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570 results for “Exposure data”
Data Set: Raman Investigation of In Vivo Radiation Exposure on Melanin in Murine Hair
<p>Updated version contains additional data added during peer review. Files contains Raw Raman spectra collected from the hair of mice irradiataed with gamma rays of specified dose. The time following exposure (in days) that the hair was sampled, the sex of the mouse, and the total dose (Gy) is given for each spectrum. The Raman spectra were collected with excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm. The Raman shift labels for each excitation wavelength is given the first row of the data table prior to the raw spectra.</p>
Technology pathways could help drive the U.S. West Coast grid's exposure to hydrometeorological uncertainty (Figure Data)
<p>Data used to create figures for:</p> <p>Wessel, J., Kern, J.D., Voisin, N., Oikonomou, K., Haas, J. (2021). “Technology pathways could drive the U.S. West Coast grid's exposure to hydrometeorological uncertainty”.</p> <p>California and West Coast Power System (CAPOW) model is Python based. The model was built to simulate the operations of the major markets comprising the West Coast bulk electric power system: the Mid-Columbia (Mid-C) market, and the California Independent System Operator (CAISO). This version adds future technology pathways, EV adoption, and battery storage.</p> <p>See https://github.com/jawessel/CAPOW_pathways (v1.0 release) for version of CAPOW model used.</p>
Data from: Active regulation of ultraviolet light exposure overrides thermal preference behaviour in eastern fence lizards
<p>1. Over a century of ecophysiological studies on lizards have perpetuated the assumption that basking and shuttling movements between sun and shade function solely for temperature regulation. However, these behaviors also modulate exposure to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis as well as ensuring proper growth and development and enhancing long-term fitness.</p> <p>2. An alternative hypothesis is that lizards also actively regulate their UV exposure. In this scenario, UV needs may even override temperature needs (or vice versa), generating asymmetries in the ability of a lizard to regulate both conditions equally. We test this hypothesis using field and laboratory data collected on adult <em>Sceloporus undulatus</em>.</p> <p>3. We found that <em>S. undulatus</em> actively regulate UV exposure and prioritize UV over temperature, favoring body temperatures much higher than preferred values to sustain preferred UV exposure. In stark contrast, temperature had no reciprocal impact on UV regulation behavior. Our field data support these patterns, suggesting that lizards may even seek out hotter environments despite thermal costs to enhance UV exposure.</p> <p>4. We conclude that <em>S. undulatus</em> actively regulate for UV as well as temperature. Unfortunately, outside of zoos and private hobbyists, appreciation of the importance of UV for ectotherm survival and reproductive success has been minimal. Addressing this deficit will therefore be vital to improve our understanding of the factors shaping the evolution of ectotherm photoregulation behavior in nature.</p>
News data for studying media exposure to the Boston Marathon bombings
<p>The news data sets released here have been used to study the relationship between media exposure and individuals' threat perception. Media exposure to mass violence has been shown to have a detrimental impact on people's threat perception and mental wellness, but little has been done to explore how exposure to different news content may impact mental health in people's everyday lives. In our study, we empirically test how emotionally potent media coverage of a real-world threat, namely, the Boston Marathon bombings occurred in 2013, alters threat perception of the community members over the first and the third anniversaries (in 2014 and 2016).</p> <p>The data were collected using a wave-based longitudinal design. There are two data sets, and each covers three waves:</p> <ul> <li>Dataset (I) -- news coverage before (Wave 1), during (Wave 2), and after (Wave 3) 2014 anniversary</li> <li>Dataset (II) -- news coverage before (Wave 1), during (Wave 2), and after (Wave 3) 2016 anniversary</li> </ul> <p>The collection procedure was informed by our survey study. Based on the survey completed by our subjects, we identified the four most frequent news outlets in the response: Metro (MT), New York Times (NY), Boston Globe (BG), and Boston Herald (BH). Other outlets, such as USA Today and Wall Street Journal, were reported by less than ten respondents. Therefore, our data collection focused on the news published by the four most frequent outlets.</p> <p>The data sets include the metadata of the news coverage over the aforementioned six waves. The raw content of the news stories was removed to respect the copyright owners.</p> <p><strong>Summary of the data collection procedure </strong></p> <p>We used news aggregators including Google and Yahoo news, to retrieve news articles published by the four outlets on a daily basis. We first collected the URLs of the news articles from the news aggregators and retrieved and parsed the news content using an HTML parser. In total, we collected over 38.5K and 54.1K news articles in dataset I and II, respectively.</p> <p>There are six files; each correspond to news coverage from the outlets in each wave. In these files, each line contains four columns: outlet, time, title, url which indicate the outlet of each news article, the time of publishing, the title of the article, and the URL to the article.</p> <p>We are making the data sets available for academic researchers and public use, to enable the discovery of new insights and development of better techniques to improve crisis communication and mental wellness.</p>
