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Figure 4 in Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group

Figure 4. Xiphiagrion cyanomelas from Sano Ngoang Lake, Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia: (A, C) male, and (E) female (RMBH: ethanol-preserved specimens; scale bar = 5 mm); (B, D) anal appendages of the males (dorsal view); and (F) tip of the female abdomen (lateral view).

Figure 3 in Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group

Figure 3. Agriocnemis pygmaea from Sano Ngoang Lake, Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia: (A) teneral male, and (C) adult female (RMBH: ethanol-preserved specimens; scale bar = 5 mm); (B) anal appendages of the male (dorsal view); and (D) tip of the female abdomen (lateral view).

Figure 2 in Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group

Figure 2. Examples of extreme habitats on Flores and Kanawa islands (Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia). (A) Sano Ngoang Lake on Flores Island. This highly acidic, slightly brackish lake supports viable populations of Orthetrum sabina, Agriocnemis pygmaea, and Xiphiagrion cyanomelas. (Photo: Wiwin Windari Petersen). (B) Coastal marsh near Labuan Bajo on Flores Island. Habitat of Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis intermedia excelsa, N. terminata, Pantala flavescens, and Rhyothemis phyllis ixias. (Photo: Yulia S. Kolosova). (C) Dry grass savanna with Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) near the foothill on Kanawa Island (waterless during dry season). Site of Pantala flavescens occurrence (vagrant specimen). (Photo: Yulia S. Kolosova).

Figure 6 in Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago: New occurrences in extreme environments and an island-level checklist of this group

Figure 6. Diplacodes trivialis from coastal marsh site near Labuan Bajo, Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia: (A, C) females (RMBH: dried specimens; scale bar = 5 mm); and (B, D) tip of abdomen of the females.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Data from: Isolation of Metrosideros (`Ohi`a) taxa on O`ahu increases with elevation and extreme environments

Species radiations should be facilitated by short generation times and limited dispersal among discontinuous populations. Hawaii's hyper-diverse, landscape-dominant tree, Metrosideros, is unique among the islands' radiations for its massive populations that occur continuously over space and time within islands, its exceptional capacity for gene flow by both pollen and seed, and its extended life span (ca. >650 years). Metrosideros shows the greatest phenotypic and microsatellite DNA diversity on O`ahu, where taxa occur in tight sympatry or parapatry in mesic and montane wet forest on two volcanoes. We document the nonrandom distributions of 12 taxa (including unnamed morphotypes) along elevation gradients, measure phenotypes of ~6-year-old common-garden plants of eight taxa to verify heritability of phenotypes, and examine genotypes of 476 wild adults at nine microsatellite loci to compare the strengths of isolation across taxa, volcanoes and distance. All eight taxa retained their diagnostic phenotypes in the common garden. Populations were isolated by taxon to a range of degrees (pairwise FST between taxa: 0.004 – 0.267), and there was no pattern of isolation by distance or by elevation; however, significant isolation between volcanoes was observed within monotypic species, suggesting limited gene flow between volcanoes. Among the infraspecific taxa of M. polymorpha, genetic diversity and isolation significantly decreased and increased, respectively, with elevation. Overall, five of the six most isolated taxa were associated with highest elevations or otherwise extreme environments. These findings suggest a principal role for selection in the origin and maintenance of the exceptional diversity that occurs within continuous Metrosideros stands on O`ahu.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Data and code for replication of: "Global warming and heat extremes to exacerbate inflationary pressures. M. Kotz, F. Kuik, E. Liz, C. Nickel. Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2023)."

This repository contains secondary data and code necessary to reproduce the results of the manuscript:Global warming and heat extremes to exacerbate inflationary pressures.M. Kotz, F. Kuik, E. Liz, C. Nickel. Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2023). For further information please contact: maxkotz@pik-potsdam.de This document contains:1. An outline of the data included in the repository.2. An outline of the code included in the repository. See the README for further details. Credit and thanks go to Miles Parker, Chiara Osbat and Emanuele Franceschi for compiling the inflation data which is used in this study. Inflation data provided here has been anonymised (countries shuffled and names replaced by random letter combinations) to enable reproduction of our results, while limiting further use. Moreover, inflation in terms of the change in the logarithm of prices is included, whereas the level of price indices are excluded. For full inflation data please see the forthcoming publication by Miles Parker, Chiara Osbat,and Emanuele Franceschi (contact Miles.Parker@ecb.europa.eu for further enquiries into the raw inflation data).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Data - Krieg et al. Greater ecophysiological stress tolerance in the core environment than in extreme environments of wild chickpea (Cicer reticulatum)

Data used in analyses and code to produce figures.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Supplementary data for "Increasing risks of extreme salt intrusion events across European estuaries in a warming climate", published in Communications Earth & Environment

This data repository contains python scripts and post-processed climate model and salt intrusion length data to reproduce figures in the paper below. ==================== Title: Increasing risks of extreme salt intrusion events across European estuaries in a warming climate (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01225-w">Link to the full paper</a>) Author: Jiyong Lee, Bouke Biemond, Huib de Swart, and Henk A. Dijkstra Journal: Communications Earth & Environment Year: 2024 Publisher: Nature ====================

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Extreme environments filter functionally rich communities of Atlantic Forest treefrogs along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients

