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754 results for “DEER”
Figure 5. IVPP V15723 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny
Figure 5. IVPP V15723, referred specimen of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. A, dorsal, and B, ventral views of palm portion of antler.
Figure 4. IVPP V15722 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny
Figure 4. IVPP V15722, left antler without pedicel, holotype of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. from Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. A, medial, and B, ventral views. Left is posterior and right is anterior.
Figure 3 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny
Figure 3. Stereophoto of dorsal view of IVPP V15722, left antler without pedicel, holotype of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. from Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. Top is posterior and bottom is anterior.
Figure 2 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny
Figure 2. Satellite image of the Barun Yawula anticline, with key fossil localities and their relative stratigraphical positions indicated. The east–west trending fold is asymmetrical with the south limb dipping more steeply than the north limb. A prominent resistant bed (a dark–light band combination, indicated by black dashed lines) within the rusty green sandstones layers helps to trace stratigraphical relationships between localities in eastern and western ends of the anticline, although multiple faults (with offsets ranging from 50 to 500 m), particularly those in the eastern end, complicate correlations. White lines are the measured section.
Figure 10 in A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer (Artiodactyla)
Figure 10. Discriminant analysis of adult T. javanicus-like specimens, with corresponding correlation matrix.
Figure 18 in A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer (Artiodactyla)
Figure 18. Sundashelf islands in the South China Sea. Thick solid line indicates the coastline during the last glacial maximum. Dotted lines indicate the main Sundashelf river systems during the last glacial maximum (after Voris, 2000).
Figure 16. The relationship between log10 in A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer (Artiodactyla)
Figure 16. The relationship between log10 island area and body size in T. javanicus (lower regression line) and T. napu (upper regression line).
Data for: Specialist carabids in mixed montane forests are positively associated with biodiversity-oriented forestry and abundance of roe deer
<p>The ongoing transition within forest management towards more biodiversity-oriented practices, such as close-to-nature forestry and retention forestry, may benefit forest fauna such as forest-specialized ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, it remains unclear how forest carabids are jointly affected by these practices in Central European montane forests, which host particularly sensitive, range-restricted carabid species, and where biodiversity-oriented forestry is widely applied. Moreover, roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>), the most common large herbivore in these forests, is intensively managed to reduce browsing pressure, but it is yet unknown how this may affect carabids, alongside the effect of silviculture. On 66 1-ha plots in the Black Forest region of Germany, we sampled carabids with pitfall traps, measured roe deer abundances using camera trapping, and measured several structural variables directly related to close-to-nature and retention practices, as well as variables describing microclimate and landscape-level forest cover. We found that the carabid assemblage was dominated by forest specialists, with little influence from fragmentation of the surrounding forest. Higher broadleaf share (and canopy cover for montane specialists) was correlated with higher carabid activity-density. Increasing stand maturity (and lying deadwood volume for montane specialists), was correlated with higher species richness. Plots with higher roe deer abundances showed higher carabid richness and activity-density. Assemblage composition changed along the altitudinal gradient, and both richness and activity-density increased with elevation. Thus, carabid communities, including montane specialists and several species of conservation interest, stand to benefit from close-to-nature and retention practices, if applied throughout the altitude range of montane forests. Forest carabids may additionally profit from maintaining higher roe deer abundances, but further research is needed to understand this causal link, as well as to weigh the costs and benefits of deer culling for forest biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Insights from a 31-year study demonstrate an inverse correlation between recreational activities and red deer fecundity, with body weight as a mediator
<p>Human activity is omnipresent in our landscapes. Animals can perceive risk from humans similar to predation risk, which could affect their fitness. We assessed the influence of the relative intensity of recreational activities on body weight and pregnancy rates of red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) between 1985 and 2015. We hypothesized that stress, as a result of recreational activities, affects pregnancy rates of red deer directly and indirectly via a reduction in body weight. Furthermore, we expected non-motorized recreational activities to have a larger negative effect on both body weight and fecundity, compared to motorized recreational activities. The intensity of recreational activities was recorded through visual observations. We obtained pregnancy data from female red deer that were shot during the regular hunting season. Additionally, age and body weight were determined through post-mortem examination. We used two generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test the effect of different types of recreation on 1) pregnancy rates and 2) body weight of red deer. Recreation had a direct negative correlation with the fecundity of red deer, with body weight as a mediator as expected. Besides, we found a negative effect of non-motorized recreation on fecundity and body weight and no significant effect of motorized recreation. Our results support the concept of humans as an important stressor affecting wild animal populations at a population level and plead to regulate recreational activities in protected areas that are sensitive. The fear humans induce in large-bodied herbivores and its consequences for fitness may have strong implications for animal populations.</p>
Fig. 3 in Detection and molecular characterization of the mosquito-borne filarial nematode Setaria tundra in Danish roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 3. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic relationship of four isolates of Setaria tundra from distant localities in Denmark. The analysis was based on cox1 gene sequences (578 bp). Percentage bootstrap support from 1000 replicate samples is indicated at the right of the supported node. Accession numbers for sequences obtained from GenBank are given in parentheses, followed by origin of isolate, only applicable to S. tundra. The scale bar indicates distance.