# Replication code and data for: Global projections of heat exposure of older adults
<p># Replication code and data for: Global projections of heat exposure of older adults<br>By Giacomo Falchetta, Enrica De Cian, Ian Sue Wing and Deborah Carr<br>Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47197-5</p> <p>An output data file, containing grid-cell level counts of people by age group, of climate hazard indicators, and of heat exposure metrics for both the historical climate and current demography and for future scenarios and projections is contained in the repository ("aging_climate_output_data.csv"). </p> <p>Software requirements:<br>- R v4.3+: https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/<br>- RStudio: v2023.06.0+: https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/<br>- Package dependencies: raster, sf, tidyverse, rasterVis, rgdal, maptools, pbapply, terra, knitr, kableExtra, modelsummary, openxlsx, xtable, ggforce, maptools, weights, spatstat, rworldmap, scales, patchwork, stars, viridis, devtools, stargazer, readxl, nominatimlite, urbnmapr</p> <p>To replicate the analysis:<br>- Clone the replication code repository from https://github.com/giacfalk/aging_climate<br>- Download input data from this Zenodo data repository<br>- Download all the 1km age and gender-stratified global population counts rasters from the following WorldPop page https://hub.worldpop.org/geodata/summary?id=24798 and put them in a subdirectory of the working directory called "AGEPOP"<br>- Run the "project_pop.R" script to generate gridded age-stratified population data for each SSP scenario<br>- Run the "compare_pop_projections.R" file to compare the generated gridded age-stratified population data with an array of pre-existing sources from different countries and produce a summary comparison table (NOTE: before running the script, decompress the "new_comparison_data.zip" folder into the working directory)<br>- Run "projections_exposure_m.R" to quantify heat exposure and generate the figures and tables reported in the paper</p> <p>To process the data and run succesfully, the script requires a computer with at least 32GB RAM. The running time varies based on CPU characteristics, but a runtime of at least 2 hours should be expected to generate all the output data, figures, and tables. All output files are saved in the working directory.</p> <p>___</p> <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</p> <div> <div> <div> </div> <div> <div> <div> </div> <div> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data from : Damage to tropical forests caused by tropical cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics
<p>These datasets have been used in the following paper:</p> <p>Ibanez, T., Bauman, B., Aiba, S.-i., Arsouze, T. Bellingham, P.J., Birkinshaw, C., Birnbaum, P., Curran, T.J., DeWalt, S.J., Dwyer, J., Fourcaud, T., Franklin, J., Kohyama, T.S., Menkes, C. Metcalfe, D.J., Murphy, H., Muscarella, R., Plunkett, G.M., Sam, C., Tanner, E., Taylor, B.N., Thompson, J., Ticktin, T., Tuiwawa, M.V., Uriarte, U., Webb, E.L., Zimmerman, J.K., Keppel, G. Damage to tropical forests caused by tropical cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics. Accepted for publication in <em>Global Change Biology</em>.</p> <p>Data users are invited to cite this paper and the original paper(s) corresponding to the data they use (see "Reference" column in each dataset). We also encourage potential users to contact the data owners for collaboration.</p> <p>These datasets are compiled empirical data on the damage caused by 11 cyclones occurring over the past 40 years, from 74 forest plots representing tropical regions worldwide. Damage are given at the tree (whether or not each tree has been uprooted or snapped) and at the plot level (number of uprooted or snapped trees in each plot).</p> <p>MSW: Maximum sustained wind speed (m.s-1)</p> <p>EXP: Topographical exposure to wind</p> <p>DBH: Diameter at breast height (cm)</p> <p>WD: Wood density (g.cm-3)</p>
Data: Effects of broadband sound exposure on the interaction between foraging crab and shrimp – a field study
<p>Data abstract:</p> <p>Data on foraging crabs and shrimps during trials with or without broadband sound exposures. Trials were conducted in situ using baited cameras.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Aquatic animals live in an acoustic world in which they often rely on sound detection and recognition for various aspects of life that may affect survival and reproduction. Human exploitation of marine resources leads to increasing amounts of anthropogenic sound underwater, which may affect marine life negatively. Marine mammals and fishes are known to use sounds and to be affected by anthropogenic noise, but relatively little is known about invertebrates such as decapod crustaceans. We conducted experimental trials in the natural conditions of a quiet cove. We attracted shore crabs (<em>Carcinus maenas</em>) and common shrimps (<em>Crangon crangon</em>) with an experimentally fixed food item and compared trials in which we started playback of a broadband artificial sound to trials without exposure. During trials with sound exposure, the cumulative count of crabs that aggregated at the food item was lower, while variation in cumulative shrimp count could be explained by a negative correlation with crabs. These results suggest that crabs may be negatively affected by artificially elevated noise levels, but that shrimps may indirectly benefit by competitive release. Eating activity for the animals present was not affected by the sound treatment in either species. Our results show that moderate changes in acoustic conditions due to human activities can affect foraging interactions at the base of the marine food chain.</p> <p> </p> <p>Reference:</p> <p>Hubert, J., Campbell, J., van der Beek, J.G., den Haan, M.F., Verhave, R., Verkade L.S., and Slabbekoorn H. (2018) Effects of broadband sound exposure on the interaction between foraging crab and shrimp - a field study. Environ. Pollut. 243, 1923–1929. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.076</p>
