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143 results for “Directed Interactions”
Herbivory mediates direct and indirect interactions in long-unburned chaparral
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Multiple spatial scales affect direct and indirect interactions between a non-native and a native species
Plant–plant interactions influence community assembly and species responses to environmental change. However, species interactions are complex phenomena influenced by context and scale. We conducted a one-year replacement experiment between two grasses in subtropical grasslands (native Axonopus fissifolius and non-native Paspalum notatum) in central Florida, USA. We evaluated interactions between these species at three ecological scales, ‘pairwise interactions’, ‘patch’ (33 cm x 33 cm) and ‘plot’ (1m x 3m), and along a gradient (15 levels) of increasing non-native and decreasing native plot groundcover within enclosures in semi-native pastures. We transplanted 18 individuals of each species per plot (18 × 30 plots = 1080 plants in total) in a 2×2 design intersecting direct pairwise interactions (additional transplanted neighbor: absent/present) with recipient patch type (Axonopus fissifolius/Paspalum notatum). Leaf length, leaf number and plant biomass were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment along with soil nutrients and pH at patch level. Over 92% of the transplants survived. We observed an interactive effect between patch type (non-native vs. native dominated) and plant abundance at plot level on plant performance, suggesting that indirect effects at larger spatial scales can influence effects at smaller scales. Surprisingly, both species exhibited enhanced performance with increasing abundance of the non-native species at plot level. We discuss several mechanisms explaining these indirect effects including Paspalum notatum induced changes in soil pH, soil feedbacks from the soil microbial community, preconditioning effects of the native species on the recipient soil, and positive density dependence effects after transplantation.
3D lookup tables for helium-graphene interaction for uniaxially strained graphene in the armchair direction
<p>Data files containing the 3D lookup tables for the helium-graphene Lennard Jones interaction for uniaxially strained graphene in the armchair direction from 0$\AA$ to 10$\AA$. Path integral Monte Carlo simulations can be performed using these data files and our open source code located <a href="https://code.delmaestro.org/">here</a>.</p>
Data from: Genetic variation in invasive species response to direct and indirect species interactions
Biotic resistance to invasion arises from strong species interactions that decrease the fitness and population growth rates of potential invaders. Strong, direct interactions such as predation and competition are typically thought to drive biotic resistance, but in diverse communities, indirect interactions among species may also affect biotic resistance. Further, genetic variation in traits of the invading species that affect species interactions may allow some genotypes to overcome biotic resistance. We investigated the direct and indirect effects of a native legume (Acmispon wrangelianus) and insect herbivores on the fitness of different genotypes of an invasive legume (Medicago polymorpha) in a California grassland. Insect herbivores decreased Medicago fitness, but only in the presence of Acmispon, suggesting that indirect interactions mediated through insects and Acmispon are important for deterring Medicago invasion. Some Medicago genotypes were less affected by interactions with other species, however. This genetic variance suggests that while biotic resistance reduced the reproductive success of most genotypes, a few genotypes were able to overcome these complex interactions. However, Medicago invasion was unsuccessful in all treatments at several of our sites, suggesting that factors beyond those manipulated here also play a key role at many sites. At sites where biotic resistance is important, spatial and temporal variation in community composition and the genetic composition of the invasion pool may explain the invasion success of Medicago into this community.
Data from: Direct and indirect transgenerational effects alter plant-herbivore interactions
Theory suggests that environmental effects with transgenerational consequences, including rapid evolution and maternal effects, may affect the outcome of ecological interactions. However, indirect effects occur when interactions between two species are altered by the presence of a third species, and make the consequences of transgenerational effects difficult to predict. We manipulated the presence of insect herbivores and the competitor Medicago polymorpha in replicated Lotus wrangelianus populations. After one generation, we used seeds from the surviving Lotus to initiate a reciprocal transplant experiment to measure how transgenerational effects altered ecological interactions between Lotus, Medicago, and insect herbivores. Herbivore leaf damage and Lotus fecundity were dependent on both parental and offspring environmental conditions. The presence of insect herbivores or Medicago in the parental environment resulted in transgenerational changes in herbivore resistance, but these effects were non-additive, as a result of indirect effects in the parental environment. Indirect transgenerational effects interacted with more immediate ecological indirect effects on Lotus fecundity. These results suggest that explanations of ecological patterns require an understanding of transgenerational effects and that these effects may be difficult to predict in species-rich, natural communities where indirect effects are prevalent.
