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212 results for “Forest insects”
Native generalist natural enemies and an introduced specialist parasitoid together control an invasive forest insect
<p>Specialized natural enemies have long been considered a major force driving the population dynamics of outbreaking forest insects. While research has traditionally focused on the role of specialist parasitoids, recent studies and reviews reflect an appreciation of complex interactions among many regulatory factors. The sources suggest that specialist parasitoids and generalist predators can each inflict strong top‐down effects and that specialists and generalists can interact to regulate insect herbivore populations. Here we use the model study organism winter moth (<i>Operophtera brumata</i>) in its invasive range in the northeast United States to investigate interactions between the introduced, host-specific tachinid parasitoid <i>Cyzenis albicans</i> and native, generalist pupal predators. Prior research in Canada showed that predation of winter moth pupae increased after <i>C. albicans </i>establishment. To explain this phenomenon, the following hypotheses have been suggested: (1) parasitoids suppress the winter moth population to a density that can be maintained by generalist predators, (2) unparasitized pupae are preferred by predators and thus experience higher mortality rates, or (3) <i>C. albicans </i>sustain higher predator populations throughout the year more effectively than winter moth alone. We tested these hypotheses by deploying winter moth pupae over six years spanning 2005 to 2017 and by modeling pupal predation rates as a function of winter moth density and <i>C. albicans </i>establishment. We also compared predation rates of unparasitized and parasitized pupae and considered additional mortality by a native pupal parasitoid. We found support for the first hypothesis; we detected both temporal and spatial density dependence, but only in the latter years of the study when winter moth densities were lower. We found no evidence for the latter two hypotheses. Our findings suggest that pupal predators have a regulatory effect on winter moth populations only after populations have been reduced, presumably by the introduction of the host-specific parasitoid <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>
Plant–insect interactions from the mid-Cretaceous at Puy-Puy (Aquitaine Basin, western France) indicates preferential herbivory for angiosperms amid a forest of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
<p>The nine in-text figures and table below (Appendices S1–S10), and the additional text and excel files attached, provide the raw data, summaries of the raw data, rarefaction analyses, and nonmetric multidimensional scale analyses (NMDS) that support the discussions of the main text. The raw data and their summaries of provide for each plant species or morphotype values important for assessment of their herbivory: percentage of specimens herbivorized, damage type (DT) richness, DT frequency, DT host-plant specificity, herbivorized surface area as a proportion of total surface area, and feeding event occurrences. The rarefaction analyses furnished evaluations of whether the number of samples was sufficient, given the surface area covered by those samples. For comparison, the number of samples was rarified to the number of DTs in those samples. Lastly, two NMDS analyses produced the relationships between the plant orders present in the plant assemblage and their interactive functional feeding groups (FFGs). A separate NMDS analysis shows the association between the three most herbivorized species and their FFGs.</p>
Figure 3 in Diversity of cellulolytic and xylanolytic fungi associated with the digestive tract of aquatic insect larvae in streams of the Amazon Forest and Cerrado in Brazil
Figure 3. Percentage of fungal isolates from the DT of Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from trunks in Amazon Forest (A), trunks in Cerrado (B) and leaves in Cerrado (C) producers and non-producers of xylanase (Xyl) and cellulase (CMCase).
Figure 2 in Diversity of cellulolytic and xylanolytic fungi associated with the digestive tract of aquatic insect larvae in streams of the Amazon Forest and Cerrado in Brazil
Figure 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the physicochemical parameters of the streams sampled in the Amazon Forest - Amazonas (A) and Cerrado - Tocantins (T) in the north of Brazil.
Figure 1 in Diversity of cellulolytic and xylanolytic fungi associated with the digestive tract of aquatic insect larvae in streams of the Amazon Forest and Cerrado in Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the sampling sites of Stenochironomus (Diptera:Chironomidae) in low-order streams in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve in the state of Amazonas (Amazon Forest Biome) and at the Lajeado State Park (LSP) in the state of Tocantins, (Cerrado Biome) Brazil.
Figure 2 in Diversity and enzymatic capabilities of fungi associated with the digestive tract of larval stages of a shredder insect in Cerrado and Amazon Forest, Brazil
Figure 2. Percentage of fungal isolates from the DT of Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Cerrado (A) and Amazon Forest (B) biomes producers and non-producers of xylanase (Xyl) and cellulase (CMCase).
Figs. 1–24 in Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil)
Figs. 1–24. Insect galls of Guaxindiba. 1. Astronium sp., globose leaf gall; 2. Schinus terebinthifolius, globose stem gall; 3. Xylopia sp., conical leaf gall; 4. Aspidosperma sp., circular leaf gall; 5. Adenocalymma sp., fusiform vein/tendril gall; 6. Amphilophium sp., globose vein gall; 7. Bignonia sp. 1, fusiform vein gall; 8. Bignonia sp. 2, vein swelling; 9. Bignonia sp. 3, vein swelling; 10 and 11. Martinella obovata, 10: globose bud gall; 11: petiole/vein gall; 12 and 13. Pyrostegia sp., 12: conical leaf gall; 13: vein swelling; 14. Bignoniaceae sp. 1, vein swelling; 15. Bignoniaceae sp. 2, tendril/petiole swelling; 16 and 17. Protium heptaphyllum, 16: stem gall; 17: bud gall; 18. Licania sp., globose vein gall; 19. Buchenavia sp., marginal leaf roll; 20. Erythroxylum pauferrense, conical leaf gall; 21. Dodecastigma sp., vein swelling; 22. Manihot sp., cylindrical leaf gall; 23-24. Pachystroma longifolium, 23: marginal leaf roll; 24: conical leaf gall.
