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61 results for “Euglossini”
Fig. 1 in Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) of Cusuco National Park, State of Cortés, Honduras
Fig. 1. (a) Location of Cusuco National Park and (b) locations of research camps within the park.
Fig. 1 in Do euglossine females reside in a single nest? Notes on Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Fig. 1. Boxes of medium densitY fiberboard used in the studY.
Figure 1 in Orchid bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) are seasonal in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, southern Brazil
Figure 1. Orchid bee phenology in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, (A-C) Eufriesea violacea, (D-G) Euglossa cordata, (H-I) Eulaema nigrita.
Fig. 3 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Fig. 3. Exaerete smaragdina, mature oocyte, anterior end to the left. Scale = 1.0 mm.
Phylogenomics reveals within species diversification but incongruence with color phenotypes in widespread orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
<p>Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for taxonomic studies and has been widely used for identifying insect species and populations. However, coloration can be a poor diagnostic character for insect species that exhibit high polymorphism in this trait, which can lead to over-splitting of taxonomic units. In orchid bees, color variation has been interpreted by different taxonomists as either polymorphism associated with Mullerian mimicry complexes or diagnostic traits for species identification. Despite this uncertainty, integrative approaches that incorporate multiple independent datasets to test the validity of hair coloration as a character that identifies independent evolutionary units have not been used. Here, we use phylogenomic data from Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) to explore whether color phenotypes in the widespread orchid bee species complexes <em>Eulaema</em> <em>meriana</em> and <em>Eulaema</em> <em>bombiformis</em> (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) correspond to independent lineages or polymorphic trait variation within species. We find that lineages within both species are structured according to geography and that color morphs are generally unassociated with evolutionarily independent groups except for populations located in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We conclude that there is compelling evidence that <em>E. atleticana </em>and <em>E. niveofasciata</em> are subspecies of <em>E. meriana</em> and <em>E. bombiformis</em>, respectively, and not different species as previously suggested. Therefore, we recognize <em>Eulaema meriana atleticana</em> comb. n. and <em>Eulaema bombiformis niveofasciata</em> comb. n. and discuss their morphological characteristics. We make recommendations on the use of color traits for orchid bee taxonomy and discuss the significance of subspecies as evolutionary units relevant for conservation efforts.</p>
Phylogenomics reveals within species diversification but incongruence with color phenotypes in widespread orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
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FIGURES 7–12. Genital capsule, metasomal sternum 8 in Description of a new species of Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) with notes on comparative biology
FIGURES 7–12. Genital capsule, metasomal sternum 8 (S8), and S7 of Euglossa rufipes sp. n. (7, 8, 9) and E. asarophora (10, 11, 12). Genitalia drawn from dorsal (left) and ventral (right) side. S7 and S8 drawn from ventral side. Notice in particular the apical process of S8 is notably broader in E. rufipes sp. n. than E. asarophora. Scale bar is 1 mm.
FIGURES 3–6 in Description of a new species of Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) with notes on comparative biology
FIGURES 3–6. Face of male Euglossa rufipes sp. n. (3) and E. asarophora (4). Notice concave clypeus, bordered by a small ridge in E. asarophora. Mid tibia velvet area of male E. rufipes sp. n. (5) and E. asarophora (6), the basal part of this area with one discrete and entire tuft. The mid tibial tuft is less than 2x as long as wide in E. rufipes sp. n., while more than 2x as long as wide in E. asarophora. Brighter area on E. rufipes sp. n. is due to handling of specimen. Scale bar is 1 mm.
FIGURES 1–2 in Description of a new species of Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) with notes on comparative biology
FIGURES 1–2. Male holotype Euglossa rufipes sp. n. (1) and male E. asarophora (2). The color of the posterior tibia may vary from red to orange in E. rufipes and from blue to greenish in E. asarophora. Scale bar is 5 mm.