Details of offspring and source data for analysis of metabolic health and dietary preference in a rat model of acute alcohol exposure.
<p>This Excel file contains information on the number of offspring used to examine each outcome and the raw data for each data Table and Figure within a manuscript submitted to Journal of Physiology. </p>
Annexes to the external scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using MCRA software - Input and output data sets
<p>Retrospective dietary exposure assessments were conducted for two groups of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system: </p> <ol> <li>brain and/or erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition (CAG-NAN);</li> <li>functional alterations of the motor division (CAG-NAM).</li> </ol> <p>The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5800">here</a>).</p> <p>The exposure calculations used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Regarding the selection of relevant food commodities, the assessment included water, foods for infants and young children and 30 raw primary commodities of plant origin that are widely consumed within Europe.</p> <p>Exposure estimates were obtained with Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) software using a 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, which is composed of an inner-loop execution and an outer-loop execution. Variability within the population is modelled through the inner-loop execution and is expressed as a percentile of the exposure distribution. The outer-loop execution is used to derive 95% confidence intervals around those percentiles (reflecting the sampling uncertainty of the input data).</p> <p>Furthermore, calculations were carried out according to a tiered approach. While the first-tier calculations (Tier I) use very conservative assumptions for an efficient screening of the exposure with low risk for underestimation, the second-tier assessment (Tier II) includes assumptions that are more refined but still conservative. For each scenario, exposure estimates were obtained for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and the total margin of exposure (MOET, i.e. the ratio of the toxicological reference dose to the estimated exposure) was calculated at each percentile.</p> <p>The input and output data for the exposure assessment are reported in the following annexes:</p> <ul> <li>Annex A.1 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex A.2 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> <li>Annex B.1 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex B.2 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> </ul> <p>Further information on the data, methodologies and interpretation of the results are provided in the external scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using MCRA software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1708">here</a>).</p> <p>The results reported in this assessment only refer to the exposure and are not an estimation of the actual risks. These exposure estimates should therefore be considered as documentation for the final scientific report on the cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/public-consultation-scientific-report-cumulative">here</a>). The latter combines the hazard assessment and exposure assessment into a consolidated risk characterisation, including all related uncertainties.</p>
Annexes to the external scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid using MCRA software - Input and output data sets
<p>Retrospective dietary exposure assessments were conducted for two groups of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid: </p> <ol> <li>hypertrophy, hyperplasia and neoplasia of C-cells, i.e. affecting the parafollicular cells or the calcitonin system of the thyroid (CAG-TCP);</li> <li>hypothyroidism, i.e. affecting the follicular cells and/or the hormone system of the thyroid (CAG-TCF).</li> </ol> <p>The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the thyroid (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5801">here</a>).</p> <p>The exposure calculations used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Regarding the selection of relevant food commodities, the assessment included water, foods for infants and young children and 30 raw primary commodities of plant origin that are widely consumed within Europe.</p> <p>Exposure estimates were obtained with Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) software using a 2-dimensional probabilistic method, which is composed of an inner-loop execution and an outer-loop execution. Variability within the population is modelled through the inner-loop execution and is expressed as a percentile of the exposure distribution. The outer-loop execution is used to derive 95% confidence intervals around those percentiles (reflecting the sampling uncertainty of the input data).