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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2013View details →

Fig. 3 in A revision of mountain species of the genus Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. (Compositae) in Corsica

Fig. 3. – Holotype of Taraxacum pomposum Štepánek & Kirschner. [Briquet & al. s.n., G-BU]

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Dubautia haupuensis, a new species of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae--Madiinae) from Hā'upu, Kaua'i

Dubautia haupuensis B.G.Baldwin & K.R.Wood is newly described from windswept ridgelines near the summit of Hāʻupu, Kauaʻi, in the Hawaiian Islands, where only two clusters of plants are currently known. Based on molecular phylogenetic data, this highly endangered shrub of the Hawaiian silversword alliance belongs to a recently resolved clade of endemic Kauaʻi taxa, mostly from wet or bog habitats, including D. imbricata subsp. acronaea, D. imbricata subsp. imbricata, D. kalalauensis, D. kenwoodii, D. laevigata, D. syndetica, and D. waialealae. Unlike its close relatives and other members of Dubautia, D. haupuensis has the following unique combination of morphological characteristics: well-branched shrubs with leaves opposite, sessile, and glabrous, leaf venation ± parallelodromous, with 5 to 9 basal nerves, capitulescences densely corymbiform to paniculiform, peduncles hirsute, peduncular bracts lance-linear to ovate, with faces glabrous and margins ciliate, heads 7 to 12-flowered, paleate throughout, the paleae each partially clasping a floret, with faces glabrous and distal margins ciliate, corolla tube/throat sessile-glandular, the throat dilated ≤ 2' tube width, and pappus ± equaling corolla, of 20 to 31 setiform to narrowly subulate, densely ciliate scales, the cilia < 0.5 mm long. It also is distinguished from all other taxa of the silversword alliance by diagnostic nuclear ribosomal DNA nucleotide states. Six of the seven taxa that constitute a clade with D. haupuensis have highly restricted distributions on Kauaʻi and are of significant conservation concern, as reflected by listing most of them as Endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Dubautia haupuensis is also exceedingly rare and in need of immediate conservation action to prevent its extinction. Invasive plants (especially melastomes), potential ungulate activity, lack of opportunity for outcrossing, and any mortality from stochastic events are major threats to the species, in addition to possible impacts of anthropogenic climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Fig. 3 in On the genus Dendrophorbium (Compositae) in Ecuador: a new species and identification key

Fig. 3. – Distribution map of Dendrophorbium frezierifolium J. Calvo & Á.J. Pérez.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in On the genus Dendrophorbium (Compositae) in Ecuador: a new species and identification key

Fig. 1. – Holotype of Dendrophorbium frezierifolium J. Calvo & Á.J. Pérez at QCA.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Data from: Phylogenomic loci define the generic boundaries of Gochnatieae and improve resolution at the species level in Moquiniastrum (Compositae)

Understanding the evolution of the tribe Gochnatieae (Compositae) has been the subject of considerable effort in the past decade. This is due to the key position of this tribe in the phylogeny of the sunflower family and the corresponding implications for biogeographic and morphological evolution of Compositae. Previous studies have confirmed the monophyly of this tribe as well as most of the genera that belong to it. However, phylogenetic resolution of Gochnatieae at both the genus- and species-level has remained poor. A subset of new phylogenomic loci used in this study has proven effective and has improved phylogenetic resolution in this group. The results of this work demonstrate Gochnatieae is a well-supported clade comprised of nine genera (Anastraphia, Cnicothamnus, Cyclolepis, Gochnatia, Moquiniastrum, Nahuatlea, Pentaphorus, Richterago, Tehuasca). One recently described genus, Vickia, was not included in this study; but its placement in Gochnatieae as a tenth genus in the tribe is well-justified. The monospecific Cyclolepis, which had been circumscribed within the tribe since its inception but was subsequently removed and designated as incertae sedis since 2014, is also shown to belong to Gochnatieae. We confirmed the monophyletic Moquiniastrum with two well-supported subclades. Ancestral area reconstruction analyses show that Gochnatieae originated in Eastern South America about 53 my. Apparently, except for Cyclolepis and Richterago, the ancestors of the other genera of Gochnatieae originated about 44 my from an area that now corresponds to the central Andes. The presence of the genera in the Chaco phytogeographic province, central Chile, and Mexico-United States-Caribbean is a result of dispersal from the central Andes. The ancestral distribution of Moquiniastrum corresponds to a large area comprising Eastern South America and the current central Andes, about 32 my. Ancestral character state reconstruction that included four characters indicates several states associated with complex plant reproductive biology such as gynodioecy, gynomonoecy, and polygamodioecy are derived in Gochnatieae as are heterogamous capitula (in Moquiniastrum and Richterago), dimorphic and subdimorphic corollas (in Cnicothamnus, Moquiniastrum, and Richterago), and the presence of marginal female corollas (in Moquiniastrum and Richterago). Within Moquiniastrum, two subclades (Densicephalum and Polymorphum) exhibit divergent patterns of trait evolution associated with these reproductive characters which suggests this genus can serve as a model to understand the sexual system evolution in plants.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Saussurea albifolia M. J. Nam & H. T. Im (Compositae), a new species from the Baekdudaegan Area, Korea