Dataset for: Interactive effects of tree species composition and water availability on growth and direct and indirect defences in Quercus ilex
<p>Plant diversity has often been reported to decrease insect herbivory in plants. Of the numerous mechanisms that have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, how plant diversity influences plant defences via effects on growth has received little attention. In addition, plant diversity effects may be contingent on abiotic conditions (e.g., resource and water availability). Here, we used a long-term experiment to explore the interactive effects of tree species composition and water availability on growth, direct (i.e. phenolics) and indirect (i.e. Volatile Organic Compounds – VOCs) defences and leaf herbivory in <em>Quercus ilex</em>. We quantified herbivory by chewing insects, phenolic compounds and VOCs in <em>Q. ilex</em> trees growing in stands differing in tree species composition (<em>Q. ilex</em>, <em>Q. ilex</em> + <em>Betula Pendula</em>, <em>Q. ilex</em> + <em>Pinus pinaster</em> and <em>Q. ilex</em> + <em>B. pendula</em> + <em>P. pinaster</em>) and water availability (irrigated vs control). Both direct and indirect defences were affected by tree species composition, but such changes were not mediated by changes in tree stem diameter. <em>Q. ilex</em> trees growing in stands with <em>P. pinaster</em> had the lowest concentration of both direct and indirect defences. Importantly, the effects of tree species composition on VOCs were exacerbated on irrigated blocks. Despite variation in defences, tree species composition did not affect herbivory in <em>Q. ilex</em>. Accordingly, we did not find any association between defences and insect herbivory. Our results suggest that changes in the micro-environment rather than growth-defence associations may mediate tree diversity effects on defences. In addition, reduced defensive investment in more diverse stands could negatively impact tree resistance masking the beneficial effects of species diversity at reducing insect herbivory.</p>
Higher-order and distributed synergistic functional interactions encode information gain in goal-directed learning
<p>Dataset used in "Higher-order and distributed synergistic functional interactions encode information gain in goal-directed learning"</p> <p>https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614484v1</p>
Identification of PIAS1-direct interacting proteins through DSP-based crosslinking
<p>As a conserved post-translational modification, SUMOylation has been shown to play important roles in chromatin related biological processes including transcription. However, how the SUMOylation machinery associates with chromatin is not clear. To underatand how nuclear matrix associated SUMO enzymes regulate chromatin related function, we attempted to identify the direct interacting proteins of PIAS1, a major SUMO E3 protein. We made use of the crosslinking reagent dithiobis succinimidyl propionate (DSP), which is a water-insoluble, membrane-permeable homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccimide ester that can reversibly cross-link different proteins by primary amines in cells.</p>
Localization files for "Imaging proteins sensitive to direct fusions using transient peptide-peptide interactions"
<p>Localization csv files for super-resolution images taken and analysed for "Imaging proteins sensitive to direct fusions using transient peptide-peptide interactions". Single localizations were processed using the Peak Fit function of the Fiji (Java 8 2017 release) GDSC SMLM plugin, using a signal strength threshold of 30, a minimum photon threshold of 100, and a precision threshold of 15-30 nm (precision threshold used is indicated in the file name). </p>
Effects of Patient-Directed Interactive Music Therapy on Sleep, Delirium and Melatonin Levels is Critically Ill Elderly Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03156205. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Direct and indirect transgenerational effects alter plant-herbivore interactions
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Data from: Are variations of direct and indirect plant interactions along a climatic gradient dependent on species' strategies? An experiment on tree seedlings
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Data from: Direct and indirect effects of shrub encroachment on alpine grasslands mediated by plant-flower visitor interactions
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Dataset for: Interactive effects of tree species composition and water availability on growth and direct and indirect defences in Quercus ilex
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Data from: Genetic variation in invasive species response to direct and indirect species interactions
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Supplement (interactive Excel tool) to MAGIC Deliverable 6.4 'Intervention directed towards environmental protection: Biodiversity conservation on agricultural land'