FIGURES 18–23. 18–22 in A new species of Exaerete Hoffmannsegg (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) from Brazil
FIGURES 18–23. 18–22. Male genitalia of Exaerete spp., showing the shape of S7 (a), S8 (b), and the lateral view of the genital capsule (c). 18. E. smaragdina, 19. E. frontalis, 20. E. dentata, 21. E. trochanterica, 22. E. guaykuru, n. sp. 23. Male genitalia of E. guaykuru, n. sp., digital images showing the shape of S7 (a), S8 (b), and the lateral view of the genital capsule (c).
FIGURES 1–17. 1 in A new species of Exaerete Hoffmannsegg (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) from Brazil
FIGURES 1–17. 1. Lateral view of the body of Exaerete guaykuru, n. sp., holotype. The arrows indicate the hypoepimeron slightly convex, not tuberculate, and hind tibial slit reaching apex. Body length = ca. 26 mm. 2. Lateral view of the head of E. guaykuru, n. sp., paratype, showing the prominence on clypeus (arrow) and the metallic dark blue scape. Eye length = 4,9 mm. 3–7. lateral view of head of male Exaerete spp. showing presence or absence of median tubercle (a) and prominence of clypeus (b); 3. E. smaragdina, 4. E. frontalis, 5. E. dentata, 6. E. trochanterica, 7. E. guaykuru, n. sp. 8–12. Mesoscutellum of male Exaerete spp. in dorsal (a) and posterior views (b), showing the shape of mesoscutellum and sub lateral tubercles. 8. E. smaragdina, 9. E. frontalis, 10. E. dentata, Fig. 11. E. trochanterica, Fig. 12. E. guaykuru, n. sp. 13–17. External surface of hind leg of male Exaerete spp. showing the hind tibial slit very small or complete (a), and the shape of the hind femur (b). 13. E. smaragdina, 14. E. frontalis, 15. E. dentata, 16. E. trochanterica, 17. E. guaykuru, n. sp.
FIGURES 1–8 in The male gonostylus of the orchid bee genus Euglossa (Apidae: Euglossini)
FIGURES 1–8. Male genital structures of the orchid bee genus Euglossa. 1 = Genital capsule of Euglossa sp. in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. 2–8, types of gonostyli (I–V) recognized herein; gonostyli represented in drawing lines were removed from genital capsules and flattened on a microscope slide (see text for explanation). 2 = Type I, E. (Euglossa) ioprosopa; 3 = Type II, E. (Glossurella) prasina; 4–6 = Type III, E. (Euglossa) cognata, E. (Euglossella) cyanura and E. (Euglossa) modestior respectively; 7 = Type IV, E. (Euglossa) championi; 8 = Type V, E. (Glossurella) fuscifrons.
Figure 7 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters
Figure 7. Geographical distribution of tridentate Euglossa dilemma sp. nov. (black) and predominantly bidentate Euglossa viridissima (white) as inferred from recent baiting assays (circles) as well as museum material (diamonds). Note lack of E. viridissima in the south-eastern part (Costa Rica) of the range. Museum material included paratypes of E. dilemma and additional specimens of one or both species in the collections of D. W. Roubik, T. Eltz (CTE), G. Gerlach (CGG), the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM), the Smithsonian Institution (SI), and the Snow Entomological Collection (SEC). Only unambiguous and non-redundant localities were plotted. Localities of baiting assays are (from west to east): Chamela (Jalisco, Mexico), El Chote (Veracruz, Mexico), Ayozinthepec (Oaxaca, Mexico), Monte Pio and Poza Azul (both Veracruz, Mexico), Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Esquintla, Tapachula, Ocosingo and Palenque (all Chiapas, Mexico), Atasta (Campeche, Mexico), Retalhuleu (Guatemala), Lacanjá (Chiapas, Mexico), Escarcega (Campeche, Mexico), El Remate (Campeche, Mexico), Chablekal, Xmatkuil (Yucatán, Mexico), Tikal (Guatemala), San Crisanto (Yucatán, Mexico), Chetumal and Coba (both Quintana Roo, Mexico), Chinandega, Chacocente, Escameca Grande, Jinotega, Ometepe and Las Pampas (all Nicaragua), and Area de Conservación Guanacaste (Costa Rica).