Figure 1 in Effects of forest conversion on tce assemblages' structure of aquatic insects in subtropical regions
Figure 1. Location of tce micro-basin and sampled streams in forested area (F1, F2, and F3) and converted area (C1, C2, and C3) at Parque Estadual do Turvo and adjacent areas, in soutcern Brazil.
Figure 3 in Effects of forest conversion on tce assemblages' structure of aquatic insects in subtropical regions
Figure 3. Ordination diagram of NMDS of Epcemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Triccoptera assemblages at streams in forested area (F) and converted area (C). Numbers 1-3 refer to tce stream; R refers to rocky bottom substrate, and L refers to leaf litter substrate.
Figs 81-89 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figs 81-89. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 81-82, Rudgea parquioides; 83, Xylosma pseudosalzmanii; 84-85, Allophylus edulis; 86, Serjania sp.; 87, Smilax sp.; 88, Cestrum strigillatum; 89, Cissus striata. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figs 21-40 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figs 21-40. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 21, Cordia ecalyculata; 22, Cordia americana; 23-24, Celtis iguanaea; 25, Trema micrantha; 26-27, Citronella gongonha: 28-31, Dioscorea scabra; 32, Sloanea monosperma; 33, Sebastiania sp.; 34, Bauhinia forficata; 35-39, Inga marginata; 40, Machaerium paraguariense. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figs 61-80 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figs 61-80. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 61-64, Guapira opposita; 65, Seguieria aculeata; 66-73, Piper aduncum; 74-76, Piper mikanianum; 77-78, Myrsine coriacea; 79-80, Psychotria carthagenensis. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figs 1-20 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figs 1-20. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 1, Justicia brasiliana; 2-6, Calea serrata; 7, Dasyphyllum spinescens; 8-13, Mikania glomerata; 14-17, Mikania micrantha; 18, Moquiniastrum polymorphum; 19, Trixis praestans; 20, Dolichandra unguis-cati. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figs 41-60 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Figs 41-60. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 41, Ocotea puberula; 42-45, Nectandra megapotamica; 46-48, Luehea divaricata; 49-50, Leandra regnellii; 51, Trichilia claussenii; 52, Mollinedia elegans; 53, Mollinedia schottiana; 54, Sorocea bonplandii; 55, Campomanesia xanthocarpa; 56-57, Eugenia uniflora; 58-59, Myrcianthes pungens; 60, Psidium cattleyanum. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Vermont Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Specimens in the Vermont Forest, Parks and Recreation Insect Collection.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Vermont Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Specimens in the Vermont Forest, Parks and Recreation Insect Collection". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c1e163c3-30f4-4230-a551-bbfc0677853e">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c1e163c3-30f4-4230-a551-bbfc0677853e</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c1e163c3-30f4-4230-a551-bbfc0677853e">https://gbif.org/dataset/c1e163c3-30f4-4230-a551-bbfc0677853e</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 6 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 6. Variation in Equitability (J) and Berger-Parker dominance (DBP) of Diptera (A) and Auchenorrhyncha (B) during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Values of J (bars) and DBP (lines) were computed in PAST and 95% confidence intervals obtained by bootstrapping using 9999 random samples. In Kruskal-Wallis H-tests there was a significant difference between the medians for Berger-Parker dominance in Diptera (H = 26.7, p <0.01) and Auchenorrhyncha (H = 14.9, p <0.01). Equitability was significantly different for Diptera (H = 36.5, p <0.01) but not for Auchenorrhyncha (H = 10.7, p = 0.0582).
Fig. 10 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 10. Variation in Mean Monthly Turnover (βwM) of Diptera (A) and Auchenorrhyncha (B) during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. The mean value of βwM in each elevation zone ± standard error is indicated. Note that the vertical axis does not extend to zero. In Kruskal-Wallis H-tests there was a significant difference between the medians for Diptera (H = 29.0, p <0.01) and Auchenorrhyncha (H = 22.1, p <0.01).
Fig. 2 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 2. Observed species richness (Sobs) of Diptera and Auchenorrhyncha trapped in six elevation zones over 12 months sampling at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Diptera, open circles; Auchenorrhyncha, closed circles.). In Kruskal-Wallis H-tests there was a significant difference between the medians for Diptera (H = 22.1, p <0.01) and Auchenorrhyncha (H = 14.3, p <0.05).
Fig. 1. Relative abundance, A in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 1. Relative abundance, A* (number of individuals caught. trap-1. month-1) of Diptera and Auchenorrhyncha trapped in six elevation zones over 12 months sampling at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Standard errors indicated. Note log10 scale. Data were fitted to a linear regression model in PAST; Diptera, open circles (r2 = 0.8567, p = 0.0081); Auchenorrhyncha, closed circles (r2 = 0.3182, p = 0.2434). In Kruskal-Wallis H-tests of untransformed data there was a significant difference between the medians for Diptera (H = 29.3, p <0.01) but not for Auchenorrhyncha (H = 3.3, p = 0.657).
Fig. 8 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 8. Variation in species turnover measured as βw of Diptera (a) and Auchenorrhyncha (b) during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Pairwise calculations of βw between each quadrat of a grid of elevation and month with the quadrat with maximum species richness (April/1,500–2,000 m quadrat for Diptera and June/500–1,000 m quadrat for Auchenorrhyncha) were mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of βw (indicated by colour scale bar) vary between 0 (complete identity) and 1.0 (complete non-identity). Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.