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FIG. 12 in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 12. — Motifs colorés résiduels révélés sous lumière UV sur des spécimens juvéniles et adultes. A-D, Cryptochorda (s.str.) pyrenaicensis Cossmann, 1923. Cuisien (Yprésien) dela Tuilerie, Gan (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). E-J. Cryptochorda (s.str.) neptis n. sp. E-G, Cuisien (Yprésien) de Mons-en-Laonnois (Aisne); H-J, Cuisien (Yprésien) de Saint-Gobain (Aisne). K-M, Cryptochorda (s.str.) cosediensis n. sp. K, M, Lutétiende Fresville (Manche); L, Lutétiende Hautteville- Bocage (Manche). A, MNHN.F.A71481 (coll. O'Gorman), H.: 24,9 mm; B, MNHN.F.J10882 (coll. O'Gorman), H.: 25,7 mm; C, MNHN.F.A57359 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 34,2 mm; D, MNHN.F.J14638 (coll. Cossmann), H.: 37,2 mm; E, MNHN.F.A71452 (coll. Lhomme), H.: 37,3 mm; F, MNHN.F.A71453 (coll. Lhomme), H.: 40,7 mm; G, MNHN.F.A71454 (coll. Lhomme), H.: 26,4 mm; H, Paratype MNHN.F.A71450 (coll. Romanek), H.: 29,0 mm; I, Paratype MNHN.F.A71451 (coll. Romanek), H.: 34,9 mm; J, MNHN.F.A71455 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 30,0 mm; K, MNHN.F.A71458, H.: 19,1 mm; L, MNHN.F.A71460, H.: 42,5 mm; M, Paratype MNHN.F.A71461 (coll. de Morgan), H.: 32,9 mm.

FIG. 11. — A-J in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 11. — A-J, Cryptochorda (s.str.) neptis n. sp. A-H, Cuisien (Yprésien) de Saint-Gobain (Aisne); I-J, Panisélien (Yprésien) d'Egem (Belgique). A, Holotype MNHN.F.A71442 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 37,1 mm; B, Paratype MNHN.F.A71443 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 37,5 mm; C, Paratype MNHN.F.A71444 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 34,0 mm; D, Paratype MNHN.F.A71445 (coll. Romanek), H.: 30,1 mm; E, Paratype MNHN.F.A71446 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 43,3 mm; F, spécimen juvénile, Paratype MNHN.F.A71447 (coll. Romanek), H.: 18,7 mm; G, spécimen juvénile, Paratype MNHN.F.A71448 (coll. Romanek), H.: 29,2 mm; H, Paratype MNHN.F.A71449 (coll. Pacaud), protoconque; I, MNHN.F.A71462 (coll. Merle), H.: 33,6 mm; J, MNHN.F.A71463 (coll. Merle), H.: 35,4 mm. Échelle: H, 2 mm.

FIG. 6. — A-L in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 6. — A-L, Cryptochorda (s.str.) stromboides (Hermann, 1781). A, Néotype MNHN.F.A57573 (coll. de Roissy), Lutétiende Courtagnon (Marne), H.: 55,7 mm; B, MNHN.FA71408 (coll. Pacaud), Lutétiende Damery (Marne), H.: 46,7 mm; C, MNHN.F.A71409 (coll. Staadt), Lutétiende Damery (Marne), H.: 51,6 mm; D, MNHN.F.A71410 (coll. d'Orbigny), Lutétiende Thiverval-Grignon (Yvelines), H.: 61,2 mm; E, MNHN.F.A71411 (coll. Pacaud), Lutétiende Damery (Marne), H.: 48,0 mm; F, MNHN.F.A71412 (coll. Pacaud), Lutétiende Damery (Marne), H.: 55,5 mm; G, MNHN.F.A71413 (coll. Faullummel), Auversien (Bartonien) de Mécringes (Marne), H.: 48,0 mm; H, spécimen juvénile, MNHN.F.A71414 (coll. Staadt), Lutétien de Damery (Marne), H.: 27,7 mm; I, spécimen juvénile, MNHN.F.A71415 (coll. Staadt), Lutétiende Damery (Marne), H.: 34,8 mm; J, MNHN.F.A71416 (coll. Faullummel), Auversien (Bartonien) de Dhuisy (Seine-et-Marne), H.: 36,9 mm; K, MNHN.F.A71417 (coll. Faullummel), Auversien (Bartonien) de Dhuisy (Seine-et-Marne), H.: 39,5 mm; L, MNHN.F.A71418 (coll. Pacaud), Lutétiende Fontenayen-Vexin, Bois du But (Eure), protoconque. Échelle: L, 2 mm.

