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84 results for “Distribution Shifts”

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zenodo36/100

METASHIFT: A DATASET OF DATASETS FOR EVALUATING CONTEXTUAL DISTRIBUTION SHIFTS

Understanding the performance of machine learning models across diverse data distributions is critically important for reliable applications. Motivated by this, there is a growing focus on curating benchmark datasets that capture distribution shifts. In this work, we present MetaShift—a collection of 12,868 sets of natural images across 410 classes—to address this challenge. We leverage the natural heterogeneity of Visual Genome and its annotations to construct MetaShift. The key construction idea is to cluster images using its metadata, which provides context for each image (e.g. cats with cars or cats in bathroom) that represent distinct data distributions. MetaShift has two important benefits: first, it contains orders of magnitude more natural data shifts than previously available. Second, it provides explicit explanations of what is unique about each of its data sets and a distance score that measures the amount of distribution shift between any two of its data sets. Importantly, to support evaluating ImageNet trained models on MetaShift, we match MetaShift with ImageNet hierarchy. The matched version covers 867 out of 1,000 classes in ImageNet-1k. Each class in the ImageNet-matched Metashift contains 2301.6 images on average, and 19.3 subsets capturing images in different contexts. We also propose a method to construct tasks on the matched version, giving an example to construct 19,024 binary classification tasks on it.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Shifts in the composition and distribution of Pacific Arctic larval fish assemblages in response to rapid ecosystem change

The Pacific Arctic marine ecosystem has undergone rapid changes in recent years due to ocean warming, sea ice loss, and increased northward transport of Pacific‐origin waters into the Arctic. These climate‐mediated changes have been linked to range shifts of juvenile and adult subarctic (boreal) and Arctic fish populations, though it is unclear whether distributional changes are also occurring during the early life stages. We analyzed larval fish abundance and distribution data sampled in late summer from 2010 to 2019 in two interconnected Pacific Arctic ecosystems: the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, to determine whether recent warming and loss of sea ice have restricted habitat for Arctic species and altered larval fish assemblage composition from Arctic‐ to boreal‐associated taxa. Multivariate analyses revealed the presence of three distinct multi‐species assemblages across all years: (1) a boreal assemblage dominated by yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), capelin (Mallotus catervarius), and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus); (2) an Arctic assemblage composed of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and other common Arctic species; and (3) a mixed assemblage composed of the dominant species from the other two assemblages. We found that the wind‐ and current‐driven northward advection of warmer, subarctic waters and the unprecedented low‐ice conditions observed in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas beginning in 2017 and persisting into 2018 and 2019 have precipitated community‐wide shifts, with the boreal larval fish assemblage expanding northward and offshore and the Arctic assemblage retreating poleward. We conclude that Arctic warming is most significantly driving changes in abundance at the leading and trailing edges of the Chukchi Sea larval fish community as boreal species increase in abundance and Arctic species decline. Our analyses document how quickly larval fish assemblages respond to environmental change and reveal that the impacts of Arctic borealization on fish community composition spans multiple life stages over large spatial scales.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Climate-projected distributional shifts for North American ecoregions

Climate-projected distributional shifts for North American ecoregions Citation for dataset -------------------- Stralberg, D. Climate-projected distributional shifts for North American ecoregions. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1407176 Data layers  ----------------- Data layers represent ecoregion projections at 1-km resolution for North America:  _predcurrent.tif _pred_XXXXX_YYYY.tif where: XXXXX = Representative Concentration Pathway (rcp45 or rcp85) YYYYY = Time period (2050s or 2080s) See "ecoregion_lookup.csv" for ecoregion definitions and projected change summaries. Projection information ------------------- "+proj=lcc +lat_1=49 +lat_2=77 +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-95 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=m +no_defs" ------------------- Projection    LAMBERT Spheroid      GRS80 Units         METERS Zunits        NO Xshift        0.0 Yshift        0.0 Parameters     49  0  0.0 /* 1st standard parallel 77  0  0.0 /* 2nd standard parallel -95  0  0.0 /* central meridian 0  0  0.0 /* latitude of projection's origin 0.0 /* false easting (meters) 0.0 /* false northing (meters)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

zenodo36/100

Climatic shifts drove major contractions in avian latitudinal distributions throughout the Cenozoic

Data supporting "Climatic shifts drove major contractions in avian latitudinal distributions throughout the Cenozoic". Supporting data include the environmental layers used to calibrate present-day ecological niche models, and median ecological niche models generated from Maxent from the ten bootstrap replicates for each neornithine clade.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

zenodo36/100

Genomic implications of the repeated shift to self-fertilization across a species' geographic distribution