Fig. 1 in Detection and molecular characterization of the mosquito-borne filarial nematode Setaria tundra in Danish roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 1. Geographical origin (black dots) of Setaria tundra recovered from six infected roe deer. A: October 2010, B: May 2011, C: December 2012, D: May 2013 (two cases), and E: March 2014.
Fig. 2 in Detection and molecular characterization of the mosquito-borne filarial nematode Setaria tundra in Danish roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 2. Morphology of adult worms of Setaria tundra (A‾C) and microfilaria (D and E) recovered from roe deer in Denmark. A: Cephalic region showing the bifid projections (bp) carried on top of a peribuccal crown (pc) and one of the four cephalic papillae (cp). B: Posterior end of male worm with papillae weakly visible (arrowheads). C: Posterior end of female worm showing a knob at the tip of the tail (arrow head), that possesses longitudinal grooves and pores, a papilla (pa), and a collar composed of a row of bosses (co). D: Microfilaria collected from a female worm. The length of the microfilaria including the sheath (white arrow heads) was approximately 316 Mm, whereas the microfilaria was approximately 287 Mm, with a blunt anterior end and a tapering posterior end. E: Setaria tundra coiled under the liver capsule (case 3). Scale bars indicated for all but figure E.
Spatial patterns in neighbourhood effects on woody plant selection and bark stripping by deer in a lowland alluvial forest
<p>This dataset presents the incidence of bark stripping (present or not) and its intensity by two deer species mapped over all woody individuals ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). Stripping intensity was measured as the maximal percentage of the stripped stem circumference at the part of the stem with the horizontally widest stripping wound. A four-hectare square research plot is located in the Ranšpurk old-growth forest reserve in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic (N48°40´, E16°56´).</p> <p>Several treefalls damaged the fence around the reserve in late autumn 2017, allowing fallow deer (<em>Dama dama</em> L.) and red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) to enter the reserve from the deer enclosure. The number of fallow deer and red deer individuals in the reserve was unknown, and likely fluctuated over time as they could enter and leave the reserve at any time. Data were collected in July 2018, ca 9–10 months after the fence was damaged. Although the fence was not fixed at the time of data collection (deer could still enter and leave the reserve), stripping wounds were not fresh and were likely received between late autumn 2017 and early spring 2018.</p> <p>The datasets includes tree and shrub individuals that fell within species-specific DBH range (susceptible individuals). The range was defined for each tree and shrub species as DBH<sub>min </sub>≤ DBH ≤ DBH<sub>max</sub>, where DBH<sub>min</sub> and DBH<sub>max</sub> are DBH of the smallest and largest stripped individuals. Individuals smaller and larger than this range were excluded from analyses, because small and large individuals may be relatively less often stripped. Woody species with ≥ 70 individuals are presented, because stochasticity does not allow meaningful spatial point pattern analyses with fewer individuals per species.</p> <p>Data contains the x and y coordinates of each individual in a local coordinate system, the woody species, its code, diameter at breast height, the incidence of stripping (present = 1 or not = 0), and the intensity of stripping (%).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2022. Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats. Oecologia
<p>This repository contains the data set on nutrient fluxes through wild red deer used by Riesch et al. 2022 in an article puplished in <em>Oecologia</em> (accepted 2022-05-01).</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet. For further details please see the original article (DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05182-z).</p>
Balancing carnivore conservation and sustainable hunting of a key prey species: a case study on the Florida panther and white-tailed deer
<p>1. Large carnivore restoration programs are often promoted as capable of providing ecosystem services. However, these programs rarely measure effects of successful restoration on other economically and ecologically important species. In South Florida, while the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) population has increased in recent years due to conservation efforts, the population of its main prey, the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), has declined in some regions. The extent to which panther predation has affected deer populations has been difficult to assess because several other factors have changed during this period, including hydrology and hunting regulations.</p> <p>2. We collected known-fate survival data on 241 GPS-collared adult deer (156 females and 85 males) from 2015 to 2018 in the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida, USA, to assess effects of panther predation on the deer population, while also evaluating the impacts of hunting and hydrology.</p> <p>3. Predation was the primary cause of death (110 of 134 mortalities), and 87% of predation events were attributed to panthers, a much greater rate than reported by studies conducted before the panther genetic restoration effort initiated in 1995. One deer was legally harvested, and two were likely killed by poachers. Increasing water depth decreased female survival but had little impact on male survival, and drowning was never a cause of mortality.</p> <p>4. Females had greater survival probability than males, except during fawning season. From 2015 to 2018, annual survival rates increased from 0.61 (0.52-0.70) to 0.86 (0.79-0.91) for females, and from 0.45 (95% CI: 0.33-0.58) to 0.79 (0.69-0.86) for males.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications – High predation rates, coupled with previous evidence of low recruitment of deer in South Florida, suggest that it will be challenging to meet society's competing demands for large predator restoration and sustainable deer harvest. Deer hunting in the area must remain tightly controlled, for now, if it is to be sustainable, and managers should seek to mitigate effects of high waters and improve deer habitat quality to increase deer population viability. Future work should closely monitor the deer population to assess if management actions can increase vital rates and abundance in the context of high predation rates.</p>
