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61 results for “Ectomycorrhizal fungi”
Endemic species of ectomycorrhizal fungi support the exceptional productivity of a temperate rainforest
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Data from: Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi
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Host population effects on ectomycorrhizal fungi
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Diverse ectomycorrhizal fungi communities found in urban reserve soils and scats of small mammals when compared to native forest
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Isotope analyses of amino acids in fungi and fungal feeding Diptera larvae allow differentiating ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi-based food chains
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Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi
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Precipitation, rather than temperature drives coordination of multidimensional root traits with ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests
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Data from: Population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in ectomycorrhizal fungi with different dispersal mechanisms: Implications from ice-aged relict forests across the Japanese archipelago
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Mineral nitrogen nutrition of Fagus sylvatica L roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest soil
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Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability
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Data from: Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest
Phenology-induced changes in carbon assimilation by trees may affect carbon stored in fine roots and as a consequence, alter carbon allocated to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two competing models exist to explain carbon mobilization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Under the 'saprotrophy model', decreased allocation of carbon may induce saprotrophic behaviour in ectomycorrhizal fungi, resulting in the decomposition of organic matter to mobilize carbon. Alternatively, under the 'nutrient acquisition model', decomposition may instead be driven by the acquisition of nutrients locked within soil organic matter compounds, with carbon mobilization a secondary process. We tested whether phenology-induced shifts in carbon reserves of fine roots of aspen (Populus tremuloides) affect potential activity of four carbon-compound degrading enzymes, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and laccase, by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal roots from mature aspen were collected across eight stands in north-eastern Alberta, Canada, and analysed during tree dormancy, leaf flush, full leaf expansion and leaf abscission. We predicted potential extracellular enzyme activity to be highest when root carbon reserves were lowest, should host phenology induce saprotrophism. Further, we anticipated enzyme activity to be mediated by invertase, a plant-derived enzyme which makes carbon available to fungal symbionts in the plant–fungus interface. Root carbon reserves were positively correlated with invertase, suggesting phenology may affect carbon allocation to ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, of the four enzymes, host phenology had the largest effect on β-glucuronidase, but activity of this enzyme was not correlated with root carbon reserves or invertase. Low-biomass ectomycorrhizas had greater potential laccase activity than high-biomass ectomycorrhizas, highlighting discrete functional traits in fungi for litter decomposition. Our results suggest that the decomposition of organic matter may be driven by foraging by fungi for nutrients locked within organic compounds rather than for mobilizing carbon. Furthermore, the potential ability to degrade lignin was more common in low-biomass ectomycorrhizas when compared to high-biomass ectomycorrhizas.
Data from: Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic
Changing climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. Soil samples were collected weekly from mid-July to mid-September in both control and deep snow plots. Richness of ECM fungi was lower, while saprotrophic fungi was higher in increased snow depth plots relative to controls. [Correction added on 23 September 2016 after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the richness of ECM and saprotrophic fungi were wrongly interchanged and have been fixed in this current version.] ECM fungal richness was related to soil NO3-N, NH4-N, and K; and saprotrophic fungi to NO3-N and pH. Small but significant changes in the composition of saprotrophic fungi could be attributed to snow treatment and sampling time, but not so for the ECM fungi. Delayed snow melt did not influence the temporal variation in fungal communities between the treatments. Results suggest that some fungal species are favored, while others are disfavored resulting in their local extinction due to long-term changes in snow amount. Shifts in species composition of fungal functional groups are likely to affect nutrient cycling, ecosystem respiration, and stored permafrost carbon.
Data from: The significance of retention trees for survival of ectomycorrhizal fungi in clear‐cut Scots pine forests
1. Forestry with short stand generations and simplified forest structures has markedly af-fected forest biodiversity. One group of organisms adversely affected by clear-cutting is ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, as they are associated with the roots of living trees. Retention forestry is a way of reducing logging impacts and enhancing biodiversity conservation. In-creasing the proportion of trees retained at harvest may improve ECM fungal diversity. 2. We investigated the potential for life-boating of ECM fungi through the harvesting phase in an experimental field study in a 190 years old Scots pine forest in northern Sweden. The experiment comprised four levels of tree retention – unlogged forest, plots with 60% or 30% of evenly distributed trees retained, and clear-cuts without retained trees. We sampled soils and determined identities, frequencies and relative abundances of ECM fungal species dur-ing three years following logging through the use of high-throughput sequencing of ampli-fied ITS2 markers. 3. We identified 151 ECM fungal species, with the five most abundant species accounting for 50% of the total ECM fungal amplicons. Three years after harvesting, the proportion of ECM sequences in the total amplicon pool had decreased proportionally to the extent of tree removal. In clear-cuts ECM fungal relative abundance had decreased by 95%, while ECM fungal species richness had declined by 75%, compared to unlogged plots. 