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318 results for “Direct development”
Notch directs telencephalic development and neuron fate determination by regulating miRNA levels
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Data from: Habitat deterioration promotes the evolution of direct development in metamorphosing species
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Mature mRNA processing that deletes 3′ end sequences directs translational activation and embryonic development
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Environmental heterogeneity shapes physiological traits in tropical direct-developing frogs
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Synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms underlying development of cortical direction selectivity
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FIGURE 2. A in A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from the Pacific lowlands of Guerrero, Mexico
FIGURE 2. A) Details of hand, and B) feet of the holotype of Eleutherodactylus erythrochomus (MZFC 33964). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Data from: Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly
Diapause is a fundamental component of the life-cycle in the majority of insects living in environments characterized by strong seasonality. The present study addresses poorly understood associations and trade-offs between endogenous diapause duration, thermal sensitivity of development, energetic cost of development and cold tolerance. Diapause intensity, metabolic rate trajectories and lipid profiles of directly developing and diapausing animals were studied using pupae and adults of Pieris napi butterflies from a population for which endogenous diapause is well studied. Endogenous diapause was terminated after 3 months and termination required chilling. Metabolic and postdiapause development rates increased with diapause duration, while the metabolic cost of postdiapause development decreased, indicating that once diapause is terminated development proceeds at a low rate even at low temperature. Diapausing pupae had larger lipid stores than the directly developing pupae and lipids constituted the primary energy source during diapause. However, during diapause lipid stores did not decrease. Thus, despite lipid catabolism meeting the low energy costs of the diapausing pupae, primary lipid store utilization did not occur until the onset of growth and metamorphosis in spring. In line with this finding, diapausing pupae contained low amounts of mitochondria-derived cardiolipins, which suggests a low capacity for fatty acid β-oxidation. While ontogenic development had a large effect on lipid and fatty acid profiles, only small changes in these were seen during diapause. The data therefore indicate that the diapause lipidomic phenotype is built early, when pupae are still at high temperature, and retained until diapause post-diapause development.
Data from: Adaptive developmental plasticity in a butterfly: mechanisms for size and time at pupation differ between diapause and direct development
Diapause (overwintering) and direct development are alternative developmental pathways in temperate insects. Diapause necessitates physiological preparations for dormancy, while direct development is associated with strong time constraints, resulting in selection for fast development under the direct development pathway. Physiological and behavioural preparations for pupation contribute to development time, so divergent selection in them is expected between the alternative developmental pathways. Critical mass for pupation induction is a central physiological parameter for the pupation process. Here, we compare the critical masses and the characteristics of the wandering stage – wandering taking place after the cessation of growth and before pupation – between diapausing and directly developing larvae in the butterfly Pieris napi. Critical mass estimation succeeded only for diapausing individuals, among which it was lower in females than in males, indicating an inter-pathway difference in the physiology of critical mass. Directly developing individuals wandered for a shorter time and distance and lost less mass before pupation than diapausing individuals. These physiological and behavioural differences represent adaptive phenotypic plasticity and contribute to fast development under direct development. Thus, the observed developmental plasticity in physiology offers a mechanistic explanation for adaptive life-history variation between alternative developmental pathways and sexual dimorphism.
FIGURE 5 in Sexual dimorphism in a freshwater atyid shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea) with direct development: a geometric morphometrics approach
FIGURE 5. Relative deformations grids show the variation in the mean shape of the second abdominal segment for (a) females and (b) males.
FIGURE 4 in Sexual dimorphism in a freshwater atyid shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea) with direct development: a geometric morphometrics approach
FIGURE 4. Scatter plot of first versus second principal component axes for the total variation of the second abdominal pleura shape for females and males in Neocaridina davidi.
FIGURE 1 in Sexual dimorphism in a freshwater atyid shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea) with direct development: a geometric morphometrics approach
FIGURE 1. Location of landmarks and semilandmarks on each anatomic structure in Neocaridina davidi. (a) carapace; (b) second abdominal pleura; left side, lateral view.
FIGURE 2 in Descriptions of the tadpoles of two species of Gephyromantis, with a discussion of the phylogenetic origin of direct development in mantellid frogs
FIGURE 2. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Gephyromantis pseudoasper from Manongarivo Special Reserve (developmental stage 34). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disc.
FIGURE 1 in Descriptions of the tadpoles of two species of Gephyromantis, with a discussion of the phylogenetic origin of direct development in mantellid frogs
FIGURE 1. Drawings of preserved tadpole specimen of Gephyromantis ambohitra from the Montagne d'Ambre National Park (developmental stage 37). (a) dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) oral disc.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development
FIGURE 1. Adult female holotype of Chiasmocleis magnova sp. nov. (MHNSM 19993) in life. Photograph by J. Moravec.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development
FIGURE 4. Holotype of Chiasmocleis magnova sp. nov. (MHNSM 19993). (A) Palmar, and (B) plantar view of right hand and foot. Scale bar equals 2 mm. Original by J. Moravec.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development
FIGURE 2. Ventral view of adult female holotype of Chiasmocleis magnova sp. nov. (MHNSM 19993) in life. Photograph by J. Moravec.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development
FIGURE 3. Holotype of Chiasmocleis magnova sp. nov. (MHNSM 19993). (A) Lateral, and (B) dorsal views of head. Scale bar equals 2 mm. Original by J. Moravec.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development
FIGURE 5. Schematic map showing the known distribution (indicated by a black dot) of Chiasmocleis magnova sp. nov.
FIGURE 10 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 10. Phylogeny of nobleobatrachian frogs represented by selected species and constructed using sequences from 9 genes. The tree is rooted with Rana temporaria (not shown). Support values (ML bootstrap/Bayesian posterior probability/MP bootstrap) are indicated at nodes. Bayesian and MP support values are not given in cases where those phylogenies conflicted with the ML phylogeny.
FIGURE 9 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 9. (A) Bayesian and (B) maximum parsimony phylogenies of nobleobatrachian frogs represented by selected genera and constructed using sequences from 17 genes. The trees are rooted with Ranidae (not shown). Support values (Bayesian posterior probabilities or MP bootstrap values) are indicated at nodes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.