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FIGURE 19 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 19. Lateral view of right (reversed) hyoid bar of Hapalogenys darwiniensis, paratype, CSIRO H.4069-12, 75.5 mm SL. Cartilage shown in dark grey. Abbreviations: ACH, anterior ceratohyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Illustration by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 7. Capros aper, 2.3 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 7. Capros aper, 2.3 mm NL preflexion-stage larva, ZMUC P42224, Dana 3530I. Pigment omitted. Scale bar = 1 mm. Illustration by J.M. Leis and S.B. Leis.

FIGURE 11 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 11. Lateral view of dentate portion of right dentary (reversed) of Lobotes surinamensis, ASU 19554, 52 mm SL, showing alternative interpretations of tooth replacement: A) "grouped tooth replacement of Hilton & Bemis (2005), in which a functional group of lateral teeth (in blue) is replaced by the group of replacement teeth immediately basal to it (in pink); B) posterolateral tooth replacement, in which anteromedially directed series of teeth develop at their posterolateral end. The functional and replacement groups in A belong to two different series (shown, respectively, in yellow and red in B). Dark grey indicates non-mineralised portion of developing teeth. The circles below B show the relative positions of teeth when viewed dorsally. Illustrations by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 10 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 10. Capros aper, cleared and stained 15 mm SL postflexion larva ZMUC P42227: A) whole specimen; B) detail of head to show serrations. Abbreviations: Aa, anguloarticular; Br, branchiostegals; Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; D, dentary; F, frontal; IL, interopercle-mandibular ligament; IO1, infraorbital 1; LE, lateral ethmoid; Mx, maxilla; N, nasal; Pcl, postcleithra; PG, pelvic girdle; Pmx, premaxilla; Po, preopercle; Ptt, posttemporal; Ra, retroarticular; S, suproccipital; Scl, supracleithrum. Photos by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 5. Larval Datnioides polota, 7.8 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 5. Larval Datnioides polota, 7.8 mm SL, AMS I.28986-046, from estuarine waters of the Malay Peninsula (after Ditty 2000: fig. 107). Illustration by J.M. Leis and S.B. Leis.

FIGURE 15 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 15. Lateral view of dentate portion of left dentary of Antigonia rhomboidea, AMS I.15526-006, 45 mm SL. Methods of presentation as in Figure 11B. Illustration by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 13 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 13. Lateral view of posterior portion of left premaxilla of the chaetodontid Chaetodon auriga, ASU 19076, 63.0 mm SL. Methods of presentation as in Figure 11B, except circles represent ventral view of teeth in coloured series. Illustration by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 1. Adult Lobotes surinamensis, ca. 150 mm SL, Swansboro, North Carolina, USA. Photo by A.K. Gardner.

FIGURE 9. Capros aper, 5.2 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 9. Capros aper, 5.2 mm SL postflexion larva ZMUC P42226, Dana 3529I. Spinule-shaped scales on nearly all of trunk and tail, including anterior to pelvic-fin base. These obscure the myomeres, which are omitted. A few spinule-shaped scales are also present on the cheek. A single spinule is at the base of each dorsal- and anal-fin element. The scales are shown only on a patch laterally on the upper trunk. Small spines on the fin spines are longer and more robust than the spinule-shaped scales. The dorsal tip of the ascending process of the premaxilla is dorsal to the posterior border of the nasal pit and hidden by the nasal ridge of spines. Pigment omitted. Scale bar = 1 mm. Illustration by J.M. Leis and S.B. Leis.

FIGURE 3. Adult Hapalogenys analis, 142 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 3. Adult Hapalogenys analis, 142 mm SL, Saikung, Hong Kong. Photo by J.E. Randall.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 2. Adult Datnioides pulcher, ca. 250 mm SL, aquarium specimen. Photo by B. Lee.

FIGURE 4. Larval Lobotes surinamensis, 5.9 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 4. Larval Lobotes surinamensis, 5.9 mm SL (after Watson 1996).

FIGURE 6. Larval Hapalogenys nitens, 7.3 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 6. Larval Hapalogenys nitens, 7.3 mm SL, from Japan (after Kinoshita 1988).

FIGURE 51 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 51. Frontals of cleared and stained larvae showing "waffle ornamentation: A) Lobotes surinamensis, SeaMap 30712, 7.2 mm SL; B) Datnioides polota, AMS I.28984-022, 8.1 mm SL; C) Hapalogenys sp., AMS I.44814-022, 8.3 mm SL; D) Chaetodon sp., AMS I.43805-011, 9.2 mm SL. Photos by M.N. Yerman (A–C) and A.C. Gill (D).

FIGURE 50 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 50. Lateral view of skulls of larvae: A) Luvarus imperialis, MCZ 55291, 10.5 mm SL; B) Naso sp. (Acanthuridae), MCZ 63121, 9.7 mm SL (from Johnson & Washington 1987; used with permission of G.D. Johnson). Abbreviations follow Figure 10 and 49.

FIGURE 54 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 54. Cladogram of Betancur-R. et al. (2013a) with weakly-supported (<70% bootstrap) nodes collapsed. Acanthuriform taxa are highlighted. Position of Datnioides on the tree is from Betancur-R. et al. (2015). Caproidae includes both Capros and Antigonia.

FIGURE 47 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 47. Larvae of the scatophagid Selenotoca multifasciata from the Great Barrier Reef, after Trnski & Leis (2000b: figs 186b,c): A) 3.5 mm SL, AMS I.24191-010; A') Dorsal view head of A, pigment omitted; B) 4.7 mm SL, AMS I.24205-008 (note: small ticks represent scale spinules; myomeres omitted). Illustrations by J.M. Leis and T. Trnksi.

FIGURE 44 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 44. Larva of an unidentified species of Centropyge sp. (Pomacanthidae), 4.4 mm SL, AMS I.26769-003) from the Hawaiian Islands, after Leis & Rennis (2000b: fig. 183D). Illustration by J.M. Leis and D.S. Rennis.

FIGURE 39 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 39. Segmented fin rays of A) Capros aper, USNM 320065, 60 mm SL, showing spicules on fin rays; B) Pomacanthus maculosus (Pomacanthidae), ACG CS31, 14 mm SL, showing spinoid scales on fin rays. Abbreviations: AR, anal ray; BS, basal scale; DR, dorsal ray; DRAD, distal radial; PMRAD, proximal + middle radial. Cartilage shown in dark grey. Body scales not shown.

FIGURE 43 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 43. Larva of Drepane punctata (Drepaneidae), 7.1 mm SL, AMS I.24191-003, from the Great Barrier Reef, after Cavalluzzi et al. (2000a: fig. 184C). Illustration by J.M. Leis and T. Trnski.