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182 results for “Combined analyses”
Fig. 19 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling
Fig. 19. All equally mostparsimonious resolutions of the basal didelphine polytomy in figures 18 and 21. A, Resolution supported by 72 mostparsimonious trees (MPTs) from the IRBP1 analysis and 6 MPTs from the IRBP2 analysis; B, resolution supported by 72 MPTs from the IRBP1 analysis and 6 MPTs from the IRBP2 analysis; C, resolution supported by 36 MPTs from the IRBP1 analysis and 3 MPTs from the IRBP2 analysis; D, resolution supported by 36 MPTs from the IRBP1 analysis, 6 MPTs from the IRBP2 analysis, and 8 MPTs from the combined analysis; E, resolution supported by 36 MPTs from the IRBP1 analysis, 6 MPTs from the IRBP2 analysis, and 8 MPTs from the combined analysis; F, resolution supported by 18 MPTs from the combined analysis only.
Fig. 13 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling
Fig. 13. Anterolingual views of left M3 illustrating taxonomic differences in cingular morphology. Left, Marmosa murina (AMNH 272870) with preprotocrista and anterolabial cingulum joined to form a continuous shelf along the anterior margin of the tooth crown. Right, Monodelphis adusta (AMNH 272781) with separate crista and cingulum (no continuous shelf).
Data for: Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy
<p><span>Understanding how species respond to human activities is paramount to ecology and conservation science, one outstanding question being how large-scale patterns in land use affect biodiversity. To facilitate answering this question, we propose a novel analytical framework that combines Environmental Niche Models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits. We illustrate the framework capitalizing on the most extensive dataset compiled to date for the butterflies of Italy (106,514 observations for 288 species), assessing how agriculture and urbanization have affected biodiversity of these taxa from landscape to regional scales (3–48 km grains) across the country while accounting for its steep climatic gradients.</span></p> <p><span>Multiple lines of evidence suggest pervasive and scale-dependent effects of land use on butterflies in Italy. While land use explained patterns in species richness primarily at grains ≤ 12 km, idiosyncratic responses in species highlighted "winners" and "losers" across human-dominated regions. Detrimental effects of agriculture and urbanization emerged from landscape (3-km grain) to regional (48-km grain) scales, disproportionally affecting small butterflies and butterflies with a short flight curve. Human activities have therefore reorganized the biogeography of Italian butterflies, filtering out species with poor dispersal capacity and narrow niche breadth not only from local assemblages but also from regional species pools. </span></p> <p><span>These results suggest that global conservation efforts neglecting large-scale patterns in land use risk falling short of their goals, even for taxa typically assumed to persist in small natural areas (e.g., invertebrates). Our study also confirms that consideration of spatial scales will be crucial to implementing effective conservation actions in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. In this context, applications of the proposed analytical framework have broad potential to identify which mechanisms underlie biodiversity change at different spatial scales. </span></p> <p><span><em>Funding statement: </em>FR is supported by the PROBAE project "Protect butterflies across Europe through climate refugia" funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowship, reintegration panel (Grant agreement ID: 101024579). Open Access Funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.</span></p>
Data for: Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy
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Supplementary material for paper "A fresh look at the celery collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls through a combination of biochemical, histochemical, and transcriptomic analyses"
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Combining GWAS and population genomic analyses to characterize coevolution in a legume-rhizobia symbiosis
<p>The mutualism between legumes and rhizobia is clearly the product of past coevolution. However, the nature of ongoing evolution between these partners is less clear. To characterize the nature of recent coevolution between legumes and rhizobia, we used population genomic analysis to characterize selection on functionally annotated symbiosis genes as well as on symbiosis gene candidates identified through a two-species association analysis. For the association analysis, we inoculated each of 202 accessions of the legume host <em>Medicago truncatula</em> with a community of 88 <em>Ensifer meliloti</em> strains. Multi-strain inoculation, which better reflects the ecological reality of rhizobial selection in nature than single-strain inoculation, allows strains to compete for nodulation opportunities and host resources and for hosts to preferentially form nodules and provide resources to some strains. We found extensive host by symbiont, <em>i.e.