</p> <p>Furthermore, calculations were carried out according to a tiered approach. While the first-tier calculations (Tier I) use very conservative assumptions for an efficient screening of the exposure with low risk for underestimation, the second-tier assessment (Tier II) includes assumptions that are more refined but still conservative. For each scenario, exposure estimates were obtained for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and the total margin of exposure (MOET, i.e. the ratio of the toxicological reference dose to the estimated exposure) was calculated at each percentile.</p> <p>The input and output data for the exposure assessment are reported in the following annexes:</p> <ul> <li>Annex A.1 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-TCP</li> <li>Annex A.2 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-TCF</li> <li>Annex B.1 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-TCP</li> <li>Annex B.2 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-TCF</li> </ul> <p>Further information on the data, methodologies and interpretation of the results are provided in the external scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid using MCRA software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1707">here</a>).</p> <p>The results reported in this assessment only refer to the exposure and are not an estimation of the actual risks. These exposure estimates should therefore be considered as documentation for the final scientific report on the cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticides for their effects on the thyroid (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/public-consultation-scientific-report-cumulative">here</a>). The latter combines the hazard assessment and exposure assessment into a consolidated risk characterisation, including all related uncertainties.</p>
Annexes to the scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid using SAS® software - Input and output data sets
<p>Retrospective dietary exposure assessments were conducted for two groups of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid: </p> <ol> <li>hypertrophy, hyperplasia and neoplasia of C-cells, i.e. affecting the parafollicular cells or the calcitonin system of the thyroid (CAG-TCP);</li> <li>hypothyroidism, i.e. affecting the follicular cells and/or the hormone system of the thyroid (CAG-TCF).</li> </ol> <p>The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the thyroid (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5801">here</a>).</p> <p>The exposure calculations used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Regarding the selection of relevant food commodities, the assessment included water, foods for infants and young children and 30 raw primary commodities of plant origin that are widely consumed within Europe.</p> <p>Exposure estimates were obtained with SAS<sup>®</sup> software using a 2-dimensional probabilistic method, which is composed of an inner-loop execution and an outer-loop execution. Variability within the population is modelled through the inner-loop execution and is expressed as a percentile of the exposure distribution. The outer-loop execution is used to derive 95% confidence intervals around those percentiles (reflecting the sampling uncertainty of the input data).</p> <p>Furthermore, calculations were carried out according to a tiered approach. While the first-tier calculations (Tier I) use very conservative assumptions for an efficient screening of the exposure with low risk for underestimation, the second-tier assessment (Tier II) includes assumptions that are more refined but still conservative. For each scenario, exposure estimates were obtained for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and the total margin of exposure (MOET, i.e. the ratio of the toxicological reference dose to the estimated exposure) was calculated at each percentile.</p> <p>The input and output data for the exposure assessment are reported in the following annexes:</p> <ul> <li>Annex A.1 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-TCP</li> <li>Annex A.2 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-TCF</li> <li>Annex B.1 – Output data from the Tier I exposure assessment of CAG-TCP</li> <li>Annex B.2 – Output data from the Tier I exposure assessment of CAG-TCF</li> <li>Annex C.1 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-TCP</li> <li>Annex C.2 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-TCF</li> </ul> <p>Further information on the data, methodologies and interpretation of the results are provided in the scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have chronic effects on the thyroid using SAS<sup>®</sup> software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5763">here</a>).</p> <p>The results reported in this assessment only refer to the exposure and are not an estimation of the actual risks. These exposure estimates should therefore be considered as documentation for the final scientific report on the cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticides for their effects on the thyroid (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/public-consultation-scientific-report-cumulative">here</a>). The latter combines the hazard assessment and exposure assessment into a consolidated risk characterisation, including all related uncertainties.</p>
Annexes to the scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using SAS® software - Input and output data sets