FIG. 8 in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 8. — Diagrammededispersiondurapportentrehauteuretdiamètremaximaldesespèces Cryptochorda (s.str.) stromboides (Hermann, 1781) () et Cryptochorda (s.str.) altavesna n. sp. ().

FIG. 7. — A-J in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 7. — A-J, Cryptochorda (s.str.) altavesna n. sp. A, B, F-H, Lutétiende Authevernes (Eure); C, D, Lutétiende Parnes (Oise); E, Lutétiende Maulette (Yvelines); I, J, Lutétiende Fontenay-en-Vexin, Bois du But (Eure). A, Holotype MNHN.F.A71419 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 44,8 mm; B, paratype MNHN.F.A71420 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 42,8 mm; C, MNHN.F.A71421 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 43,1 mm; D, MNHN.F.A71422 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 40,2 mm; E, MNHN.F.A71428 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 40,8 mm; F, paratype MNHN.F.A71423 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 46,0 mm; G, spécimen juvénile, paratype MNHN.F.A71424 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 22,2 mm; H, spécimen juvénile, paratype MNHN.F.A71425 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 26,4 mm; I, MNHN.F.A71440 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 7,1 mm; J, MNHN.F.A74441 (coll. Pacaud), protoconque. Échelle: J, 2 mm.

FIG. 9 in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 9. — Motifs colorés résiduels révélés sous lumière UV sur des spécimens juvéniles et adultes. A-O, Cryptochorda (s.str.) altavesna n. sp. A-F, Lutétien de Fontenay-en-Vexin, Bois du But (Eure); G, I, K-M, Lutétiende Parnes (Oise); H, J, N, Lutétien de Authevernes (Eure); O, Lutétien de Maulette (Yvelines); P, Cryptochorda(s.str.) stromboides (Hermann, 1781), Lutétiende Damery (Marne). A, MNHN.F.A71434 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 6,8 mm; B, MNHN.F.A71435 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 9,4 mm; C, MNHN.F.A71436 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 10,7 mm; D, MNHN.F.A71437 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 16,2 mm; E, MNHN.F.A71438 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 10,3 mm; F, MNHN.F.A71439 (coll. Pacaud), H.: 18,5 mm; G, MNHN.F.A71429 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 32,7 mm; H, Paratype MNHN.F.A71426 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 32,3 mm; I, MNHN.F.A71430 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 36,6 mm; J, Paratype MNHN.F.A71427 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 42,5 mm; K, MNHN.F.A71431 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 28,9 mm; L, MNHN.F.A71421 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 43,1 mm; M, MNHN.F.A71422 (coll. de Roissy), H.: 40,2 mm; N, Paratype MNHN.F.A71432 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 42,1 mm; O, MNHN.F.A71428 (coll. Sautereau), H.: 40,8 mm; P, MNHN.F.A71409 (coll. Staadt), H.: 51,6 mm.

FIG. 5. — A in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 5. — A, Sycostoma bulbus (Solander in Brander, 1766) [synonyme de Fusus bulbiformis Lamarck, 1803]. Figure originale du Pyrum arescens vel rugosum publiéepar Martini (1777) dansson Neuessystematisches Conchylien-Cabinet; B, Cryptochorda (s.str.) stromboides (Hermann, 1781). Figureoriginalede Strombus arescens publiéepar Pusch (1837) dansson Polens Paläontologie.

FIG. 1 in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 1. — Répartitiongéographique des taxaétudiés: A, bassinde Paris; B, Cotentin; C, Loire-Atlantique; D, bassin d'Aquitaine (voir Cadre géographique).

