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FIGURES 21–24 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 21–24. Echiniscus madonnae sp. nov. — habitus (21–22 holotype, 23–24 paratype); 21, dorsolateral view (DIC), 22, dorsolateral view (PCM), 23, lateral view (SEM), 24, dorsal view (SEM); 21 and 22 show the same specimen, 23 and 24 show the same specimen.

FIGURES 17–20. Echiniscus bigranulatus. 17 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 17–20. Echiniscus bigranulatus. 17, papilla and dentate collar on the IV pair of legs (PCM), 18, dentate collar and claws of the IV pair of legs (PCM), 19, papilla, dentate collar and claws on the IV pair of legs (SEM), 20, claws on the III pair of legs (SEM).

FIGURES 9–12 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 9–12. Echiniscus bigranulatus — cuticle; 9, anterior plates (SEM), 10, posterior plates (SEM), 11–12, structure of dorsal plate cuticle (SEM) (see also Fig. 72).

FIGURES 35–38 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 35–38. Echiniscus madonnae sp. nov. 35–36, second median plate (DIC and SEM, respectively), 37–38, weakly developed third median plate (DIC and SEM, respectively). Not scaled.

FIGURES 5–8 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 5–8. Echiniscus bigranulatus — dorsal plate cuticle; 5, DIC, 6, PCM, 7–8, SEM; 5 and 6 show the same fragment of cuticle.

FIGURES 13–16. Echiniscus bigranulatus. 13–14 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 13–16. Echiniscus bigranulatus. 13–14, second median plate (PCM and SEM, respectively), 15–16, third median plate (PCM and SEM, respectively). Not scaled.

FIGURES 1–4 in Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America

FIGURES 1–4. Echiniscus bigranulatus — habitus (2 — neotype, the rest of the specimens is from Costa Rica); 1, dorsolateral view (DIC), 2, dorso lateral view (PCM, neotype), 3, lateral view (SEM), 4, dorsal view (SEM).

FIGURES 23–26 in Echiniscus ganczareki, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group) from Costa Rica

FIGURES 23–26. Structure of the dorsal plate cuticle in four species of the bigranulatus group (semi-schematic sections based on SEM observations). 23—E. bigranulatus; 24—E. ollantaytamboensis; 25—E. ganczareki sp. nov. (see also Fig. 8); 26—E. madonnae. Abbreviations: bc—body cavity, cs—cuticle surface, pi—pillar, po—pore, pp—pseudopore, sl—'sponge' layer, up—undeveloped pillar. Not scaled (23–24 and 26 from Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006c).

FIGURES 11–14 in Echiniscus ganczareki, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group) from Costa Rica

FIGURES 11–14. Echiniscus ganczareki sp. nov. 11–12—second median plate, note that the anterior portion of the plate is devoid of pores and is covered with fine granulation (11— paratype, PCM, 12—paratype, SEM); 13–14—third median plate (13—paratype, PCM, 14—paratype, SEM).

FIGURES 15–20 in Echiniscus ganczareki, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group) from Costa Rica

FIGURES 15–20. Echiniscus ganczareki sp. nov. Pores on legs: 15–16—legs I with the spine (15—holotype, PCM, 16—paratype, SEM); 17–18—legs II (17—holotype, PCM, 18—paratype, SEM); 19–20—legs IV with the dentate collar and papilla (19—holotype, PCM, 20—paratype, SEM).

FIGURES 1–4 in Echiniscus ganczareki, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group) from Costa Rica

FIGURES 1–4. Echiniscus ganczareki sp. nov. Habitus: 1—dorsal view (holotype, PCM); 2—dorso-lateral view (paratype, PCM); 3—dorsal view (paratype, SEM); 4—lateral view (paratype, SEM).

FIGURES 5–10 in Echiniscus ganczareki, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group) from Costa Rica

FIGURES 5–10. Echiniscus ganczareki sp. nov. 5–8—dorsal plate cuticle; 5—terminal plate with pores; 6—the same fragment as shown on Fig. 5, but showing pillars that appear when focusing down through the cuticle (5–6 – holotype, PCM); 7—pores in the scapular plate (paratype, SEM); 8—structure of the dorsal plate cuticle (see also Fig. 25) (paratype, SEM); 9–10—ventral head cuticle with pores (9—holotype, PCM, 10—paratype, SEM).

FIGURE 8. Echinicus clevelandi. A in New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China

FIGURE 8. Echinicus clevelandi. A, habitus; B, detail of the cuticular ornamentation; the arrow indicates small dark polygons present also in correspondence of the light spots. (Scale bar = 10 µm).

FIGURE 2. A–D, Echiniscus scabrospinosus. A, B in New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China

FIGURE 2. A–D, Echiniscus scabrospinosus. A, B, anterior portion of the body of two specimens from Amarante (Portugal); arrows indicate the small spine on the first pair of legs and the lateral portion, lacking light spots, of scapular plate and paired plates; C, claws of the third pair of legs of a specimen from Amarante (Portugal); D, claws of the fourth pair of legs of a specimen from Faial Island (Azores). Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 6 in New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China

FIGURE 6. Echiniscus lineatus sp. nov. A, B, cuticular ornamentation of some plates of the holotype; many light spots form transverse stripes; In A the arrows indicate the lateral portions of the paired plates where light spots are absent; in B the arrows indicate the smooth bands of some plates; C, scapular plate of a paratype; small dark polygons, light spots forming transverse stripes are shown; D, detail of the cuticular ornamentation; arrows indicate small dark polygons present also in correspondence of light spots. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 5. Echiniscus marginatus. A in New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China

FIGURE 5. Echiniscus marginatus. A, anterior portion of the body of the holotype; B, posterior portion of the body of the holotype; C, detail of the cuticular ornamentation (paratype); arrow indicates light spots present also in the lateral portions of the paired plates; D, claws of the first pair of legs of a paratype; E, claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1. A–D, Echiniscus scabrospinosus. A, B in New description of Echiniscus scabrospinosus Fontoura, 1982, and description of a new species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada) from China

FIGURE 1. A–D, Echiniscus scabrospinosus. A, B, habitus (A, specimen from Amarante, Portugal; B, specimen from Faial Island, Azores); arrows indicate the lateral portions of scapular plate and paired plates lacking light spots; C, anterior portion of the body of a specimen from Amarante (Portugal); the arrow indicates a pair of intersegmental lateral plates; D, detail of the plate ornamentation of the holotype; arrows indicate the dark ring present in the centre of each light spot. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 7 in New records and within-species variability of Iberian tardigrades (Tardigrada), with comments on the species from the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis series

FIGURE 7. Double-claw photos from one Macrobiotus hystricogenitus specimen: (A) double-claws from the first pair of leg, typical Macrobiotus hystricogenitus claw morphology, and (B) double-claws from the second pair of legs with an additional spur (arrows). Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURE 5B in New records and within-species variability of Iberian tardigrades (Tardigrada), with comments on the species from the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis series

FIGURE 5B. Morphological variability found in Echiniscus merokensis. Percentages are provided for each morphotype. Arrows indicate missing appendages. (B) Echiniscus merokensis suecica.

FIGURE 6 in New records and within-species variability of Iberian tardigrades (Tardigrada), with comments on the species from the Echiniscus blumi-canadensis series

FIGURE 6. Morphological variability found in Echiniscus trisetosus. Percentages are provided for each morphotype. Arrows indicate missing appendages. *Morphotype found also in juvenile specimens.