</em>, genotype-by-genotype, effects on rhizobia fitness and some annotated rhizobia genes bear signatures of recent positive selection. However, neither genes responsible for this variation nor annotated host symbiosis genes are enriched for signatures of either positive or balancing selection. This result suggests that stabilizing selection dominates selection acting on symbiotic traits and that variation in these traits is under mutation-selection balance. Consistent with the lack of positive selection acting on host genes, we found that among-host variation in growth was similar whether plants were grown with rhizobia or N-fertilizer, suggesting that the symbiosis may not be a major driver of variation in plant growth in multi-strain contexts.</p>
Data from: Combining niche-shift and population genetic analyses predicts rapid phenotypic evolution during invasion
Rapid evolution of non-native species can facilitate invasion success, but recent reviews indicate that such microevolution rarely yields expansion of the climatic niche in the introduced habitats. However, because some invasions originate from a geographically restricted portion of the native species range and its climatic niche, it is possible that the frequency, direction and magnitude of phenotypic evolution during invasion has been underestimated. We explored the utility of niche-shift analyses in the red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla, which expanded from the northeastern coastline of Japan to North America, Europe and northwestern Africa within the last 100 years. A genetically-informed climatic niche shift analysis indicates that native source populations occur in colder and highly seasonal habitats, while most non-native populations typically occur in warmer, less seasonal habitats. This climatic niche expansion predicts that non-native populations evolved greater tolerance for elevated heat conditions relative to native source populations. We assayed 935 field-collected and 325 common-garden thalli from 40 locations and as predicted, non-native populations had greater tolerance for ecologically-relevant extreme heat (40ºC) than did Japanese source populations. Non-native populations also had greater tolerance for cold and low-salinity stresses relative to source populations. The importance of local adaptation to warm temperatures during invasion was reinforced by evolution of parallel clines: populations from warmer, lower-latitude estuaries had greater heat tolerance than did populations from colder, higher-latitude estuaries in both Japan and eastern North America. We conclude that rapid evolution plays an important role in facilitating the invasion success of this and perhaps other non-native marine species. Genetically-informed ecological niche analyses readily generate clear predictions of phenotypic shifts during invasions, and may help to resolve debate over the frequency of niche conservatism versus rapid adaptation during invasion.
Combined genotype and phenotype analyses reveal patterns of genomic adaptation to local environments in the subtropical oak Quercus acutissima
Understanding the effects of the demographic dynamics and environmental heterogeneity on the genomic variation of forest species is important not only for uncovering the evolutionary history of the species but also for predicting their ability to adapt to climate change. In this study, we combined a common garden experiment with range-wide population genomics analyses to infer the demographic history and characterize patterns of local adaptation in a subtropical oak species, Quercus acutissima. We scanned about 8% of the oak genome using a balanced representation of both genic and non-genic regions and identified a total of 55,361 SNPs in 167 trees. Genomic diversity analyses revealed an east-west split in the species distribution range. Coalescent-based model simulations inferred a late Pleistocene divergence in Q. acutissima between the east and west groups as well as subsequent pre-glaciation population expansion events. Consistent with observed genetic differentiation, morphological traits also showed east-west differentiation and the biomass allocation in seedlings was significantly associated with precipitation. Environment was found to have a significant and stronger impact on the non-neutral than the neutral SNPs, and also significantly associated with the phenotypic differentiation, suggesting that apart from the geography, environment had played a role in determining non-neutral and phenotypic variation. Our approach, which combined a common garden experiment with landscape genomics data, validated the hypothesis of local adaptation of this long-lived oak tree of subtropical China. Our study joins the small number of studies that have combined genotypic and phenotypic data to detect patterns of local adaptation.
Fig. 23 in Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling
Fig. 23. Skull of Tlacuatzin canescens, a composite drawing based on USNM 125659 and 511261.