Fig. 3. Distribution of Saussurea albifolia M. J. Nam et H. T. Im. in the Baekdudaegan Area.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

FIG. 3 in Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion

FIG. 3. — Lectotype of Senecio neoalleizettei Humbert, Humbert 18479 (P00557630).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

FIG. 1 in Synopsis of Humbertacalia (Compositae), a genus endemic to Madagascar and Réunion

FIG. 1. — Lectotype of Senecio exsertus var. abbreviatus Humbert, Decary 5226 (P00835897).

publicJul 2024View details →

Data from: Phylogenomic loci define the generic boundaries of Gochnatieae and improve resolution at the species level in Moquiniastrum (Compositae)

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publicMay 2024View details →

Dubautia haupuensis, a new species of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae--Madiinae) from Hā'upu, Kaua'i

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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: 'Fix me another marguerite!': species delimitation in a group of intensively hybridising lineages of ox-eye daisies (Leucanthemum Mill., Compositae-Anthemideae)

Delineating species boundaries in the framework of the multi-species coalescent (MSC) proves to be a reliable, objective, and reproducible method in an increasing number of studies. However, the underlying model assumes the lack of gene flow after speciation; an assumption which may be frequently violated in plant evolution. The present study evaluates the robustness of currently available species delimitation methods implemented in BEAST (BFD, BFD, and DISSECT) in the closely-knit ox-eye daisy group around Leucanthemum ageratifolium Pau. Comprising five taxa being allopatrically distributed between northern Spain and southern Italy this study group shows signs of hybridisation with the widespread and co-distributed species Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.) Lam. to various extent. As expected, our empirical analyses based on both AFLP fingerprinting and sequence data demonstrate that the robustness of species delimitation results is considerably influenced by the intensity of hybridisation among species and the number of hybrid individuals included. Therefore, we set up a methodological pipeline with a first step of identification and subsequent removal of individuals showing admixed genetic patterns caused by actual interbreeding using AFLP-fingerprint and morphometric data, followed by application of different Bayesian MSC species delimitation methods based on the remnant individuals using both AFLP-fingerprint and sequence data (four nuclear markers, five concatenated intergenic spacer regions of the plastid genome). The results argue for acknowledgement of Leucanthemum laciniatum, L. legraeanum, and L. ligusticum as independent species, show the close relationship of L. ageratifolium, L. monspeliense, and L. vulgare, and give rise to the description of three nothospecies new to science.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Genomics of Compositae crops: reference transcriptome assemblies, and evidence of hybridization with wild relatives

Although the Compositae harbours only two major food crops, sunflower and lettuce, many other species in this family are utilized by humans and have experienced various levels of domestication. Here we have used next generation sequencing technology to develop 15 reference transcriptome assemblies for Compositae crops or their wild relatives. These data allow us to gain insight into the evolutionary and genomic consequences of plant domestication. Specifically, we performed Illumina sequencing of Cichorium endivia, Cichorium intybus, Echinacea angustifolia, Iva annua, Helianthus tuberosus, Dahlia hybrida, Leontodon taraxacoides and Glebionis segetum, as well 454 sequencing of Guizotia scabra, Stevia rebaudiana, Parthenium argentatum and Smallanthus sonchifolius. Illumina reads were assembled using Trinity, and 454 reads were assembled using MIRA and CAP3. We evaluated the coverage of the transcriptomes using BLASTX analysis of a set of ultra-conserved orthologs (UCOs) and recovered most of these genes (88-98%). We found a correlation between contig length and read length for the 454 assemblies, and greater contig lengths for the 454 compared to the Illumina assemblies. This suggests that longer reads can aid in the assembly of more complete transcripts. Finally, we compared the divergence of orthologs at synonymous sites (Ks) between Compositae crops and their wild relatives and found greater divergence when the progenitors were self-incompatible. We also found greater divergence between pairs of taxa that had some evidence of post-zygotic isolation. For several more distantly related congeners, such as chicory and endive, we identified a signature of introgression in the distribution of Ks values.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: The accumulation of deleterious mutations as a consequence of domestication and improvement in sunflowers and other Compositae crops