<p>Retrospective dietary exposure assessments were conducted for two groups of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system: </p> <ol> <li>brain and/or erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition (CAG-NAN);</li> <li>functional alterations of the motor division (CAG-NAM).</li> </ol> <p>The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in the scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5800">here</a>).</p> <p>The exposure calculations used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2014, 2015 and 2016 and individual food consumption data from ten populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Regarding the selection of relevant food commodities, the assessment included water, foods for infants and young children and 30 raw primary commodities of plant origin that are widely consumed within Europe.</p> <p>Exposure estimates were obtained with SAS<sup>®</sup> software using a 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, which is composed of an inner-loop execution and an outer-loop execution. Variability within the population is modelled through the inner-loop execution and is expressed as a percentile of the exposure distribution. The outer-loop execution is used to derive 95% confidence intervals around those percentiles (reflecting the sampling uncertainty of the input data).</p> <p>Furthermore, calculations were carried out according to a tiered approach. While the first-tier calculations (Tier I) use very conservative assumptions for an efficient screening of the exposure with low risk for underestimation, the second-tier assessment (Tier II) includes assumptions that are more refined but still conservative. For each scenario, exposure estimates were obtained for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and the total margin of exposure (MOET, i.e. the ratio of the toxicological reference dose to the estimated exposure) was calculated at each percentile.</p> <p>The input and output data for the exposure assessment are reported in the following annexes:</p> <ul> <li>Annex A.1 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex A.2 – Input data for the exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> <li>Annex B.1 – Output data from the Tier I exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex B.2 – Output data from the Tier I exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> <li>Annex C.1 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAN</li> <li>Annex C.2 – Output data from the Tier II exposure assessment of CAG-NAM</li> </ul> <p>Further information on the data, methodologies and interpretation of the results are provided in the scientific report on the cumulative dietary exposure assessment of pesticides that have acute effects on the nervous system using SAS<sup>®</sup> software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5764">here</a>).</p> <p>The results reported in this assessment only refer to the exposure and are not an estimation of the actual risks. These exposure estimates should therefore be considered as documentation for the final scientific report on the cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticides for their effects on the nervous system (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/public-consultation-scientific-report-cumulative">here</a>). The latter combines the hazard assessment and exposure assessment into a consolidated risk characterisation, including all related uncertainties.</p>
Quinolizidine alkaloids in food and feed - annexes on dietary surveys, occurrence data and dietary exposure assessment
<p>Supplementary information to the <strong>Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products</strong></p> <p>Annex A – Dietary surveys and occurrence data in food submitted to EFSA</p> <p>Annex B – Occurrence data in feed submitted to EFSA</p> <p>Annex C – Results of acute dietary exposure assessment to quinolizidine alkaloids</p>
Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation - Summary statistics on occurrence and consumption data and exposure assessment results
<p>DomoicAcid_Raw_Occurrence_Data.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on Domoic Acid contaminant in scallops as extracted from EFSA DWH on the 9 June 2020, 16,369 samples presented in the opinion as described in its section 1.3.2. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields).</p> <p>The link to the catalogues of controlled terminologies can be found under "Related identifiers”.</p> <p><strong>Annex_</strong> DomoicAcid</p> <p>Table of contents</p> <p><br> Table A1</p> <p>Description of FoodEx2 codes used to describe scallop species and their anatomical parts</p> <p>Table A2</p> <p>Data cleaning steps applied to occurrence data on domoic acid in scallops</p> <p>Table A3</p> <p>Percentage of Left-Censored data and descriptive statistics for Limits of detection (LODs) and Limits of quantification (LOQs) for domoic acid in scallops (mg/kg)</p> <p>Table A4</p> <p>Descriptive statistics for domoic acid in scallops (mg/kg) as reported in the cleaned database (statistics weighted by number of units per sample)</p> <p>Table A5</p> <p>Descriptive statistics of body tissue weights (g) of scallops as submitted by data providers</p>
Data for: "Market Power and Price Exposure: Learning from Changes in Renewable Energy Regulation"
<p>Given the key role of renewable energies in current and future electricity markets, it is important to understand how they affect firms' pricing incentives in these markets. In this paper, we study whether renewables depress electricity market prices, and how this effect depends on their degree of market price exposure. Our theoretical analysis shows that paying renewables with fixed prices, rather than with market-based prices, is relatively more effective at curbing market power when the dominant electricity firms own large shares of the renewable capacity, and <em>vice-versa</em>. To test this prediction, our empirical analysis leverages several short-lived changes to renewable energy pricing mechanisms in the Spanish electricity market. In this context, we find that the switch from full price exposure to fixed prices caused a 2-4% reduction in the average price-cost markup.</p>