An invasive appetite: Combining molecular and stable isotope analyses to reveal the diet of introduced house mice (Mus musculus) on a small, subtropical island
<p>House mice (<em>Mus musculus</em>) pose a conservation threat on islands, where they adversely affect native species' distributions, densities, and persistence. On Sand Island of Kuaihelani, mice recently began to depredate nesting adult mōlī (Laysan Albatross, <em>Phoebastria immutabilis</em>). Efforts are underway to eradicate mice from Sand Island, but knowledge of mouse diet is needed to predict ecosystem response and recovery following mouse removal. We used next-generation sequencing to identify what mice eat on Sand Island, followed by stable isotope analysis to estimate the proportions contributed by taxa to mouse diet. We collected paired fecal and hair samples from 318 mice between April 2018 to May 2019; mice were trapped approximately every eight weeks among four distinct habitat types to provide insight into temporal and spatial variation. Sand Island's mice mainly consume arthropods, with nearly equal (but substantially smaller) contributions of C<sub>3 </sub>plants, C<sub>4</sub> plants, and mōlī. Although seabird tissue is a small portion of mouse diet, mice consume many detrital-feeding arthropods in and around seabird carcasses, such as isopods, flesh flies, ants, and cockroaches. Additionally, most arthropods and plants eaten by mice are non-native. Mouse diet composition differs among habitat types but changes minimally throughout the year, indicating that mice are not necessarily limited by food source availability or accessibility. Eradication of house mice may benefit seabirds on Sand Island, but it is unclear how arthropod and plant communities may respond and change. Non-native and invasive arthropods and plants previously consumed (and possibly suppressed) by mice may be released post-eradication, which could prevent recovery of native taxa. Comprehensive knowledge of target species' diet is a critical component of eradication planning. Dietary information should be used both to identify and to monitor which taxa may respond most strongly to invasive species removal and to assess if proactive, pre-eradication management activities are warranted.</p>
Data from: Combining niche-shift and population genetic analyses predicts rapid phenotypic evolution during invasion
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Data from: Dietary adaptations and paleoecology of Lophialetidae (Mammalia: Tapiroidea) from the Eocene of the Erlian Basin, China: Combined evidence from mesowear and stable isotope analyses
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Combined genotype and phenotype analyses reveal patterns of genomic adaptation to local environments in the subtropical oak Quercus acutissima
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An invasive appetite: Combining molecular and stable isotope analyses to reveal the diet of introduced house mice (Mus musculus) on a small, subtropical island
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Data from: Inferring long-distance movements of insects using combined hydrogen isotope and genetic analyses: A case study of the African edible bush-cricket
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Combining GWAS and population genomic analyses to characterize coevolution in a legume-rhizobia symbiosis
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Phylogenomic analyses of Blattodea combining traditional methods, incremental tree-building, and quality-aware support
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Combining genomic and field analyses to reveal migratory status in a burrowing owl population
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Combined-evidence analyses of ultraconserved elements and morphological data: an empirical example in iguanian lizards
<p>Genomic datasets generated by next-generation sequencing are increasingly prevalent in phylogenetics, but morphological data are required to phylogenetically place fossils, corroborate molecular hypotheses, and date phylogenies. Combined-evidence analyses provide an integrative assessment of tree topology. However, no attempt has been made to simultaneously analyze next-generation genomic datasets and morphological data, and the future of morphology in the context of genomic data is uncertain. I conducted combined-evidence analyses that include genomic and morphological datasets, specifically, with ultraconserved elements and two morphological matrices. In unweighted maximum likelihood and Bayesian combined-evidence analyses, morphological signal was dwarfed by the ultraconserved elements, and some node support values were reduced relative to ultraconserved element-only analyses. Increasing the weight of morphological characters allowed those data to influence the tree, but weighting subjectivity should be considered in future analyses. More attempts should be made to simultaneously analyze genomic and morphological datasets.</p>
Data from: Niche divergence versus neutral processes: combined environmental and genetic analyses identify contrasting patterns of differentiation in recently diverged pine species
Background and Aims: Solving relationships of recently diverged taxa, poses a challenge due to shared polymorphism and weak reproductive barriers. Multiple lines of evidence are needed to identify independently evolving lineages. This is especially true of long-lived species with large effective population sizes, and slow rates of lineage sorting. North American pines are an interesting group to test this multiple approach. Our aim is to combine cytoplasmic genetic markers with environmental information to clarify species boundaries and relationships of the species complex of Pinus flexilis, Pinus ayacahuite, and Pinus strobiformis. Methods: Mitochondrial and chloroplast sequences were combined with previously obtained microsatellite data and contrasted with environmental information to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the species complex. Ecological niche models were compared to test if ecological divergence is significant among species. Key Results and Conclusion: Separately, both genetic and ecological evidence support a clear differentiation of all three species but with different topology, but also reveal an ancestral contact zone between P. strobiformis and P. ayacahuite. The marked ecological differentiation of P. flexilis suggests that ecological speciation has occurred in this lineage, but this is not reflected in neutral markers. The inclusion of environmental traits in phylogenetic reconstruction improved the resolution of internal branches. We suggest that combining environmental and genetic information would be useful for species delimitation and phylogenetic studies in other recently diverged species complexes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.