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45 results for “Coprolite”
Figure 3 in Exceptionally preserved beetles in a Triassic coprolite of putative dinosauriform origin
Figure 3. Phylogenetic position and morphology of Triamyxa coprolithica (Aand B) Results of Bayesian analysis of Coleoptera dataset, with fossil position in Polyphaga excluded following the prothorax morphology: (A) complete beetle tree with color-coded posterior probabilities (PPs) of Triamyxa position; (B) maximum credibility tree with Polyphaga not shown. (C–E) Reconstruction of Triamyxa morphology: (C) dorsal view; (D) ventral view of a specimen with 5-segmented abdomen; (E) specimen with exposed 6th abdominal ventrite (see Figure 4 for comparison of all specimens). (F–H) Alternative positions of Triamyxa revealed by Myxophaga analyses: (F) Bayesian, molecular topology constrained; (G) maximum parsimony, molecular topology constrained; (H) maximum parsimony, topology unconstrained. (I–Q) Comparative morphology of the prothorax in ventral view: (I) Olibrus; (J) Acrotrichis; (K) Scaphidium; (L) Nebria; (M) Beutelius; (N) Lepicerus; (O) Satonius; (P) Sphaerius; (Q) Hydroscapha. (R–T) Prothoracic morphology of Triamyxa revealed by superimposition of disarticulated remains: (R) isolated pronotum; (S) isolated pronotum with superimposed prosternum from another specimen; (T) final reconstruction with the position of propleuron. See also Figures S2 and S3.
Text-fig. 2. A – First small excavation trench in the newly discovered fossiliferous outcrop area of the Ploužnice lake horizon, locality "Small Ravine" south of the village Ploužnice on the slope of road No. 286. Typical are the red, violet and varicoloured tuffaceous siltstones. Semily Formation, Late Stephanian, Krkonoše Piedmont Basin. B – Basal part of fossiliferous 12 cm to14 cm thick reddish to purple-red tuffaceous siltstone bed from the trench in Text-fig. 2A. Internal bedding is expressed as horizontal but with diffuse changes in grain size from fine silt to coarse, fine sandy silt. Intercalated in places are 3 to 5 mm thick layers (indicated by arrows) with patchy concentrations of isolated fish remains, especially in the first 3 centimetres of this siltstone layer. The large white spot at 2.5 cm is a coprolite fragment. in Fossil Fauna And Flora Of A Re-Discovered Locality In The Late Carboniferous Ploužnice Horizon Of The Krkonoše Piedmont Basin, Bohemian Massif
Text-fig. 2. A – First small excavation trench in the newly discovered fossiliferous outcrop area of the Ploužnice lake horizon, locality "Small Ravine" south of the village Ploužnice on the slope of road No. 286. Typical are the red, violet and varicoloured tuffaceous siltstones. Semily Formation, Late Stephanian, Krkonoše Piedmont Basin. B – Basal part of fossiliferous 12 cm to14 cm thick reddish to purple-red tuffaceous siltstone bed from the trench in Text-fig. 2A. Internal bedding is expressed as horizontal but with diffuse changes in grain size from fine silt to coarse, fine sandy silt. Intercalated in places are 3 to 5 mm thick layers (indicated by arrows) with patchy concentrations of isolated fish remains, especially in the first 3 centimetres of this siltstone layer. The large white spot at 2.5 cm is a coprolite fragment.
Text-fig. 53. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a coprolite containing several kinds of pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Detail of the coprolite that yielded the tricolpate pollen in this Text-figure showing several different kinds of pollen grains; b–d) Tricolpate pollen grains in polar (b) and equatorial (c, d) views showing colpi, coarsely granular aperture membrane and foveolate tectum. Specimen, TV44-S137906-03 (holotype; a–d). Scale bars 30 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 53. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a coprolite containing several kinds of pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Detail of the coprolite that yielded the tricolpate pollen in this Text-figure showing several different kinds of pollen grains; b–d) Tricolpate pollen grains in polar (b) and equatorial (c, d) views showing colpi, coarsely granular aperture membrane and foveolate tectum. Specimen, TV44-S137906-03 (holotype; a–d). Scale bars 30 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d).
Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen from a coprolite; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Coprolite that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure as well as several other kinds of pollen; b) Reticulum of pollen grain showing the tall, sharp muri and obconical columellae; c–e) Grains of Goczania inaequalis sp. nov. intermixed with pollen grains that have a coarse, loosely attached reticulum with tall, sharp muri and sparse columellae; note the weak transverse striations on the muri and that the reticulum is much larger than the main body of the grain that it encloses. Specimen, TV44-S148023. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (c–e), 3 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen from a coprolite; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Coprolite that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure as well as several other kinds of pollen; b) Reticulum of pollen grain showing the tall, sharp muri and obconical columellae; c–e) Grains of Goczania inaequalis sp. nov. intermixed with pollen grains that have a coarse, loosely attached reticulum with tall, sharp muri and sparse columellae; note the weak transverse striations on the muri and that the reticulum is much larger than the main body of the grain that it encloses. Specimen, TV44-S148023. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (c–e), 3 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 42. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Piercipollis sp. 1 (a–c) from an isolated anther and Piercipollis sp. 2 (d–f) from a coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Narrow elongate anther that yielded the pollen in (b) and (c); b) Distal view of pollen grain showing well-developed reticulum that is only loosely attached to the foot layer; note the smooth foot layer (arrowhead) of a grain from which the reticulum has become detached; c) Reticulum showing the smooth muri and long columellae that are mostly detached from the foot layer; d–f) Pollen grains in distal (d, e), and lateral views (f) showing the very long colpus and the well-developed reticulum only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the main body of the grains (foot layer) does not fill out the whole space of the reticulum (f). Specimens, TV44-S148218 (a–c), TV142-S170216 (d–f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d–f), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 42. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Piercipollis sp. 1 (a–c) from an isolated anther and Piercipollis sp. 2 (d–f) from a coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Narrow elongate anther that yielded the pollen in (b) and (c); b) Distal view of pollen grain showing well-developed reticulum that is only loosely attached to the foot layer; note the smooth foot layer (arrowhead) of a grain from which the reticulum has become detached; c) Reticulum showing the smooth muri and long columellae that are mostly detached from the foot layer; d–f) Pollen grains in distal (d, e), and lateral views (f) showing the very long colpus and the well-developed reticulum only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the main body of the grains (foot layer) does not fill out the whole space of the reticulum (f). Specimens, TV44-S148218 (a–c), TV142-S170216 (d–f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d–f), 3 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 56. Number of specimens and number of species for the four major plant groups recovered in the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora. Unidentified specimens such as seed fragments, stamen fragments without pollen grains, coprolites without recognizable plant fragments and strongly distorted specimens are not included in this overview. in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 56. Number of specimens and number of species for the four major plant groups recovered in the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora. Unidentified specimens such as seed fragments, stamen fragments without pollen grains, coprolites without recognizable plant fragments and strongly distorted specimens are not included in this overview.
Text-fig. 55. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen fragments and pollen of Ibrahimia verminculata (a–h) and unnamed pantoporate pollen from pollen clump (i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (b–f); b–f) Pantoporate pollen grains with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate and pores with verrucate aperture membranes; g) Stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (h); h) Abraded pantoporate pollen with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate; i) Pantoporate pollen from coprolite with microreticulate-foveolate tectum and verrucate aperture membranes. Specimens, TV44-S148019 (holotype; a–f), TV44- S136782 (g, h), TV142-S170216 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, g), 15 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e, h, i), 1.5 Μm (c, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 55. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen fragments and pollen of Ibrahimia verminculata (a–h) and unnamed pantoporate pollen from pollen clump (i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (b–f); b–f) Pantoporate pollen grains with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate and pores with verrucate aperture membranes; g) Stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in (h); h) Abraded pantoporate pollen with vermiculate tectum and regularly spaced microechinate; i) Pantoporate pollen from coprolite with microreticulate-foveolate tectum and verrucate aperture membranes. Specimens, TV44-S148019 (holotype; a–f), TV44- S136782 (g, h), TV142-S170216 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, g), 15 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e, h, i), 1.5 Μm (c, f).
Text-fig. 33. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tectate-punctate pollen from probable coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Monocolpate pollen grains in distal view (a, b) showing poorly defined aperture and punctate surface of the tectum (c) of the grain in (b); d) Pollen grain showing slightly rugulate surface of tectum; aperture not visible. Specimens, TV44-S137906-06 (a–c), TV44-S137906-08 (d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, b, d), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 33. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tectate-punctate pollen from probable coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Monocolpate pollen grains in distal view (a, b) showing poorly defined aperture and punctate surface of the tectum (c) of the grain in (b); d) Pollen grain showing slightly rugulate surface of tectum; aperture not visible. Specimens, TV44-S137906-06 (a–c), TV44-S137906-08 (d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, b, d), 3 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d).
Avizo reconstruction of Bone-cracking Borophagus coprolite lacm:vp:158715
<p>Borophagine canids have long been hypothesized to be North American ecological ‘avatars’ of living hyenas in Africa and Asia, but direct fossil evidence of hyena-like bone consumption is hitherto unknown. We report rare coprolites (fossilized feces) of Borophagus parvus from the late Miocene of California and, for the first time, describe unambiguous evidence that these predatory canids ingested large amounts of bone. Surface morphology, micro-CT analyses, and contextual information reveal (1) droppings in concentrations signifying scent-marking behavior, similar to latrines used by living social carnivorans; (2) routine consumption of skeletons; (3) undissolved bones inside coprolites indicating gastrointestinal similarity to modern striped and brown hyenas; (4) B. parvus body weight of ~24 kg, reaching sizes of obligatory large-prey hunters; and (5) prey size ranging ~35–100 kg. This combination of traits suggests that bone-crushing Borophagus potentially hunted in collaborative social groups and occupied a niche no longer present in North American ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 3. Isolated type A coprolites viewed using transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 100 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 3. Isolated type A coprolites viewed using transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 100 µm.
FIGURE 11. Coprolites from Haile 7C in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 11. Coprolites from Haile 7C (right, UF 162527, and top left, UF 162528) and Haile 7G (left middle, UF 310185, and left bottom, UF 310180) attributed to Alligator hailensis. Scale = 2 cm.
FIGURE 3 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 3. SEM images of moderate and large lignite termite coprolites from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation showing their morphology.
FIGURE 5 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 5. Light micrographs (A‒F) and scanning electron micrographs (G‒N) of wood debris macerated from the lignite coprolites collected from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation. A, Wood debris showing a bundle of fibres. B, Wood debris in radial section showing tracheid with separate uniseriate pits. C, Wood debris in radial section showing uniseriate tracheid pits. D, Wood debris in radial section showing tracheid. E, Wood-debris in radial section showing cross-field pits. F, Wood debris of radial section of structureless. G, Wood debris in radial section showing tracheid with uniserial tracheid bordered pits. H‒I, Wood debris in radial section showing cross-field pits with homogenized cell walls. J, Wood debris in radial section showing uniseriate xylem rays. K, Wood debris in radial section showing tracheid with homogenized cell walls. L, Fragmented secondary wood. M, Wood debris of tracheid with homogenized cell walls. N, Wood debris in radial section showing uniseriate xylem rays.
FIGURE 2 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 2. SEM images of small lignite termite coprolites from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation showing their morphology.
FIGURE 4 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 4. Light micrographs (A) and scanning electron micrographs (B) of transversal sections of termite coprolites showing hexagonal to rounded shape.
FIGURE 1 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 1. Locality map showing termite coprolites from the Yilong open-cast coal mine (N45°32′49.1″, E119°35′12.6″) in Huolin Gol, eastern Inner Mongolia, northeastern China (left) and the stratigraphic column of the Huolinhe Basin and the horizon of the lower coal-bearing member in the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation where the fossil were collected (right, revised from Deng, 1995).
FIGURE. Scatter plots (N=200) and linear regression lines of the length and diameter of termite coprolites from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The grey shading represents the 95% confidence interval of linear relationship. Note scatter plots depicting a k-means clustering analysis reveals three groups, indicated by circles of different colours; stars of different colour mean the clusters centroids which are the average length and diameter. in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE. Scatter plots (N=200) and linear regression lines of the length and diameter of termite coprolites from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The grey shading represents the 95% confidence interval of linear relationship. Note scatter plots depicting a k-means clustering analysis reveals three groups, indicated by circles of different colours; stars of different colour mean the clusters centroids which are the average length and diameter.
FIGURE. Taphonomic process corresponding to the abundance of different kinds of plant remains in the three layers of "vegetational Pompeii" tuff bed. Single, double and triple repeated icons in different layers indicate rare, moderate and frequent occurrence respectively. Note that the thickness of the tuff bed is scaled but that of the two coal beds is neglected. in Discovery of coprolites in an Early Permian fern mesophyll
FIGURE. Taphonomic process corresponding to the abundance of different kinds of plant remains in the three layers of "vegetational Pompeii" tuff bed. Single, double and triple repeated icons in different layers indicate rare, moderate and frequent occurrence respectively. Note that the thickness of the tuff bed is scaled but that of the two coal beds is neglected.
FIGURE. Coprolites preserved in an early Permian fern mesophyll. A, Gross morphology of a fragmentary fern frond, specimen PB23532. B, Basal part of a penultimate pinna showing sphenopteroid vegetative pinnules. C, Polished surface showing two sporangia with typical annulus structures (white arrowheads). D, SEM image showing an in situ trilete spore. E, The fertile pinnule which contains numerous coprolites along a transverse wound area. F, Enlargement showing coprolites filled with brown to black contents. G, SEM image of the same part in E. H, SEM image showing locally preserved epidermal cells and nearby coprolites. in Discovery of coprolites in an Early Permian fern mesophyll
FIGURE. Coprolites preserved in an early Permian fern mesophyll. A, Gross morphology of a fragmentary fern frond, specimen PB23532. B, Basal part of a penultimate pinna showing sphenopteroid vegetative pinnules. C, Polished surface showing two sporangia with typical annulus structures (white arrowheads). D, SEM image showing an in situ trilete spore. E, The fertile pinnule which contains numerous coprolites along a transverse wound area. F, Enlargement showing coprolites filled with brown to black contents. G, SEM image of the same part in E. H, SEM image showing locally preserved epidermal cells and nearby coprolites.
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