4. Tree retention enabled maintenance of the most frequent ECM species, while more lowly abundant species were progressively lost at random with increasing level of tree removal. Five of the most frequent ECM fungal species remained present after clear-cutting, probably associated with pine seedlings. 5. Synthesis and applications. Tree retention can moderate short-term and potentially also long-term logging impacts on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Local ECM fungal diversity is preserved in proportion to the amount of retained trees. Abundant species may be largely maintained, even by low levels of tree retention and on naturally established seedlings. However, conservation of more infrequent species requires higher levels of tree retention, and our results suggest that around 75% of the ECM species are lost with the forest certifi-cation standard of 5% retention trees left at logging. 4-Feb-2019
Climate mismatches with ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to migration lag in North American tree range shifts (Van Nuland et al. 2024; PNAS)
<p>These R scripts describe the setup, data wrangling, climate envelope modeling, and spatial analysis of Tree-EMF habitat overlap and mismatches associated with the manuscript Van Nuland et al. (2024) “<em>Climate mismatches with ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to migration lag in North American tree range shifts</em>”.</p> <p>Data included in this study are available from the National Ecological Observatory Network at http://doi.org/10.48443/ybrs-zv89, RELEASE-2021 (DP1.10086.001) and the BIEN R package. Microbial sequence data are available through the ‘neonMicrobe’ R package (ref. 29 in the manuscript) and the NCBI SRA (accession number: PRJNA950128). Climate data is available from worldclim (https://www.worldclim.org/). Additional data sources from the Peay Lab NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity project on EMF surveys in Pine forests across North America (Talbot et al. 2014 PNAS, Steidinger et al. 2021 Journal of Biogeography).</p>
A group of ectomycorrhizal fungi restricts organic matter accumulation in boreal forest
<p>Boreal forest soils are important global carbon sinks, with significant storage in the organic topsoil. Decomposition of these stocks requires oxidative enzymes, uniquely produced by fungi. Across Swedish boreal forests, we found that local carbon storage in the organic topsoil was 33% lower in the presence of a group of closely related species of ectomycorrhizal fungi – <i>Cortinarius acutus</i> s.l.. This observation challenges the prevailing view that ectomycorrhizal fungi generally act to increase carbon storage in soils but supports the idea that certain ectomycorrhizal fungi can complement free-living decomposers, maintaining organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling and tree productivity under nutrient-poor conditions. The indication that a narrow group of fungi may exert a major influence on carbon cycling questions the prevailing dogma of functional redundancy among microbial decomposers. <i>Cortinarius acutus</i> s.l.<i> </i>responds negatively to stand-replacing disturbance, and associated population declines are likely to increase soil carbon sequestration while impeding long-term nutrient cycling.</p>
Supplementary material 4 from: Rosenblad MA, Martín MP, Tedersoo L, Ryberg M, Larsson E, Wurzbacher C, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH (2016) Detection of signal recognition particle (SRP) RNAs in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of three lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 13: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8579
SRP RNA multiple sequence alignment : Explanation note: Multiple sequence alignment with the SRP RNA sequences of Dumesic et al. (2015; Stereum hirsutum, Heterobasidion irregulare, and Heterobasidion annosum) aligned to our newly generated ITS sequences of Russula and Lactarius.
Supplementary material 3 from: Rosenblad MA, Martín MP, Tedersoo L, Ryberg M, Larsson E, Wurzbacher C, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH (2016) Detection of signal recognition particle (SRP) RNAs in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of three lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 13: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8579
ITS/SRP RNA multiple sequence alignment : Explanation note: Multiple sequence alignment comprising the 63 public ITS1 sequences with SRP RNA found in them, the three newly generated sequences, and the SRP RNA sequences from Dumesic et al. (2015) (Stereum hirsutum, Heterobasidion irregulare, and Heterobasidion annosum).
Supplementary material 2 from: Rosenblad MA, Martín MP, Tedersoo L, Ryberg M, Larsson E, Wurzbacher C, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH (2016) Detection of signal recognition particle (SRP) RNAs in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of three lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 13: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8579
ITS multiple sequence alignment : Explanation note: A multiple sequence alignment in the NEXUS format (Maddison et al. 1997) comprising all 63 matching ITS sequences, plus the three newly generated ones (KU356730, KU356731, and KU356732). The alignment was produced in MAFFT without manual adjustment (Katoh and Standley 2013). The alignment is composed of partial nSSU (bases 1-34 in the alignment), the full ITS1 (bases 35-678), the full 5.8S (bases 679-838), the full ITS2 (bases 839-1395), and partial nLSU (bases 1396-end). The SRP RNA occupies position 203-474 in the alignment. The alignment is provided for overview purposes only; the two-order nature of the taxa (Boletales and Russulales) coupled with the high variability of the ITS region jointly mean that the alignment will not be suited for phylogenetic inference.
Supplementary material 1 from: Rosenblad MA, Martín MP, Tedersoo L, Ryberg M, Larsson E, Wurzbacher C, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH (2016) Detection of signal recognition particle (SRP) RNAs in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of three lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 13: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8579
Output from cmsearch and primers used : Explanation note: A) The output from cmsearch showing all 63 relevant matches to the three ectomycorrhizal lineages. B) Detail of the primers used to re-amplify the specimens.
Data from: The significance of retention trees for survival of ectomycorrhizal fungi in clear‐cut Scots pine forests
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