Screening routine for integrative dynamic structural biology using SAXS and intramolecular FRET and DEER-EPR on hGBP1 (human guanalyte binding protein 1)
<p>Initial and selected ensemble for major and minor species of the human guanalyte binding protein 1 with scripts for the reading routine to combine and analyse jointly SAXS, EPR and FRET data.</p>
Three-dimensional surface scans of tooth surfaces of Sika deer from Torihama shell midden site
<p>Three-dimensional surface scans of tooth surfaces of Sika deer remains from Torihama shell midden site are saved in .sur format and surface analyses files in .mnt format, which are analyzed in:</p> <p>Sato, K., and Sato, T., and Kubo, M. O. "Reconstructing diets of hunted sika deer from Torihama shell midden site (ca. 6000 years ago) by dental microwear texture analysis" submitted to Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.957038</p> <p>More details can be found in the information published in this paper.</p>
Data belonging to the article: Estimating pre-harvest density, adult sex ratio and fecundity of white-tailed deer using wildlife cameras
<p>Adult sex ratio and fecundity (juveniles per female) are key population parameters in sustainable wildlife management, but inferring these requires abundance estimates of at least three age/sex classes of the population (male and female adults and juveniles). Prior to harvest, we used an array of 36 wildlife camera traps during 2 and 3 weeks in the early autumn of 2016 and 2017 respectively. We recorded white-tailed deer adult males, adult females and fawns from the pictures. Simultaneously, we collected fecal DNA (fDNA) from 92 20mx20m plots placed in 23 clusters of four plots between the camera traps. We identified individuals from fDNA samples with microsatellite markers and estimated the total sex ratio and population density using Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR). The fDNA-SCR analysis concluded equal sex ratio in the first year and female bias in the second year, and no difference in space use between sexes (fawns and adults combined). Camera information was analyzed in a Spatial Capture (SC) framework assuming an informative prior for animals' space use, either (1) as estimated by fDNA-SCR (same for all age/sex classes), (2) as assumed from the literature (space use of adult males larger than adult females and fawns), (3) by inferring adult male space use from individually-identified males from the camera pictures. These various SC approaches produced plausible inferences on fecundity, but also inferred total density to be lower than the estimate provided by fDNA-SCR in one of the study years. SC approaches where adult male and female were allowed to differ in their space use suggested the population had a female-biased adult sex ratio. In conclusion, SC approaches allowed estimating the pre-harvest population parameters of interest and provided conservative density estimates.</p>
Figure 1. A in The Caspian red deer, Cervus elaphus maral (Mammalia: Cervidae): a new host record for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) in northern Iran
Figure 1. A combined phylogenetic tree constructed using Bayesian Inference method based on ITS2/16S rRNA sequence data of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species in this study with sequences originated from various part of world retrieved from GenBank database. The main R. (B.) annulatus clade separated by a vertical double headed line. The taxa were defined with a name of species, country, GenBank accession number (taxon of the present study is bold). Posterior probability values inserted in the place of nodes. Branch lengths are proportional to the evolutionary changes. Rhipicephalus sanguineus assigned as outgroup taxon.
Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection
<p>Integrating host movement and pathogen data is a central issue in wildlife disease ecology that will allow for a better understanding of disease transmission. We examined how adult female mule deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>) responded behaviorally to infection with chronic wasting disease (CWD). We compared movement and habitat use of CWD-infected deer (<em>n</em> = 18) to those that succumbed to starvation (and were CWD-negative by ELISA and IHC; <em>n</em> = 8) and others in which CWD was not detected (<em>n</em> = 111, including animals that survived the duration of the study) using GPS collar data from two distinct populations collared in central Wyoming, USA during 2018–2022. CWD and predation were the leading causes of mortality during our study (32 of 91 deaths attributed to CWD and 27 of 91 deaths attributed to predation). Deer infected with CWD moved slower and used lower elevation areas closer to rivers in the months preceding death compared with uninfected deer that did not succumb to starvation. Although CWD-infected deer and those that died of starvation moved at similar speeds during the final months of life, CWD-infected deer used areas closer to streams with less herbaceous biomass than deer that died of starvation. These behavioral differences may allow for the development of predictive models of disease status from movement data, which will be useful to supplement field and laboratory diagnostics or when mortalities cannot be quickly retrieved to assess cause-specific mortality. Furthermore, identifying individuals that are sick before predation events could help to assess the extent to which disease mortality is compensatory with predation. Finally, infected animals began to slow down around four months prior to death from CWD. Our approach for detecting the timing of infection-induced shifts in movement behavior may be useful in application to other disease systems to better understand the response of wildlife to infectious disease.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.