Quantifying flood exposure for Pakistan's 2022 floods from remotely sensed data
<p>Workflow for a rapid assessment of flood depth from remotely sensed data for Pakistan's 2022 floods. This workflow is designed to inform strategic and trans-sectoral reconstruction and adaptation to flood hazards. </p>
Data for: Chronic exposure to odors at naturally occurring concentrations triggers limited plasticity in early stages of Drosophila olfactory processing
<p>In insects and mammals, olfactory experience in early life alters olfactory behavior and function in later life. In the vinegar fly <em>Drosophila</em>, flies chronically exposed to a high concentration of a monomolecular odor exhibit reduced behavioral aversion to the familiar odor when it is re-encountered. This change in olfactory behavior has been attributed to selective decreases in the sensitivity of second-order olfactory projection neurons (PNs) in the antennal lobe that respond to the overrepresented odor. However, since odorant compounds do not occur at similarly high concentrations in natural sources, the role of odor experience-dependent plasticity in natural environments is unclear. Here, we investigated olfactory plasticity in the antennal lobe of flies chronically exposed to odors at concentrations that are typically encountered in natural odor sources. These stimuli were chosen to each strongly and selectively excite a single class of primary olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), thus facilitating a rigorous assessment of the selectivity of olfactory plasticity for PNs directly excited by overrepresented stimuli. Unexpectedly, we found that chronic exposure to three such odors did not result in decreased PN sensitivity but rather mildly increased responses to weak stimuli in most PN types. Odor-evoked PN activity in response to stronger stimuli was mostly unaffected by odor experience. When present, plasticity was observed broadly in multiple PN types and thus was not selective for PNs receiving direct input from the chronically active ORNs. We further investigated the DL5 olfactory coding channel and found that chronic odor-mediated excitation of its input ORNs did not affect PN intrinsic properties, local inhibitory innervation, ORN responses, or ORN-PN synaptic strength; however, broad-acting lateral excitation evoked by some odors was increased. These results show that PN odor coding is only mildly affected by strong persistent activation of a single olfactory input, highlighting the stability of early stages of insect olfactory processing to significant perturbations in the sensory environment.</p>
Data for: Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics
<p>This dataset contains a detailed description of studies identified by a review examining interactive effects of climate change-sensitive environmental variables and chemical contaminant exposure.</p>
Data for: Consequences of microsporidian prior exposure for virus infection outcomes and bumble bee host health
<p>Host-parasite interactions do not occur in a vacuum but in connected multi-parasite networks. Resulting co-exposures and coinfections during an individual host's lifetime can affect host health and infectious disease ecology, including disease outbreaks. However, many host-parasite studies examine pairwise interactions, meaning we still lack a general understanding of the influence of co-exposures and coinfections. Using the bumble bee <em>Bombus</em> <em>impatiens</em>, we study the effects of larval exposure to a microsporidian, <em>Nosema</em> <em>bombi</em>, implicated in bumble bee declines, and adult exposure to Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), an emerging infectious disease from honey bee parasite spillover. We hypothesize that infection outcomes will be modified by co-exposure or coinfection depending on relevant temporal interactions, due to changes in host immune allocation or condition. <em>Nosema</em> <em>bombi</em> is a potentially severe, larval-infecting parasite, and we predict that prior exposure will result in decreased host resistance to adult IAPV infection. We predict a double exposure will also reduce host tolerance, as measured by host survival. Although our larval <em>Nosema</em> exposure mostly did not result in viable infections, it reduced resistance to adult IAPV infection. Exposure to <em>Nosema</em> also negatively affected survival, potentially due to a cost of immunity in resisting the exposure. There was also a significant negative effect of IAPV exposure on survivorship, but in contrast to resistance, prior <em>Nosema</em> exposure did not alter this survival outcome. These results again demonstrate that infection outcomes within multi-parasite host networks can be non-independent, even when exposure to one parasite does not result in a substantial infection. </p>
Data and R scrips for "Exposure to closed-loop scrubber washwater alters biodiversity, reproduction, and grazing of marine zooplankton"
<p>Research data and scripts associated with the article "Exposure to closed-loop scrubber washwater alters biodiversity, reproduction, and grazing of marine zooplankton" by Jönander et al.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.