity index (DB); D – Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′); E – Simpson diversity index (D) and F – Pielou's evenness index (J′). The mean and 95% confidence interval of each index is presented. Significant differences are considered as p <0.05 and denoted with an asterisk (*) in a table for each index.

Fig. 5 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of A – Paracamallanus sp. and Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900, B – dorsal view and C – ventral view. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 1000 μm (A, B).

Fig. 4 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1831 (A – D) from the intestine and Tylodelphys mashonensis Beverley-Burton, 1963 (E – H) from the cranial cavity of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. White arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Abbreviations: Gp – genital pore, OS – oral sucker, Ph – pharynx, Ps – pseudosuckers, Vs – ventral sucker. Scale bars: 50 μm (F–H); 100 μm (B–D, E); 500 μm (A).

Fig. 2 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 2. Map depicting the distribution of A. the Asian tapeworm, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) and B. the branchiuran fish lice, Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 from freshwater fishes in South Africa. Dark grey shading indicates provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently.

Fig. 3 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Monogenea found from the gills of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. A, B – Quadriacanthus aegypticus ElNaggar et Serag, 1985; C, D – Quadriacanthus allobychowskiella Paperna, 1979; E, F – Quadriacanthus clariadis Paperna, 1961; G, H – Quadriacanthus fornicatus Francov´a et ˇRehulkov´a, 2017; I – Quadriacanthus pravus Francov´a et ˇRehulkova´, 2017. Black arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Hamuli (A, C, E, G, I); male copulatory organ with accessory piece (B, D, F, H). Scale bars: 10 μm (B, D, F, H); 20 μm (I); 25 μm (A, C, E, G).

Fig. 1 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 1. Map indicating the localities where Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) were collected during the present study. The orange overlay indicates the translocated distribution of C. gariepinus in South Africa. Dark grey shading represents provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Fig. 2 in New records of digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda)

Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of Clinostomoides brieni Dollfus, 1950 (A–E) and Neodiplostomum type 1 metacercaria (F–H) from Clarias gariepinus in the Okavango Delta: (A) excysted metacercariae; (B) whole mount; (C) spines on body surface; (D) reproductive system; (E) excretory pore; (F) metacercariae encysted in muscle; (G) oral sucker and pharynx; (H) holdfast organ. Scale bars: A, B – 1 mm; C – 2 µm, D, F – 0.1 mm; E – 20 µm; G – 0.05 mm; H – 0.01 mm.

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Fig. 1 in New records of digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda)

Fig. 1. Light microscope projection drawings of digeneans from Clarias gariepinus in the Okavango Delta: (A) Clinostomoides brieni Dollfus, 1950; (B) Neodiplostomum Railliet, 1919 type 1 metacercaria; (C) Phyllodistomum bavuri Boomker, 1984; (D) Phyllodistomum vanderwaali Prudhoe & Hussey, 1977; (E) Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899; (F) Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. Scale bars: A, C – 1 mm; D – 0.3 mm; B, E – 0.1 mm; F – 0.2 mm.

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Fig. 4 in New records of digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda)

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. collected from Clarias gariepinus in the Okavango Delta: (A) whole mount; (B) pharynx; (C) anterior and posterior testes; (D) seminal vesicle; (E) genital opening; (F) ovary and seminal receptacle; (G) vitellaria and uterus filled with eggs; (H) excretory bladder. Scale bars: A – 1 mm; B, C, E, F, H – 0.1 mm; D, G – 0.05 mm.

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Fig. 5 in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – apical view of cephalic region; B – vulva; C – conical tail end; D – conical tail. Abbrevations: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L – labium; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabium.

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Fig. 4 in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?

Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening. Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens.