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Figure 8. IVPP V15726 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 8. IVPP V15726, Stephanocemas sp. from IVPP locality CD0406. A, dorsal, and B, ventral views of antler fragment. Scale is for both views.

Figure 6. IVPP V15724 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 6. IVPP V15724, referred specimen of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. A, dorsal, B, ventral, and C, medial views of posterior palm portion of a juvenile antler.

Figure 7. IVPP V15725 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 7. IVPP V15725, Stephanocemas sp. from IVPP locality CD9818. A, stereophoto of dorsal view, B, lateral view, and C, ventral view of partial antler.

Figure 5. IVPP V15723 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 5. IVPP V15723, referred specimen of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. A, dorsal, and B, ventral views of palm portion of antler.

Figure 4. IVPP V15722 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 4. IVPP V15722, left antler without pedicel, holotype of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. from Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. A, medial, and B, ventral views. Left is posterior and right is anterior.

Figure 3 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 3. Stereophoto of dorsal view of IVPP V15722, left antler without pedicel, holotype of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. from Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. Top is posterior and bottom is anterior.

Figure 2 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 2. Satellite image of the Barun Yawula anticline, with key fossil localities and their relative stratigraphical positions indicated. The east–west trending fold is asymmetrical with the south limb dipping more steeply than the north limb. A prominent resistant bed (a dark–light band combination, indicated by black dashed lines) within the rusty green sandstones layers helps to trace stratigraphical relationships between localities in eastern and western ends of the anticline, although multiple faults (with offsets ranging from 50 to 500 m), particularly those in the eastern end, complicate correlations. White lines are the measured section.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Tree crowns of the north-west corner of the permanent sample area in the Kaluzhskiye Zaseki Nature Reserve

The studies were conducted in the Kaluga Zaseki Nature Reserve on a permanent sample plot (PSP) established in an old-growth broadleaved forest. The stand on the PSP has a complex structure, consisting of several tiers. There are 6 species of broad-leaved trees in the stand: oak (Quercus robur), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), elm (Ulmus glabra), sharp-leaved maple (Acer platanoides), field maple (A. campestre), linden (Tilia cordata) and 2 small-leaved trees - birch (Betula spp.) and aspen (Populus tremula). The oldest oak trees are about 300 years old. The size of the PPP is 440 × 200 m, this work was done on a 40 × 40 m plot located in the northwest corner of the PSP. For tree detection, orthophotomaps were used based on aerial photography materials taken with a DJI Phantom IV Pro quadcopter. Photogrammetric processing was carried out in Agisoft Metashape software (version 1.6.1.10009). The data set contains two fragments of multi-season orthophotos in tif format and corresponding files in shp., dbh. and shx. formats, which contain information on crown boundaries and species of marked trees.

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Pronounced differentiation on the Z chromosome and parts of the autosomes in crowned sparrows contrasts with mitochondrial paraphyly: implications for speciation

When a single species evolves into multiple descendent species, some parts of the genome can play a key role in the evolution of reproductive isolation while other parts flow between the evolving species via interbreeding. Genomic evolution during the speciation process is particularly interesting when major components of the genome—for instance, sex chromosomes vs. autosomes vs. mitochondrial DNA—show widely differing patterns of relationships between three diverging populations. The golden-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) and the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) are phenotypically differentiated sister species that are largely reproductively isolated despite possessing similar mitochondrial genomes, likely due to recent introgression. We assessed variation in more than 45,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine the structure of nuclear genomic differentiation between these species and between two hybridizing subspecies of Z. leucophrys. The two Z. leucophrys subspecies showed moderate levels of relative differentiation and patterns consistent with a history of recurrent selection in both ancestral and daughter populations, with much of the sex chromosome Z and a large region on the autosome 1A showing increased differentiation compared to the rest of the genome. The two species Z. leucophrys and Z. atricapilla show high relative differentiation and strong heterogeneity in the level of differentiation among various chromosomal regions, with a large portion of the sex chromosome (Z) showing highly divergent haplotypes between these species. Studies of speciation often emphasize mitochondrial DNA differentiation, but speciation between Z. atricapilla and Z. leucophrys appears primarily associated with Z chromosome divergence and more moderately associated with autosomal differentiation, whereas mitochondria appear highly similar due apparently to recent introgression. These results add to the growing body of evidence for highly heterogeneous patterns of genomic differentiation during speciation, with some genomic regions showing lack of gene flow between populations many hundreds of thousands of years before other genomic regions.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Porous Organic Polymers with Heterocyclic Crown Ethers for Selective Lithium-Ion Capture

Abstract of the publication: Lithium is a key resource of the 21st century. Despite that, Li is traditionally mined rather than obtained from maritime brines or secondary sources such as spent energy-storage devices owing to the difficulties in Li recovery. Herein, we present a porous organic polymer capable of capturing Li ions from aqueous solutions through highly pre-organized heterocyclic crown ether-like pores in the polymer backbone. These features enable Li+ uptake capacities over 120 mg g-1 and selectivity versus highly competitive ions such as Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Fig. 10. Isolated tooth crown ZPAL V. 69 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland

Fig. 10. Isolated tooth crown ZPAL V. 69/1 ("ZPAL V-KRZ/33") from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, pertaining to an indeterminate vertebrate, incorrectly identified as Machimosaurus sp. by Tyborowski and Błażejowski (2019a).

Fig. 3. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 3. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, AG 16-1430). A. Basidiospores. B. Elements of pileipellis: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. C. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides. D. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges. E. Basidia. Scale bars: A = 2 μm; B–E = 10 μm.

Fig. 5. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 5. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A.Ghosh & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, KD 18-003). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia. C. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides. D. Elements of the pileipellis near the pileus centre: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. E. Elements of the pileipellis near the pileus margin: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. Scale bars: A = 5 μm; B–E = 10 μm.

Fig. 2. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 2. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, AG 16-1430). A–C. Fresh and dissected basidiomata in the field and basecamp. D. Transverse section through pileipellis showing elements. E–H. Transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides and basidia. I. SEM images of basidiospores. Scale bars: D–H = 10 μm; I = 2 μm.

Fig. 1 in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 1. Phylogram generated from rDNA ITS sequences: the evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum likelihood (ML) method in raxmlGUI 2.0. Bootstrap support values (> 70%) obtained from the ML analysis are shown above or below the branches at nodes. Collections of the two novel Indian species described below are shown in bold red font. Secotioid taxa are shown in green font, hypogeous ones are indicated in blue font and blackening species followed by black dots.

Fig. 4. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 4. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A.Ghosh & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, KD 18-003). A–B. Fresh and dissected basidiomata in the field and basecamp. C–D. Transverse section through pileipellis showing elements. E. Transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides. F. Transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges (indicated with white arrow). G. SEM images of basidiospores. Scale bars: C = 100 μm; D–E = 10 μm; F = 50 μm; G = 2 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Phenological time lapse images from crown camera MC122 in Lammi Birch stand

This record contains phenological time lapse images from camera Lammi Birch stand. Camera was mounted at crown view level at location 61.05211; 25.04180(N;E, WGS84). First set of images were taken between 08.05.2015--31.12.2016 (Version 1). Subsequent Versions extend the record with newer images, and the version number indicates the years covered by the record. Cameras were set to fix white balance, brightness automatically adjusted by camera.Image have equal resolution throughout the time series, time indicated in UTC+2. Images are taken half-hourly during fixed day-time period over the year. Gaps in time series and dark images possibly exist. More details on the camera installations and operation history can be found at 10.5281/zenodo.777952 The cameras were set up and images collected under EU Life+ (LIFE ENV/FI/000409) Monimet project, http://monimet.fmi.fi. For further information contact john.loehr@helsinki.fi

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Fig. 5 in Patterns of tooth crown wear in Dryomys nitedula (Mammalia, Rodentia): age-related variation in the light of annual cycle specifics based on museum collections

Fig. 5. Changes in the external appearance of the forest dormouse during the first year of life. The animal was caught in early June 2009 near Luhansk: a — 19 of June, 1–2 weeks old, feeding exclusively with insects, mainly locusts; b — 16 of July, 1+ month of age, active motions, feeding with insects, including locusts, butterflies, and mealworms; c — 18 of August, 2+ months of age, low mobility, willingly feeding with mealworms, also began to consume nuts, honey, and cookies; d — 16 of September, 3+ months of age, low mobility, feeding almost exclusively with nuts, honey and other energy-rich products instead of insects, which became less preferred.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Decomposition, topology, properties, and graphs of woody crown networks of 15 tree species of Cerrado vegetation

Data of decomposition, topology, properties, and the corresponding graphs of 15 adult tree species of Cerrado vegetation, sensu stricto physiognomy. The woody crown networks (WCN) representations in a bidimensional space were obtained by drawing followed the methodology described by Prado et al. (2020, Prado, C.H.B.A., Trovão, D.M.B.M., Souza, J.P., 2020. A network model for determining the woody crown's decomposition, topology, and properties. Journal of Theoretical Biology, v. 499, p. 110318. https://doi.org/<a href="https://www.x-mol.com/paperRedirect/1258515479077781504">10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110318</a>.). The branching regions were the nodes, and the woody crown segments connecting the nodes or merely emerging from them were the connectors. Those trees grew under natural conditions in a most common (sensu stricto) physiognomy of Cerrado vegetation, in a reservoir of 86 ha, located at 850 m above sea level in São Carlos city, São Paulo state, Brazil, at 21°58'- 22°00'S and 47°51'-47°52'W. Following the Köppen climatic classification, this region is between Aw and Cwa, a tropical climate with dry winter and wet summer. The rainy season occurs between October-March, and the dry season between April and September.