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3,295 results for “Fracture”
Investigation of Dynamic Fracture of Elastomers - I
<p>Dynamic fracture of a Poly Urethane elastomer has been investigated. Pure shear samples made of Poly Urethane have been used for this experimental work. The samples are 200 mm long, 40 mm tall and 3 mm thick.</p> <p>The test protocol involves stretching the sample first to the required strain level and then introducing a seed crack into the specimen. The seed crack then propagates through the specimen thereby breaking it into two pieces. The two steps are recorded by two cameras - a High Resolution (HR) camera to record the initial stretching and a High Speed (HS) camera to record the fracture process.</p> <p>The data set contains the initial loading (stretching) and fracture images of the experiment. The experiments have been performed by Thomas Corre and Michel Coret.</p> <p>The compressed folder consists of folders named according to the initial stretch level. For example L17 would indicate an initial stretch ratio (\lambda_y) of 1.7.</p>
Fracture data from Monte Carlo simulation and practical engineering cases
<p>This data is mainly used for inferring each fracture size and spatial pattern from its trace exposed on the rock mass outcrop.</p>
PENGWIN Task 1: Pelvic Fracture Segmentation on CT
<p>The CT segmentation task (Task 1) of the <a href="https://pengwin.grand-challenge.org/">PENGWIN segmentation challenge</a> is designed to advance the development of automated fracture segmentation methods for pelvic CT scans, with a focus on enhancing their accuracy and efficiency. Our dataset comprises CT scans from 150 patients scheduled for pelvic reduction surgery, collected from multiple institutions using a variety of scanning equipment. This dataset represents a diverse range of patient cohorts and fracture types. Ground-truth segmentations for sacrum and hipbone fragments have been semi-automatically annotated and subsequently validated by medical experts. </p> <p>This repository contains the training set of 100 CT scans with pelvic fractures and their ground-truth segmentation labels. The images and labels are stored in mha format. Each bone anatomy (sacrum, left hipbone, right hipbone) has up to 10 fragments. Bone that does not present any fracuture has only one fragment, which is itself. Label assignment: 0 = background, 1-10 = sacrum fragment, 11-20 = left hipbone fragment, 21-30 = right hipbone fragment. </p> <p>For more information, please visit <a href="https://pengwin.grand-challenge.org/">the challenge webpage</a>. For the PENGWIN simulated X-ray training dataset (Task 2), please visit <a href="10.5281/zenodo.10913196">the separate repository</a> (10.5281/zenodo.10913196).</p>
Fracture intensity dataset for the paper entitled "Pre-existing off-fault damage can impede coseismic on-fault slip"
<p>The locations of observation outcrops and pre-existing tectonic fracture intensity for the article: Wu, C. H., Cui, P., Klinger, Y., Tan, X. B.,Yi, S. J., & Li, Y. S. (2024). Pre‐existing off‐fault damage can impede coseismic on‐fault slip. Geophysical Research Letters,51, e2024GL111198. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111198</p>
A semi-analytical solution for heat transport in rock with parallel fractures and a heat source in both fracture and matrix
<p>In this study, we propose a two-dimensional semi-analytical solution framework based on a Green’s function approach for a flexible heat source definition, including source dimensions, energy delivery strength and duration, and the presence of a heat source in the matrix and/or fracture. The solution fully accounts for heat conduction, advection, dispersion and transient heat exchange between the mobile and immobile phases in a system of parallel fractures. The solution having a strip heat source extending from a fracture into the matrix indicates that one-dimensional heat conduction in the matrix underestimates and overestimates temperature responses at early and later times, respectively.</p> <p>The dataset is for the figures 2-7 in the journal paper. </p>
Fortran code used in 'A fractal model for effective excess charge density in variably saturated fractured rocks'
<p>This code is uploaded to support the research study 'A fractal model for effective excess charge density in variably saturated fractured rocks' by L. Guarracino and D. Jougnot (submitted to JGR: Solid Earth, 2021).</p> <p>Files:<br> a) Fortran source code (qvfrac.f) for estimating the effective excess charge density in fractured rocks. The calculation is based on model equations described in the research study.<br> b) Input data (network1.dat) to calculate the effective excess charge density for fracture network 1 described in Section 3 (Figure 5a).</p>
Images for fracture extraction in FRIS
<p>The dataset inlcudes clipped MOA2009 and Landsat 8 images covering FRIS of summer, 2014-2015, which are applied for fraction extraction in FRIS.</p>
Data of glaciological property constraints for fractures in FRIS
<p>This dataset is applied to set the glaciological property-based constraints for fractures extracted in FRIS. The dataset includes:<br> (1) Outer boundaries of ice rises and ice rumples in FRIS and the corresponding buffer zones, which is modified from Inventory of Antarctic ice rises and rumples (Matsuoka et al., 2015).<br> (2) Ice velocity maps of FRIS, including x and y component of ice velocity, which is generated based on MEaSUREs InSAR-Based Antarctica Ice Velocity Map (Version 2) (Mouginot et al., 2017).<br> </p>
Modulation of fracture healing by the transient accumulation of senescent cells
<p>Senescent cells have detrimental effects across tissues with aging but may have beneficial effects on tissue repair, specifically on skin wound healing. However, the potential role of senescent cells in fracture healing has not been defined. Here, we performed an in silico analysis of public mRNAseq data and found that senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers increased during fracture healing. We next directly established that the expression of senescence biomarkers increased markedly during murine fracture healing. We also identified cells in the fracture callus that displayed hallmarks of senescence, including distension of satellite heterochromatin and telomeric DNA damage; the specific identity of these cells, however, requires further characterization. Then, using a genetic mouse model (Cdkn2aLUC) containing a Cdkn2aInk4a-driven luciferase reporter, we demonstrated transient in vivo senescent cell accumulation during callus formation. Finally, we intermittently treated young adult mice following fracture with drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells ('senolytics', Dasatinib plus Quercetin), and showed that this regimen both decreased senescence and SASP markers in the fracture callus and significantly accelerated the time course of fracture healing. Our findings thus demonstrate that senescent cells accumulate transiently in the murine fracture callus and, in contrast to the skin, their clearance does not impair but rather improves fracture healing.</p>
Source parameter of hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes in the Kiskatinaw area, northeast British Columbia
<p>Source parameter of 2475 hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes (1927 events using P-wave estimates and 1882 events using S-wave estimates) in the Kiskatinaw area, northeast British Columbia between 1 July 2017 to 31 July 2020. The Study area covers parts of the Montney Formation, a major shale gas play within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Source parameters include seismic moment, moment magnitude, spectral corner frequency, and static stress drop values using three different approaches (single spectrum fitting, a clustered event approach, and spectral-ratio method). Detailed information about the methods are stated in the corresponding publication:</p> <p>Roth, M. P., K. B. Kemna, R. M. Harrington, and Y. Liu (2022). Source properties of hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes in the Kiskatinaw area, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022750">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022750</a></p>
Neutron and LIBS data behind figures in Gabriel et al. (2022). On an extensive late hydrologic event in Gale crater as indicated by water-rich fracture halos. JGR-Planets.