FIG. 4 in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 4. — Quelques figurations anciennes de Cryptochorda (s.str.) stromboides (Hermann, 1781): A, « Rustiques figulines » post-palisséenne, pièce de vaisselle décorative, non culinaire, à décor animalier comportant des moulages de coquilles dont quatre Cryptochorda (s.str.) stromboides (The Metropolitan Museum of Art/n°53.225.52). Dimensions: 52,1 x 39,7 x 7,1 cm; B, « Buccinites » in Seba (1765); C, « Voile d'artimon rougeatre » in Knorr (1768); D, « Buccinites » in Walch (1768); E, « Pyrum albidum arescens vel rugosum » in Martini (1777); F, in Favanne de Montcervelle (1780); G, in Buc'hoz (1778); H, in Schröter (1785).

FIG. 3. — A in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 3. — A, Notes manuscrites de Jean Hermann sur les premières pages blanches de son exemplaire de L'histoire naturelle éclaircie dans deux de ses parties principales. L'Oryctologie, qui traite des terres, des pierres, des métaux, des minéraux et autres fossiles de Dezallier d'Argenville, publié en 1755 (Bibliothèque de l'Université de Strasbourg); B, notes manuscrites de Jean Hermann sur les premières pages blanches de son exemplaire de L'histoire naturelle éclaircie dans deux de ses parties principales. La lithologie et la conchyliologie […] de Dezallier d'Argenville, publié en 1742 (Bibliothèque de l'Université de Strasbourg); C, figure originale du Buccinum stromboides (figs 5, 6) publiée par Jean Hermann en 1781 dans la revue allemande Der Naturforscher.

FIG. 2 in Contribution des motifs colorés résiduels dans la discrimination d'espèces nouvelles de Cryptochorda Mörch 1858 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Harpidae de l'Éocène du bassin de Paris et du Cotentin

FIG. 2. — Portrait de Jean Hermann (1738-1800), dessiné par Charles Guerrin et gravé par Ambroise Tardieu (frontispice des Observationes zoologicae publié par Hermann en 1804).

opencc-zeroSep 2019View details →

Evidence for individual discrimination and numerical assessment in collective antipredator behaviour in wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula)

Collective responses to threats occur throughout the animal kingdom but little is known about the cognitive processes underpinning them. Antipredator mobbing is one such response. Approaching a predator may be highly risky, but the individual risk declines and the likelihood of repelling the predator increases in larger mobbing groups. The ability to appraise the number of conspecifics involved in a mobbing event could therefore facilitate strategic decisions about whether to join. Mobs are commonly initiated by recruitment calls, which may provide valuable information to guide decision-making. We tested whether the number of wild jackdaws responding to recruitment calls was influenced by the number of callers. As predicted, playbacks simulating three or five callers tended to recruit more individuals than playbacks of one caller. Recruitment also substantially increased if recruits themselves produced calls. These results suggest that jackdaws use individual vocal discrimination to assess the number of conspecifics involved in initiating mobbing events, and use this information to guide their responses. Our results show support for the use of numerical assessment in antipredator mobbing responses and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the cognitive processes involved in collective behaviour.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Data from: Has gene expression neofunctionalization in the fire ant antennae contributed to queen discrimination behavior?

Queen discrimination behavior in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta maintains its two types of societies: colonies with one (monogyne) or many (polygyne) queens, yet the underlying genetic mechanism is poorly understood. This behavior is controlled by two supergene alleles, SB and Sb, with ~600 genes. Polygyne workers, having either the SB/SB or SB/Sb genotype, accept additional SB/Sb queens into their colonies but kill SB/SB queens. In contrast, monogyne workers, all SB/SB, reject all additional queens regardless of genotype. Because the SB and Sb alleles have suppressed recombination, determining which genes within the supergene mediate this differential worker behavior is difficult. We hypothesized that the alternate worker genotypes sense queens differently because of the evolution of differential expression of key genes in their main sensory organ, the antennae. To identify such genes, we sequenced RNA from four replicates of pooled antennae from three classes of workers: monogyne SB/SB, polygyne SB/SB, and polygyne SB/Sb. We identified 81 differentially expressed protein-coding genes with 13 encoding potential chemical metabolism or perception proteins. We focused on the two odorant perception genes: an odorant receptor SiOR463 and an odorant binding protein SiOBP12. We found that SiOR463 has been lost in the Sb-genome. In contrast, SiOBP12 has an Sb-specific duplication, SiOBP12b', which is expressed in the SB/Sb worker antennae, while both paralogs are expressed in the body. Comparisons with another fire ant species revealed that SiOBP12b' antennal expression is specific to S. invicta and suggests that queen discrimination may have evolved, in part, through expression neofunctionalization.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Categorical facilitation with equally discriminable colors