For populations to maintain optimal fitness, harmful mutations must be efficiently purged from the genome. Yet, under circumstances that diminish the effectiveness of natural selection, such as the process of plant and animal domestication, deleterious mutations are predicted to accumulate. Here, we compared the load of deleterious mutations in 21 accessions from natural populations and 19 domesticated accessions of the common sunflower using whole-transcriptome single nucleotide polymorphism data. Although we find that genetic diversity has been greatly reduced during domestication, the remaining mutations were disproportionally biased toward nonsynonymous substitutions. Bioinformatically predicted deleterious mutations affecting protein function were especially strongly over-represented. We also identify similar patterns in two other domesticated species of the sunflower family (globe artichoke and cardoon), indicating that this phenomenon is not due to idiosyncrasies of sunflower domestication or the sunflower genome. Finally, we provide unequivocal evidence that deleterious mutations accumulate in low recombining regions of the genome, due to the reduced efficacy of purifying selection. These results represent a conundrum for crop improvement efforts. Although the elimination of harmful mutations should be a long-term goal of plant and animal breeding programs, it will be difficult to weed them out because of limited recombination.

opencc-zeroDec 2010View details →

Data from: Genomics of Compositae weeds: EST libraries, microarrays, and evidence of introgression

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Weeds cause considerable environmental and economic damage. However, genomic characterization of weeds has lagged behind that of model plants and crop species. Here we report on the development of genomic tools and resources for 11 weeds from the Compositae family that will serve as a basis for subsequent population and comparative genomic analyses. Because hybridization has been suggested as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness, we also analyze these genomic data for evidence of hybridization. METHODS: We generated 22 expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries for the 11 targeted weeds using Sanger, 454, and Illumina sequencing, compared the coverage and quality of sequence assemblies, and developed NimbleGen microarrays for expression analyses in five taxa. Where possible, we also compared the distributions of Ks values between orthologs of congeneric taxa to detect and quantify hybridization and introgression. RESULTS: Gene discovery was enhanced by sequencing from multiple tissues, normalization of cDNA libraries, and especially greater sequencing depth. However, assemblies from short sequence reads sometimes failed to resolve close paralogs. Substantial introgression was detected in Centaurea and Helianthus, but not in Ambrosia and Lactuca. CONCLUSIONS: Transcriptome sequencing using next generation platforms has greatly reduced the cost of genomic studies of non-model organisms, and the ESTs and microarrays reported here will accelerate evolutionary and molecular investigations of Compositae weeds. Our study also shows how ortholog comparisons can be used to quantify the genome-wide extent of introgression and to identify genes that have been exchanged between hybridizing taxa.

FIGURE 4 in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) associated with Compositae in Iran

FIGURE 4. Schematic drawings of the prodorsal shields of other Aceria species found on Compositae in Iran: A. Aceria cichorii (original drawing); B. Aceria acroptiloni protogyne (redrawn from Kovalev et al. 1974); C. Aceria acroptiloni deutogyne (redrawn from Kovalev et al. 1974); D. Aceria chondrillae (redrawn from Keifer et al. 1982); E. Aceria cousiniae (redrawn from Kamali & Amrine 2005); F. Aceria anthocoptes deutogyne (original drawing); G. Aceria pulicaris (redrawn from Xue et al. 2011); H. Aceria scariolae (redrawn from Kamali & Amrine 2005); I. Aceria acroptiloni protogyne (drawn from Fig. 1C by Xue et al. 2011); J. Aceria anthocoptes protogyne (original drawing); K. Aceria lactucae (redrawn from Nalepa 1904); L. Aceria tragopogonis (redrawn from Xue et al. 2012).

FIGURE 2 in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) associated with Compositae in Iran

FIGURE 2. Schematic drawings of Aceria virgatae n. sp. AD. Prodorsal shield; AL. Lateral view of anterior body region; CG. Female coxigenital region; em. Empodium; IG. Internal female genitalia; LO. Lateral view of annuli; L1. Leg I; PM. Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma. Scale bar: 10 μm for AD, AL, CG, IG, PM; 5 μm for LO, L1; 2.5 μm for em.

FIGURE 3 in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) associated with Compositae in Iran

FIGURE 3. Schematic drawings of Aceria xeranthemis n. sp. AD. Prodorsal shield; AL. Lateral view of anterior body region; CG. Female coxigenital region; em. Empodium; IG. Internal female genitalia; LO. Lateral view of annuli; L1. Leg I; PM. Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma. Scale bar: 10 μm for AD, AL, CG, IG, PM; 5 μm for LO, L1; 2.5 μm for em.

FIGURE 1 in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) associated with Compositae in Iran

FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings of Aculops centaureae (Farkas 1960) AD. Prodorsal shield; AL. Lateral view of anterior body region; CG. Female coxigenital region; em. Empodium; IG. Internal female genitalia; LO. Lateral view of annuli; L1. Leg I; PM. Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma. Scale bar: 10 μm for AD, AL, CG, IG, PM; 5 μm for LO, L1; 2.5 μm for em.