<p>This repository contains datasets that allow for the reproduction of certain figures and analysis by Gabriel et al. (2022), a peer-reviewed journal article accepted in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Below are brief descriptions of the datasets.</p> <p> </p> <p>File: TGabriel_JGR-P_DAN_Passive_NoMobility_Raw_Data_sol350-400_FigureS10.txt</p> <p>Description: These are raw neutron counts from the thermal and epithermal neutron detectors as part of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons instrument. Only data from rover stops for sols 350 to 400 are included. Data from rover stops allows them to be readily colocated rover localization data, which includes 'site' and 'drive' numbers that are specific to each stop.</p> <p><br> File: TGabriel_JGR-P_DAN_Passive_NoMobility_Raw_Data_sol900-1500_Figure5.txt</p> <p>Description: This is similar data to the product above, however for the sol range 900 to 1500.</p> <p> </p> <p>File: TGabriel_JGR-P_DAN_Passive_withMobility_Raw_Data_sol350-420_FigureS13.txt</p> <p>Description: This is similar data to the products above, however the dataset includes passive neutron count rates acquired while the rover was traversing, smoothed over 3 meters of lateral distance traveled. This dataset allows for the analysis of environments that may be present between rover stops, and thus not detected in 'no mobility' datasets.</p> <p> </p> <p>TGabriel_JGR-P_Kukri_CCAM_MajorOxideComposition_FigureS19TableS1.xlsx</p> <p>Description: This is the result of the Major Oxide Quantification pipeline developed by the ChemCam instrument team (sPDL Tool v2.0, 25 July 2015) as run by William Rapin. Additional H quantification in Figure S19 of Gabriel et al. (2022) is not included in this dataset, but is provided in the manuscript.</p>
The hydro-mechanical properties of fracture intersections: pressure dependant permeability and effective stress law
<p>The present repository includes the raw permeability data presented in the manuscript submitted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth entitled <em>The hydro-mechanical properties of fracture intersections: pressure-dependant permeability and effective stress law.</em></p> <p>The repository is presented as compressed folders named after the Figures of the manuscript where the data is presented. </p>
Weights for automatic two-dimensional bedrock fracture trace mapping from outcrop images
<p>This file contains weights for automatic two-dimensional bedrock fracture trace mapping. The weights have been trained on manually mapped traces (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7077574) that were digitized from UAV-acquired drone orthomosaics from along the shoreline of Loviisa, South-East Finland (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7077518). Code for automatic mapping and weights generation is available on GitHub (https://github.com/nialov/ALSA).</p> <p>Data is published as Hierarchical Data Format, version 5 (HDF5).</p> <p>The work in automatic mapping was done as part of a Geological Survey of<br> Finland project, Kallioperän Rikkonaisuus, during 2021-2022.</p>
Text-fig. 12. Close-up views of silicified stem from Mhengere Fossil Wood Site 2. a: natural longitudinal fracture surface; b: natural cross section (images by MP). in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 12. Close-up views of silicified stem from Mhengere Fossil Wood Site 2. a: natural longitudinal fracture surface; b: natural cross section (images by MP).
Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar.
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.
Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5 mm in (a–f), 1 mm in (g–i). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5 mm in (a–f), 1 mm in (g–i).
FIGURE 2. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 2. CMM-V-10108, a Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra associated with the one shown in Figures 5 and 6. A. Anterior view showing a major shear-compression fracture with comminution. B. right lateral view, and C. posterior view showing the intact fused epiphysis.
FIGURE 3. CMM-V-10108 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 3. CMM-V-10108, shear-fractured Miocene cetacean lumbar vertebra in three transverse CT-scan images. These CT-scan images cut through the vertebra in an anterodorsal-posteroventral direction. A. CT-scan image through the anterior portion of the vertebra showing the wide-open lumen of the shear-compression fracture. B. CT-scan image from approximately 1 cm behind A, showing the thickness of the periosteal reactive bone layer. C. CT-image at about the midpoint in the length of the vertebra showing the posterior-most part of the sheared base of the centrum compressed (telescoped) into the body of the centrum.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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