Figure 6 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters
Figure 6. Chronogram showing divergence times and phylogenetic relationships of selected lineages in the genus Euglossa and the sibling species Euglossa dilemma sp. nov. and E. viridissima. The tree topology corresponds to that obtained via Bayesian methods. Bayesian posterior probabilities and parsimony bootstrap values are shown for the sister species only. Divergence times were obtained via penalized likelihood using the fossil-calibrated molecular clock procedures described in Ramírez et al. (2010b). The maximum and minimum age estimates for the MRCA of E. dilemma and E. viridissima correspond to the molecular clock analyses in which the MRCA of the genus Euglossa was assigned a fossil calibration of 20 and 15 Myr, respectively.
Figure 2 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters
Figure 2. Allele size distribution of Euglossa viridissima- like males from the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico, at the microsatellite locus ann02. Overall, bidentate males (grey bars) had significantly smaller allele sizes than tridentate individuals (black bars), and there was little overlap in allele size. The seven individuals indicated as red circles were also tridentate, but had been clustered with bidentate males in the analysis of perfume similarity (see Fig. 1), lacking HNDB. These seven individuals had the third (central) mandibular tooth significantly displaced towards the tip of the mandible (nearer to the distal tooth, see Fig. 3B), unlike in other tridentate males. Their ann02 allele size suggests that they in fact belong to the bidentate lineage. See text for further explanation.
Figure 4 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters
Figure 4. Results of a PCA of 15 morphological variables measured in male Euglossa viridissima and Euglossa dilemma sp. nov. Components 1 and 3, which showed significant differences between the species, are used for this two-dimensional representation. Note that E. dilemma shows slightly less variability and is essentially nested within E. viridissima morphospace. Centroids of distributions are shown.
Figure 3. A in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters
Figure 3. A, Euglossa viridissima-like males attracted to a bait dish at Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mexico. B, mandibular morphology of males of tridentate Euglossa dilemma sp. nov., and tridentate and bidentate males of E. viridissima. The position of the central mandibular tooth in tridentate individuals is expressed as the ratio of the distance between the distal and the central tooth to the distance between the central and the basal tooth. Means and standard deviations are given.
Figure 1 in Characterization of the orchid bee Euglossa viridissima (Apidae: Euglossini) and a novel cryptic sibling species, by morphological, chemical, and genetic characters
Figure 1. Differences in the chemical composition of tibial perfumes between tridentate (black circles) and bidentate (grey circles) Euglossa viridissima-like males as revealed by a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. Only tridentate males contained HNDB. Tridentate males without HNDB are highlighted (red symbols).
Fig. 5 in Phylogenomics reveals within species diversification but incongruence with color phenotypes in widespread orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Fig. 5. Color phenotypes and phyloheatmap of the morphological characters of E. meriana and E. atleticana, visualized using the (A) mtDNA and (B) UCE phylogenies. Circles at the end of individual names indicate the color phenotype of that individual. Names above the phyloheatmaps indicate the character that was measured. BL, Body length; HW, Head width; ID, Intertegular distance;WTII,Width of colored bands on tergum II; WTIII,Width of colored bands on tergum III. In this phyloheatmap, each column of the measured characters was standardized to have the same variance prior to analysis.The scale below indicates how much each value deviates from the mean.The colors of the clades correspond to geographic regions outlined in Fig. 1. Green: Central America, Orange: Choco region, Blue: Amazon Forest, and Pink: Atlantic Forest.
Fig. 4 in Phylogenomics reveals within species diversification but incongruence with color phenotypes in widespread orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Fig. 4. Chronogram of the phylogenetic relationships in the E. meriana and E. bombiformis species complexes estimated using BEAST2 and 500 UCE loci. All nodes had a posterior probability of 1. The arrow indicates the node used for calibration of the tree and acronyms correspond to geographic regions outlined in Fig. 1. CA, Central America; CR, Choco Region; AM, Amazon Forest; AF, Atlantic Forest. In the calibration point, M = mean age, and S = confidence interval.
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