<p>Interactive Excel data sheets to analyse potential interventions (i.e. changes in land use type and intensity) in the Dutch dairy production system towards conserving biodiversity. The tool uses the Dutch dairy sector as a case study and represents the current land use by dairy farmers in the Netherlands. The measures applied result in different landscapes that satisfy different biodiversity targets. At the same time, the tool measures the (negative) impact on food production.</p> <p>This interactive Excel tool is a supplement to: Kok A., Ripoll Bosch R., de Olde E.M., Muscat A., de Boer I.J.M. (2020), 'Intervention directed towards environmental protection: Biodiversity conservation on agricultural land', MAGIC (H2020–GA 689669) Project Deliverable 6.4, 24 February 2020, available online: <a href="https://magic-nexus.eu/documents/d64-intervention-directed-towards-environmental-protection">https://magic-nexus.eu/documents/d64-intervention-directed-towards-environmental-protection</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Direction matching for sparse movement data sets: determining interaction rules in social groups
It is generally assumed that high-resolution movement data are needed to extract meaningful decision-making patterns of animals on the move. Here we propose a modified version of force matching (referred to here as direction matching), whereby sparse movement data (i.e., collected over minutes instead of seconds) can be used to test hypothesized forces acting on a focal animal based on their ability to explain observed movement. We first test the direction matching approach using simulated data from an agent-based model, and then go on to apply it to a sparse movement data set collected on a troop of baboons in the DeHoop Nature Reserve, South Africa. We use the baboon data set to test the hypothesis that an individual's motion is influenced by the group as a whole or, alternatively, whether it is influenced by the location of specific individuals within the group. Our data provide support for both hypotheses, with stronger support for the latter. The focal animal showed consistent patterns of movement toward particular individuals when distance from these individuals increased beyond 5.6 m. Although the focal animal was also sensitive to the group movement on those occasions when the group as a whole was highly clustered, these conditions of isolation occurred infrequently. We suggest that specific social interactions may thus drive overall group cohesion. The results of the direction matching approach suggest that relatively sparse data, with low technical and economic costs, can be used to test between hypotheses on the factors driving movement decisions.
Data from: Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants
Disentangling direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants is essential to understanding the success of alien plants in multi-species communities, but studies have only focused on direct pairwise interactions. Moreover, it is also essential to explore phylogenetic and functional mechanisms driving these interactions. In a greenhouse experiment, we selected nine groups of alien and native plant species from the herbaceous flora of Germany to disentangle their direct and indirect interactions. Each group had an alien (A) that is common or rare in Germany (i.e. non-native range), two natives that are phylogenetically closely related (Nclose) and distantly related (Ndist) to A respectively, and a distantly related "target" native (T). We grew the four species of each group alone, and in two-species and three-species combinations. Specifically, we tested whether competition is greater between A and Nclose than between A and Ndist, whether presence of Nclose rather than Ndist indirectly alleviates competition of A on T, and whether these interaction patterns depend on commonness of A. Moreover, we tested how intensity of these interactions is explained by phylogenetic distance, functional traits (height, seed mass, SLA, leaf size, specific root length, leaf area ratio, root length ratio (root length/plant mass), shoot weight ratio) and traits-based functional distance. We found A had stronger competition on Nclose than on Ndist. In turn, A was more suppressed by Nclose than by Ndist, but this was only true for rare rather than common A. The presence of Ndist rather than Nclose indirectly reduced competition of A on T. The intensity of the interactions was not explained by phylogenetic or functional distance, but by some of the functional traits. Specifically, a plant experienced stronger competition when it was shorter and had smaller leaves and lower shoot weight ratio, and when its neighbors were taller, had greater SLA, leaf area ratio and shoot weight ratio, and had a lower root length ratio. Synthesis. Functional traits can help explain competitive interactions. While direct competition tended to be stronger between more closely related alien and native plants, this did not indirectly facilitate other co-occurring native plants.
Data from: Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants
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Data from: Direction matching for sparse movement data sets: determining interaction rules in social groups
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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