This data supplements the study of: Witzel, C., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2015). Categorical facilitation with equally discriminable colors. Journal of Vision, 15(8), 22. doi:10.1167/15.8.22, http://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2381517 The Excell-file provides the data shown in Figure 4 of the above article, which shows the main results. The first sheet (trained) provides the data for the first, experienced group of participants, the second sheet (naive) the data for the naive, untrained group of participants. Rows refer to the 20 stimulus pairs. Columns: sti_ctg = category membership of each colour in a pair. sti_type = type of colour pair: 1 = centre pair, 2 = boundary, 3 & 4 = transitional pairs sti_azi = Hue (azimuth) in DKL-space rt = response times, one column for each observer er = error rates, one column for each observer

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2017View details →

Speed discrimination and distance reproduction data.

Data related to the following publication: Jan Churan, Johannes Paul, Steffen Klingenhoefer, Frank Bremmer (in press), Integration of visual and tactile information in reproduction of traveled distance. Journal of Neurophysiology. doi: 10.1152/jn.00342.2017 Description: Speed discrimination In the speed discrimination task, the subject was presented with a standard stimulus and a comparison stimulus (each 2 s long with a break of 500 ms in between). The standard stimulus was always presented first at a speed of either 3, 5 or 7 arbitrary units (AU)/s. The comparison stimulus was chosen from a range of +- 2 AU/s around the speed of the standard stimulus. After both stimuli had been presented, subjects had to indicate which one was perceived as faster by pressing one of two buttons. The combination of three standard speeds and two modality conditions resulted in 6 experimental conditions. In each condition 41 trials were performed that covered the given range of +- 2 AU/s in equidistant steps of 0.1 AU/s. In this discrimination task, each experimental condition was presented only once. The trials were conducted in a pseudo-randomized order. Distance reproduction In the first experiment, we tested the ability of the subjects to reproduce a previously passively observed traveled distance using visual, tactile or bi-modal feedback. The subject was presented with a simulation of self-motion over a certain distance. The speeds during this presentation were always constant at 4 or 7 AU/s and the distances were either 5, 10 or 15 AU. In this first phase the stimulation was always bi-modal. After this presentation and a brief pause of 500 ms the task of the subject was to reproduce the passively observed distance using a joystick. In this second part either only the visual information, only the tactile information, or both modalities were available. The order of all conditions was pseudo-random. Re-scaling of tactile information In the second experiment we investigated the effect of re-scaling of tactile information on the reproduced traveled distance. All simulated self-motion was bi-modal. The subjects were passively observing a simulated self-motion over a certain distance. The speed of this motion was not constant but had a sinusoidal profile with a peak speed at either 5 or 7 AU/s. The traveled distances were either 10, 15 or 20 AU. After the first presented distance and a brief gap of 500 ms another distance was presented passively. The speed profile of this second movement consisted of three different speeds between 3 AU/s and 10 AU/s. The distance covered by this second passive movement was always one third of the first passive distance but the subjects were neither informed about nor aware of this relationship. After the second presentation had stopped, the task of the subjects was to actively reproduce the first observed distance as a sum of the second passively observed distance and the subsequent active motion. In random 10% of the trials the tactile component of the motion was scaled up by 25% and in another 10% of the trials it was down-scaled by 25%. This means that the speed of the air flow on these trials was 25% faster (or slower) than in the rest of the trials. The re-scaling was applied only during the second passive motion and the active reproduction part of each trial. The subjects were not informed about and were not aware of this manipulation. The experiments on distance reproduction and tactile rescaling were performed in two variations that differed in the relationship between the speed of the tactile stimulus and the speed of self-motion. While in the congruent condition the speed of the air flow was directly proportional to the speed of visual self-motion, in the incongruent condition the relation of the two measures was inversely proportional. The congruent and the incongruent configurations were always used in both, the presentation as well as in the reproduction phase of a trial. Importantly, a purely visual stimulation used in the two conditions was identical in both cases. The subjects were informed that in the incongruent experiments slow speed of air flow indicates a fast speed of self-motion. To avoid any confusion, separate groups of subjects were tested in the congruent and in the incongruent conditions.

