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37 results for “Dwarfism”
Deer grazing drove an assemblage-level evolution of plant dwarfism in an insular system
<p>Plant dwarfism, a syndrome characterised by a significant reduction in plant height and organ size, is a widely observed pattern of stress-tolerant life-form evolution that results from local adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. The drivers of assemblage-level dwarfism have primarily been attributed to abiotic factors, such as low temperature, aridity, poor soil fertility, or frequent fires. While biotic factors such as grazing pressure from herbivores can contribute to the establishment of plant dwarfism, these factors have rarely been tested at assemblage levels. Focusing on a dwarf plant assemblage comprising over 80 taxa on a small continental island in Japan with a high deer density, we hypothesised that historical deer grazing could also be a factor contributing to the large-scale convergent evolution of dwarfism. To test this hypothesis, we measured the size of 1,908 individual plants of 40 taxa-pairs, comprising both palatable and unpalatable pairs from the island and their counterpart taxa from neighbouring regions, and sought to assess which factors (i.e. low solar radiation, estimated divergence time, low nutrient conditions, and grazing pressure from deer) may have contributed to the formation of the dwarf plant assemblage on the island. We also performed genetic analysis to infer the timeframes for the establishment of dwarf taxa. Statistical analyses revealed that plant size was significantly reduced mainly among the palatable taxa growing on the island, with preferential grazing by deer being identified as the most significant factor influencing plant size. Furthermore, genetic analyses revealed that dwarf ecotypes may have evolved over tens of thousands of years.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis:</strong> To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that interactions with herbivores can shape the assemblage-level convergence of plant dwarfism. These findings enhance our current understanding of the formation of plant functional diversity.</p>
Fig. 17.5 in Chapter 17: Gigantism, Dwarfism, and Cope's Rule: "Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense without a Phylogeny"
Fig. 17.5. Three examples of bodysize evo
Deer grazing drove an assemblage-level evolution of plant dwarfism in an insular system
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Replication stress, microcephalic primordial dwarfism, and compromised immunity in ATRIP deficient patients.
GEO Series GSE284526. Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions (human fibroblast ChIP-seq)
GEO Series GSE120551. Homo sapiens. 28 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions
GEO Series GSE120558. Homo sapiens; Mus musculus. 66 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by genome tiling array; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions (human fibroblast RNAseq)
GEO Series GSE120553. Homo sapiens. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions (mouse NPC RNAseq)
GEO Series GSE120555. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Genetic diversity and drivers of dwarfism in extinct island emu populations
Australia's iconic emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae) is the only living representative of its genus, but fossil evidence and reports from early European explorers suggest that three island forms (at least two of which were dwarfs) became extinct during the 19th century. While one of these - the King Island emu - has been found to be conspecific with Australian mainland emus, little is known about how the other two forms - Kangaroo Island and Tasmanian emus - relate to the others, or even the size of Tasmanian emus. We present a comprehensive genetic and morphological analysis of Dromaius diversity, including data from one of the few definitively genuine Tasmanian emu specimens known. Our genetic analyses suggest that all the island populations represent sub-populations of mainland D. novaehollandiae. Further, the size of island emus and those on the mainland appears to scale linearly with island size but not time since isolation, suggesting that island size—and presumably concomitant limitations on resource availability—may be a more important driver of dwarfism in island emus, though its precise contribution to emu dwarfism remains to be confirmed.
The Primordial Dwarfisms: Diagnosis, Identification of the Molecular Basis of Seckel Syndrome and Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03139903. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Primordial Dwarfism Registry
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04569149. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study of Pituitary Size and Function in Familial Dwarfism of Sindh
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00004365. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Data from: Genetic diversity and drivers of dwarfism in extinct island emu populations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions (human Illumina methylation)
GEO Series GSE120428. Homo sapiens. 13 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by genome tiling array.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions (mouse RRBS)
GEO Series GSE120557. Mus musculus. 13 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Gain of function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions (human RRBS)
GEO Series GSE120554. Homo sapiens. 2 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptome profile analysis of overexpression of SlRBZ results in etiolation and dwarfism by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis in tomato
GEO Series GSE77340. Solanum lycopersicum. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.