Understanding how environmental filtering and biotic interactions structure communities across elevational and latitudinal gradients is still a matter of debate. To provide insight into their relative importance, we explore the mismatch between three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic), and compare their patterns to null models of random community assembly. We focus on a highly diverse tropical group: the tree frogs (hylids) of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For that, we combined geographic distribution data with phylogenetic and trait information for 158 species to produce maps of the three dimensions of diversity. We show that communities of tree frogs of the Hylidae family tend to have high functional richness along the Atlantic Forest, potentially driven by niche partitioning. However, environmental filtering gains importance in extreme environments, both at high elevations and higher latitudes. In these areas of the forest, clustering of both functional and phylogenetic diversity is observed. Trait overdispersion is found in areas of contact between vegetation types, or of adjacent biomes, reflecting the encounter of amphibian species adapted to distinct environmental conditions and landscape configurations. Considering all three dimensions of diversity along with multiple axes of environmental variation allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the processes shaping amphibian community assembly in this biodiversity hotspot.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Community-wide trait adaptation, but not plasticity, explain ant community structure in extreme environments

1. Quantifying trait-environment associations can help elucidate the processes underpinning the structure of species assemblages. However, most work has focused on trait variation across rather than within species, meaning that processes operating at the intraspecific levels cannot be detected. Incorporating intraspecific trait variation in community-wide analyses can provide valuable insights about the role of morphological adaptation and plasticity on species persistence and the composition of ecological communities. 2. Here, we assessed geographic variation in the direction (i.e., adaptation) and strength of selection, and the magnitude of plasticity, by examining community-wide trait variation in ant communities along an environmental gradient spanning 9° latitude in Quebec, Canada. Specifically, we measured 9 morphological traits related to foraging strategies, resource use and thermal regulation at 20 locations across temperate and boreal forests. We then examined how the mean and variance of these traits varied along temperature and precipitation gradients. Moreover, we examined how these trait-environment relationships varied across levels of organization, from individual workers (intraspecific) to colonies (intraspecific) and species (interspecific). 3. We observed changes in mean trait values along environmental gradients, but very little change in variance. Specifically, we observed a decrease in the mean length of antennae and an increase in the mean eye length from mild (warm and wet) to more extreme environments (cold and dry). These shifts in trait means were mostly coordinated across organizational levels (i.e., worker, colony, and species). We also observed a general increase in trait variance from mild to extreme environments, but only at the species level. 4. Our findings suggest that stressful environmental conditions exert a strong selection pressure on ant morphology causing shifts in optimal trait values. These adaptations may enable persistence at the northern edge of the boreal forest and therefore influence the composition of these ant communities. Specifically, ants with large eyes and short antennae are overrepresented at the transition zone between the boreal forest and the tundra, possibly representing an adaptation to these more open habitats. Our study demonstrates that combining spatial and community-wide intraspecific functional trait data provides a promising way forward to gain new insights on trait adaptations and processes underpinning community structure along environmental gradients.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Supplementary dataset for: Genome-wide signatures of adaptation to extreme environments in red algae

The high temperature, acidity, and heavy-metal-rich environments associated with hot springs have a major impact on biological processes in resident cells. Understanding the origin and evolution of adaptations to these extreme environments has long intrigued scientists. One group of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), has successfully thrived in hot springs and associated sites (e.g., endolithic) worldwide for >1 billion years. These poly-extremophilic red algae are models for studying a wide range of topics in cell evolution. Here, we analyze chromosome-level assemblies from three Cyanidiophyceae species, the Cyanidiales Cyanidium caldarium 063 E5 and Cyanidiococcus yangmingshanensis 8.1.23 F7 and the Galdieriales Galdieria sulphuraria 108.79 E11, to gain insights into environmental adaptation. We find that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has played a major role in this process, as has other mechanisms such as subtelomeric gene duplication (STGD) of functional genes and the elimination of canonical eukaryotic traits, including microRNA processing. These extremophilic adaptation strategies are shared by the two major orders, Cyanidiales and Galdieriales, but most of the specialized genes evolved independently in each lineage. Our findings provide significant and novel insights into Cyanidiophyceae adaptation to hot-spring environments and demonstrate how the genomic consequence of extremophilic adaptation varies among the taxa in different microhabitats. The latter result underlines the power of local selection to shape eukaryotic genomes that face vastly different stresses, although the cells may live in close proximity.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Functionally distinct tree species support long-term productivity in extreme environments

Dataset used for the article "Functionally distinct tree species support long-term productivity in extreme environments", submitted to Proceedings of the Royal society B. Contains raw output of simulations performed with the ForCEEPS forest gap model (http://capsis.cirad.fr/capsis/help_en/forceeps). For a description of the simulations performed and the dataset, see the associated GitHub (https://github.com/LDelalandre/Project-1_Distinct-sp_BEF) and the article. Simulations are grouped in 11 folders corresponding to the 11 environmental conditions used for simulating community dynamics. Subfolders group outputs by species richness gradients (30 random orders, plus "decreasing" order, which is from the most functionally distinct to the least functioonally distinct species, and "increasing, which is the other way around, and monocultures). For each species richness level (from 1: all the species, to 30, the last species of the richness gradient), four different files were generated: - biomass data: 'complete' (every individual); 'mean' (aggregated at the community level each year); - productivity data: productivity (every individual); productitity_scene (aggregated at the species level each year).