This is the dataset for the publication Genomic implications of the repeated shift to self-fertilization across a species’ geographic distribution by Kay Lucek, Jana Flury, Yvonne Willi published in the Journal of Heredity 10.1093/jhered/esae046 Abstract <div>The ability to self-fertilize often varies among closely related hermaphroditic plant species, though, variation can also exist within species. In the North American Arabidopsis lyrata, the shift from self-incompatibility (SI) to selfing established in multiple regions independently, mostly since recent postglacial range expansion. This has made the species an ideal model for the investigation of the genomic underpinnings of the breakdown of SI and its population genetic consequences. By comparing nearby selfing and outcrossing populations across the entire species’ geographic distribution, we investigated variation at the self-incompatibility (S-)locus and across the genome. Furthermore, a diallel crossing experiment on one mixed-mating population was performed to gain insight into the inheritance of mating system variation. We confirmed that the breakdown of SI had evolved in several S-locus backgrounds. The diallel suggested the involvement of biparental contributions with dominance relations. Though, the population-level genome-wide association study did not single out clear-cut candidate genes but several regions with one near the S-locus. On the implication side, selfing as compared to outcrossing populations had less than half of the genomic diversity, while the number and length of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) scaled with the degree of inbreeding. Selfing populations with a history of long expansion had the longest ROHs. The results highlight that mating system shift to selfing, its genetic underpinning and the likely negative genomic consequences for evolutionary potential can be strongly interlinked with past range dynamics.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Please read the respective readme files for each dataset.</div>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Potential distributional shifts in North America of allelopathic invasive plant species under climate change models

Occurrence data for invaive species used in ecological niche modeling for predictive studies. These data are cleaned to removed data with duplicates, incomplete coordinates, unlikely coordinates (e.g., 0,0), or those lacking environmental data were removed using the scrubr v.0.1.1 package in R (Chamberlain, 2016). Points falling outside of the respective training region for each species were also removed. These data represent downloads from iDigBio and GBIF.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change

Climate change is causing the rapid redistribution of vegetation as plant species move to track their climatic optima. Despite a global trend of upward movement in latitude and elevation, there is extensive heterogeneity among species and locations, with few emerging generalizations. Greater generalization may be achieved by considering multidimensional changes in species' distributions as well as incorporating ecologically relevant functional traits into studies of range shifts. To better understand how recent changes in climate are influencing the elevational distribution of plant species and how species' functional traits mediate distributional changes, we resampled a 2,438-meter elevation transect spanning a distance of 16 kilometers which encompasses desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral, and coniferous forest plant communities. Over the last 42 years, total perennial cover and species' average cover increased at lower elevations and decreased at higher elevations while the average elevational leading-edge increased 116 m and the elevational rear edge decreased 84 m. Notably, these changes were mediated by species' functional traits, where species exhibiting more conservative traits (lower SLA, greater δ13C, larger seed mass) and taller height shifted upward in their leading-edge range limit, average elevation, and trailing edge range limit, while declining in abundance at the median and trailing edge of their range. Species possessing more acquisitive traits (higher SLA, lower δ13C, smaller seed mass) and shorter height shifted downward and increased in abundance at their trailing edge, with increases in their total range size. Our results provide clear evidence that heterogeneous range dynamics under recent climate change can be generalized by considering ecologically relevant plant functional traits, and how they respond to localized climate exposure. Further, by documenting changes across a steep ecological gradient comprising a large aridity gradient, we show divergent patterns for plants occupying contrasting positions along the global spectrum of plant form and function, which provides critical insight into how trait-mediated changes under increasing aridity will impact ecosystem functioning.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Tracing the future of epidemics: Coincident niche distribution of host animals and disease incidence revealed climate-correlated risk shifts of main zoonotic diseases in China

This dataset contains host occurrence data from NACRC database and disease incidence data for the paper "Tracing the future of epidemics: Coincident niche distribution of host animals and disease incidence revealed climate-correlated risk shifts of main zoonotic diseases in China".

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Using distribution models to identify range shifts of four Acroneuria Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) species in the Midwest USA

Regional faunal assessments of stoneflies in the United States Midwest (herein defined as Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) indicate increasing imperilment resulting from human disturbance and climate change. Large-bodied Perlid stoneflies with multivoltine life cycles are among the most at risk for regional extirpation, with losses reported in several midwestern states. Species distribution modeling was undertaken to describe distribution shifts for four widespread riverine species: Acroneuria abnormis (Newman, 1838), A. frisoni Stark & Brown, 1991, A. internata (Walker, 1852) and A. lycorias (Newman, 1839). The distribution modeling algorithm MaxEnt was selected to predict both the historical (i.e., pre-1960) and contemporaneous distributions for each species using separate occurrence datasets. These models permit the identification of suitable habitat loss through range contractions associated with human disturbance. Predictions of suitable habitat losses were recorded for multiple species but were greatest for A. abnormis and A. internata. These models serve to guide future collection efforts and to further describe patterns of regional biodiversity loss. The data presented within this dataset contain the occurrence data used for modeling with distinction between temporal periods modeled.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Shifts in mutation bias promote mutators by altering the distribution of fitness effects

Recent experimental evidence demonstrates that shifts in mutational biases, for example increases in transversion frequency, can change the distribution of fitness effects of mutations (DFE). In particular, reducing or reversing a prevailing bias can increase the probability that a de novo mutation is beneficial. It has also been shown that mutator bacteria are more likely to emerge if the beneficial mutations they generate have a larger effect-size than observed in the wildtype. Here, we connect these two results, demonstrating that mutator strains that reduce or reverse a prevailing bias have a positively-shifted DFE, which in turn can dramatically increase their emergence probability. Since changes in mutation rate and bias are often coupled through the gain and loss of DNA repair enzymes, our results predict that the invasion of mutator strains will be facilitated by shifts in mutation bias that offer improved access to previously under-sampled beneficial mutations.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100