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

The longer the first stimulus is explored in softness discrimination the longer it can be compared to the second one

In haptic perception information is often sampled serially over a certain interval of time. For example, a stimulus is repeatedly indented to repeatedly estimate its softness. Albeit such redundant estimates are equally reliable, they seem to contribute differently to the overall haptic percept in a comparison task. When comparing the softness of two silicon rubber stimuli, the within-stimulus weights of estimates of the second stimulus' softness decrease during the exploration. Here we test the hypothesis that such decrease of weights depends on the representation strength of the first stimulus’ softness. We varied the length of the first stimulus’ exploration. Participants subsequently explored two silicon rubber stimuli by indenting the first stimulus (comparison) 1 or 5 times and the second stimulus (standard) always 3 times. We assessed the weights of indentation-specific estimates from the second stimulus by manipulating perceived softness during single indentations. Our results show that the longer the first stimulus is explored the more estimates of the second stimulus' softness can be included in the comparison of the two stimuli. This suggests that the exploration length of the first stimulus determines the strength of its representation which influences the decrease of weights of indentation-specific estimates of the second stimulus. The Zip file contains all data relative to the publication. The data of each participant is contained in a separate folder. This folder contains a *.raw file for each session of the experiment and a "data" folder, which contains movement trajectories (*.trj files) and the staircase reversals for each condition (*.pse files) in separate folders for each session. A description of the variables is contained in the file VARIABLE_CODES.txt

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Discrimination Study_ITD_Group_Raw Data

The updated version of ITD (Interaural Time Difference) group experimental data from Binaural-Cue Reweighting Induced by Discrimination Training have been uploaded, accompanied by a README files that describes the data attributes for PreTraining followed by Assessment (Pre/Posttest) and Training.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Morphometric data for Mesodma species discrimination

Multituberculates remain one of the more poorly understood mammalian clades. The North American multituberculate record is comprised mostly of isolated teeth and incomplete jaws leading to interpretations of relationships based on limited anatomy. Despite the fragmentary record, the p4 of cimolodontan multituberculates is both common and a source of diagnostic characters in systematic studies. The results of a recent morphometric study on the neoplagiaulacid Mesodma suggest that p4 size may be more useful than shape in diagnosing the various species referred to this genus. We tested this hypothesis by applying two different morphometric methods (2D geometric morphometrics and linear measurements) to two samples – (1) one including the p4s of four known species (M. ambigua, M. thompsoni, M. formosa, and M. pygmaea), and (2) a sample of unidentified p4s of Mesodma from the Bug Creek Anthills locality of Northeastern Montana. Our results indicate that while form explains most of the morphological variation in p4s of the various species of Mesodma, linear measurement data support differences in p4 morphology that are not recovered by form data alone. Depending on the methods used, we found evidence for the presence of one or more species of Mesodmain the Bug Creek Anthills fauna. Although shape and size both contribute to morphological variation in the p4 of Mesodma, our results suggest that the diagnostic power of each in isolation, or in combination, varies significantly with the type of methodology employed.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Improving Algorithm-Selectors and Performance-Predictors via Learning Discriminating Training Samples - Code and Data

This repository contains the code and data for reproducibility of the paper 'Improving Algorithm-Selectors and Performance-Predictors via Learning Discriminating Training Samples'.  The following files are included: <ul> <li>Plots: Additional plots not in the paper;</li> <li>Code: Python scripts to generate trajectories and perform classification/regression;</li> <li>best_algo.csv : Labels for the classification;</li> <li>performances.csv : Performances used for the regression;</li> <li>SA_parameters.csv : SA parameters for all machine learning tasks;</li> <li>irace_scenario.txt : scenario used for the tuning.</li> </ul>